BACKGROUND: The low solubility of pinostrobin in water limits its use, causing technological difficulties and significantly reducing bioavailability. The "solid dispersion method" can significantly increase both the solubility and the release of a number of active substances from various dosage forms. AIM: The purpose of this study is the pharmacological study of pinostrobin and solid dispersion based on it. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Experiments were performed in vitro and in vivo on cells of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) and on 90 white outbred male and female rats and 24 outbred male mice. Methods were used to assess toxicity and determine antioxidants, hepatoprotective, capillary-strengthening, anti-inflammatory, and anti- ulcer activities. The effects were investigated by cytotoxicity, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, capillary-strengthening, anti-inflammatory, and antiulcer activity of the flavonoid was determined by pinostrobin and its solid dispersion, isolated from the buds of balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera L.). RESULTS: The results of studying biological activity show that this compound is a promising substance for the prevention and complex therapy of various diseases. CONCLUSION: It should be noted that pinostrobin can be considered a potential candidate for the targeted synthesis of a solid dispersion with more pronounced pharmacological effects and relatively high bioavailability.

В статье представлен обзор поведенческих аномалий, проявляющихся в разных сферах жизни человека и на разных этапах принятия решения. Логика описания поведенческих аномалий выстроена в соответствии с возможностью влиять на их возникновение: мы начинаем с аномалий в предпочтениях — наболее устойчивом паттерне, переходя далее к нестандартным убеждениям, которые могут быть скорректированы компаниями и регулирующими органами. Далее мы обсуждаем нестандартное принятие решений — сферу, которая потенциально связана с возможностью государства и фирм влиять на людей. В статье описываются особенности нестандартных предпочтений: 1) предпочтений с точками отсчета, означающих, что человек оценивает полезность объекта в зависимости от тех ориентиров, с которыми он сравнивает его или его характеристики, 2) неустойчивых во времени предпочтений, которые предполагают несовершенство самоконтроля человека и более сильное влияние текущих выгод и издержек на решения по сравнению с отложенными, 3) социальных предпочтений, которые объясняют, как люди реагируют на социальные стимулы, то есть на действия, ожидания и выигрыши других людей. Кроме того, в статье обсуждаются последствия использования людьми несовершенных суждений — смещенных относительно реальности или шумных (статистических суждений, учета мнения других людей, эвристик и др.). Формулировка выбора и восприятие его человеком могут приводить к возникновению аномалий при принятии решений, что лежит в основе архитектуры выбора и теории подталкивания (или наджинга). В заключении авторы суммируют результаты исследований о различиях в выраженности поведенческих аномалий в разных социально-демографических группах, что позволяет использовать обобщенные в статье особенности поведения людей при рассмотрении широкого круга вопросов, связанных с деятельностью компаний и экономической политикой.

Опираясь на результаты исследований Т.Б. Никитиной и Н.Б. Крыласовой по типологии и хронологии поясной гарнитуры из могильников VIII–XIII вв. Вятско-Ветлужского междуречья (древние марийцы) и Среднего Прикамья (финно-пермяки, носители родановской археологической культуры), автор статьи приводит сравнительно-географическую статистику распространения в регионе целых поясных наборов, состоящих из пряжки, накладок и наконечника. Полученные результаты показывают, что в VIII–IX вв. целые пояса концентрируются в основном в могильниках древних угров-венгров Прикамья и Южного Предуралья, по частоте встречаемости значительно превосходя могильники марийцев и мордвы. Вероятно, именно вследствие миграции венгров из Предуралья пояса и их детали могли отложиться и в могильниках древней мордвы. В X–XI вв. «статистическое лидерство» в использовании целых поясов переходит к поволжским финнам – марийцам. У угров Южного Предуралья пояса не встречаются вообще, а у кочевников-печенегов – единицами. Менее частое распространение этих изделий у прикамских финно-пермяков – носителей родановской культуры – при наличии у них собственного производства, вероятно, объясняется влиянием ислама, центром распространения которого в Прикамье был болгарский город-форпост Афкула.

Objective: One of the possible protective factors that can protect target vascular cells (endothelial, smooth muscle cells) from damage during the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Design and method: A study was carried out in male Wistar rats weighing 250–320 g, 140 days old at the end of research. The rats from the control group were fed standard rat chow. The rats from the experimental group had a high-fat high-carbohydrate (HFHC) diet. Biochemical parameters of rat blood were determined. The concentration of H2S in the blood serum and adipose tissue of rats was determined by the photometric method at 670 nm. The expression of the H2S synthesis enzyme CSE was studied in aortic tissue samples using Western blot. Results: It was found that HFHC diet led to an increase in body weight, obesity, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and leptinemia in the experimental group rats. It was found that the concentration of H2S significantly decreased in the blood serum and adipose tissue of rats with MetS. The rate of production of H2S in adipose tissue of rats with MetS also decreased. In the aortic tissue of rats with MetS, there was a decrease in the amount of protein of the CSE. Conclusions: Changes in the activity of the H2S/CSE system in MetS may be additional evidence of the development of vascular dysfunction in metabolic disorders.

We propose an original strategy for metastasis prevention using a combination of three microRNAs that blocks the dedifferentiation of cancer cells in a metastatic niche owing to the downregulation of stemness genes. Transcriptome microarray analysis was applied to identify the effects of a mixture of microRNAs on the pattern of differentially expressed genes in human breast cancer cell lines. Treatment of differentiated CD44(-) cancer cells with the microRNA mixture inhibited their ability to form mammospheres in vitro. The combination of these three microRNAs encapsulated into lipid nanoparticles prevented lung metastasis in a mouse model of spontaneous metastasis. The mixture of three microRNAs (miR-195-5p/miR-520a/miR-630) holds promise for the development of an antimetastatic therapeutic that blocks tumor cell dedifferentiation, which occurs at secondary tumor sites and determines the transition of micrometastases to macrometastases.

Due to traumatic injuries, including those from surgical procedures, adhesions occur in over 50% of cases, necessitating exclusive surgical intervention for treatment. However, preventive measures can be implemented during abdominal organ surgeries. These measures involve creating a barrier around internal organs to forestall adhesion formation in the postoperative phase. Yet, the effectiveness of the artificial barrier relies on considerations of its biocompatibility and the avoidance of adverse effects on the body. This study explores the biocompatibility aspects, encompassing hemocompatibility, cytotoxicity, and antibacterial and antioxidant activities, as well as the adhesion of blood serum proteins and macrophages to the surface of new composite film materials. The materials, derived from the sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose modified by glycoluril and allantoin, were investigated. The research reveals that film materials with a heterocyclic fragment exhibit biocompatibility comparable to commercially used samples in surgery. Notably, film samples developed with glycoluril outperform the effects of commercial samples in certain aspects.

An investigation was carried out on humic substances (HSs) isolated from the coal of the Kansk-Achinsk basin (Krasnoyarsk Territory, Russia). The coal HSs demonstrate the main parameters of molecular structure inherent to this class of natural compounds. An assessment was performed for the chemical, microbiological, and pharmacological safety parameters, as well as the biological efficacy. The HS sample meets the safety requirements in microbiological purity, toxic metals content (lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic), and radionuclides. The presence of 11 essential elements was determined. The absence of general, systemic toxicity, cytotoxicity, and allergenic properties was demonstrated. The coal HS sample was classified as a Class V hazard (low danger substances). High antioxidant and antiradical activities and immunotropic and cytoprotective properties were identified. The ability of the HS to inhibit hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anion radicals was revealed. Pronounced actoprotective and nootropic activities were also demonstrated in vivo. Intragastric administration of the HS sample resulted in the improvement of physical parameters in mice as assessed by the “swim exhaustion” test. Furthermore, intragastric administration in mice with cholinergic dysfunction led to a higher ability of animals with scopolamine-induced amnesia to form conditioned reflexes. These findings suggest that the studied HS sample is a safe and effective natural substance, making it suitable for use as a dietary bioactive supplement.

Relevance. The gasotransmitter hydrogen sulphide (H2S) is awell-known signalling molecule that is involved in the regulation of awide range of cellular functions in both health and disease. Its biological effects in obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS) have been investigated. It is apromising pharmacological target for the correction of MetS and associated diseases.The aimof this study is to investigate the role of endogenously produced H2S in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders in experimental Met S.Materials and Methods. Ahigh-fat and high-carbohydrate diet was used to induce MS in male Wistar rats. The body and adipose tissue weights of the animals were determined. The animals body and adipose tissue weights were measured. Indicators of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the blood serum were determined with the use of reagent kits. Additionally, the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were analyzed in adipose tissue through photometric analysis. The concentration of H2S in blood serum and adipose tissue, as well as H2S production by adipocytes, was measured spectrophotometrically.Results and Discussion. H2S concentrations in blood serum, adipose tissue and adipocyte H2S production were found to decrease in animals with hyperglycaemia and insulin resistance. Additionally, anegative correlation was observed between the H2S content and production in the adipose tissue of rats with the mass of visceral adipose tissue. Furthermore, anegative relationship was found between the concentrations of glucose, insulin, leptin, ROS and the level of H2S in blood serum and adipose tissue. In contrast, the increase in glutathione (GSH) in adipocytes was directly correlated with the increase in hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in serum and adipose tissue cells.Conclusions. The regulatory effect of H2S on target cell function has been extensively studied. However, its role in the development and progression of MetS remains unclear. Our work demonstrates that under conditions of metabolic pathology, there is adecrease in the serum concentration of H2S and its production in adipose tissue. This decrease correlates with the development of obesity, hyperglycemia, insulinemia, leptinemia, and redox imbalance.

Aim: to evaluate the secretory activity of mononuclear blood leukocytes by the level of in vitro production of oppositional cytokines (pro-inflammatory IL-6 and anti-inflammatory IL-10) in rats in a model of diet-induced metabolic syndrome (MS) against the background of changes in the concentration of adipokines leptin and adiponectin. Materials and methods. In male Wistar rats, MS was modeled by keeping for 12 weeks on a high-fat and high-carbohydrate diet; control group animals received a normal diet. Mononuclear leukocytes isolated by gradient centrifugation from heparinized blood were cultured in a medium based on RPMI-1640 (concentration of 2×106 cells in 1 ml of medium) for 24 hours in sterile tubes in a CO2-incubator in two variants – without the addition of an inducer and with the addition of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The concentration of cytokines in the culture fluid, hormones leptin and adiponectin in the blood serum was determined by enzyme immunoassay. Statistical data processing was carried out in the SPSS Statistics 23. Results. In animals exposed to a 12-week high-fat and high-carbohydrate diet, against the background of an increase in body weight, the specific mass of visceral adipose tissue, metabolic disorders (hyperglycemia, impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia), high concentrations of leptin and low concentrations of adiponectin, the ability of mononuclear blood leukocytes to produce IL-6 and IL-10 in vitro at the basal level and when stimulated by bacterial LPS does not change. Conclusion. Probably, the morphofunctional status and secretory profile of monocyte-macrophage system cells depends on the severity and duration of the metabolic and hormonal imbalance associated with obesity and systemic chronic inflammation.

The current article describes the biological activity of new biomaterials combining the “green” properties of humic substances (HSs) and silver nanoparticles. The aim is to investigate the antioxidant activity (AOA) of HS matrices (macroligands) and AgNPs stabilized with humic macroligands (HS-AgNPs). The unique chemical feature of HSs makes them very promising ligands (matrices) for AgNP stabilization. HSs have previously been shown to exert many pharmacological effects mediated by their AOA. AgNPs stabilized with HS showed a pronounced ability to bind to reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the test with ABTS. Also, higher AOA was observed for HS-AgNPs as compared to the HS matrices. In vitro cytotoxicity studies have shown that the stabilization of AgNPs with the HS matrices reduces the cytotoxicity of AgNPs. As a result of in vitro experiments with the use of 2,7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA), it was found that all HS materials tested and the HS-AgNPs did not exhibit prooxidant effects. Moreover, more pronounced AOA was shown for HS-AgNP samples as compared to the original HS matrices. Two putative mechanisms of the pronounced AOA of the tested compositions are proposed: firstly, the pronounced ability of HSs to inactivate ROS and, secondly, the large surface area and surface-to-volume ratio of HS-AgNPs, which facilitate electron transfer and mitigate kinetic barriers to the reduction reaction. As a result, the antioxidant properties of the tested HS-AgNPs might be of particular interest for biomedical applications aimed at inhibiting the growth of bacteria and viruses and the healing of purulent wounds.

Ссылка для цитирования: Экстракционно-атомно-абсорбционное определение золота в морских железомарганцевых образованиях после его концентрирования дибутилсульфидом в толуоле / М.Г. Блохин, Н.В. Зарубина, В.В.Иванов, П.Е. Михайлик // Известия Томского политехнического университета. Инжиниринг георесурсов. – 2023. – Т. 334. – № 1. – С.19-29. Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью наработки методических решений по количественному определению содержания золота в железомарганцевых образованиях и других геологических объектах в связи с существующими здесь химико-аналитическими трудностями и недостаточным количеством стандартных образцов состава железомарганцевых образований с надежно аттестованным содержанием в них золота. Цель: проверка применимости методики экстракции золота с использованием нефтесульфидов (дибутилсульфида в толуоле) к определению золота в железомарганцевых образованиях с электротермическим атомно-абсорбционным окончанием, наряду с методикой извлечения золота его соосаждением с теллуром. Объекты: пробы железомарганцевых образований из различных районов северной части Тихого океана, а также российский стандартный образец состава с аттестованным содержанием золота ООПЕ 603 (СДО-6) и стандарт Геологической службы США NOD-A-1. Методы. Проведено концентрирование золота при его определении в железомарганцевых образованиях по методикам экстракции дибутилсульфидом в толуоле и соосаждением с теллуром и электротермическим атомно-абсорбционным анализом. Обработка полученных результатов проведена с применением методов математической статистики. Результаты. Методика экстракции золота с дибутилсульфидом в толуоле показала свое преимущество для целей анализа железомарганцевых образований, по сравнению с процедурой соосаждения с теллуром, в связи с ее высокой селективностью, позволяющей избавляться от влияния матричных компонентов, в первую очередь железа, формирующего мешающее наложение спектральных линий при атомно-абсорбционном определении золота. Методика экстракции золота с дибутилсульфидом была апробирована для анализа образцов железомарганцевых образований из различных районов северной части Тихого океана, а также стандартных образцов состава железомарганцевых образований – российском ООПЕ 603 (СДО-6) и американском стандарте NOD-A-1. Использование воздушносухой навески 2 г образца дало удовлетворительный результат при анализе стандартного образца СДО-6 с аттестованным содержанием золота 10±6 нг/г, но не позволило успешно проанализировать образец NOD-A-1, для которого были получены невоспроизводимые результаты. В этой связи для определения в данном стандарте золота рекомендуется использование еще больших навесок. Атомно-абсорбционное определение золота в изученных образцах железомарганцевых образований по предлагаемой методике показало результаты, отвечающие требованиям геохимического анализа, в том числе и по сравнению с ИСП-МС методом. Однако проведенное ранее электронно-микроскопическое исследование железомарганцевых корок северо-западной части Тихого океана выявило присутствие в них частиц самородного золота, что может, в свою очередь, вызывать методические сложности в процессе отбора представительной пробы и в процедуре подготовки образцов железомарганцевых образований к анализу.

IntroductionOpisthorchis felineus, Opisthorchis viverrini, and Clonorchis sinensis are the most medically important species of fish-borne zoonotic trematodes. O. felineus is endemic to the river plains of Western Siberia and Eastern Europe, and it is estimated that more than 1.6 million people could be infected with this parasite. Chronic opisthorchiasis may lead to significant gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary pathology. This study aimed to identify and characterize proteins from the secreted and tegumental proteomes of O. felineus. MethodsAdult flukes were collected from experimentally infected hamsters and cultured in vitro in serum-free media. We extracted proteins from different compartments of the O. felineus secretome, including (i) soluble excretory/secretory (ES) products; (ii) secreted 15K-extracellular vesicles (EVs); and (iii) tegument. ResultsWe also generated a transcriptome using long-read sequencing, and when this was combined with high-resolution mass spectrometry, sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) separation, and protein digestion, we identified 686, 894, 389, 324, and 165 proteins from the ES, 15K-EV, and the three sequentially extracted tegument (TEG) protein fractions, respectively. We conducted in-depth gene ontology and protein family analyses on the identified proteins and discussed comparisons against similar proteome data sets acquired for the Southeast Asian liver fluke O. viverrini and the Chinese liver fluke C. sinensis. DiscussionThe information from this study will form a biologically relevant data set of O. felineus proteins that could be used to develop diagnostic and therapeutic tools to manage the human cost of O. felineus infection and its associated comorbidities.

Objective: Arterial hypertension is an important component of the metabolic syndrome, the development of which is caused by the occurrence of endothelial dysfunction and impaired contractile activity of vascular smooth muscle cells. In the presented work, the morphological basis of an increase in blood pressure under the influence of a high-fat high-carbohydrate diet in rats was investigated. Design and method: A study was carried out in male Wistar rats weighing 250–320 g, 140 days old at the end of research. The rats from the control group were fed standard rat chow. The rats from the experimental group had a high-fat high-carbohydrate diet (proteins 16%, fats 21%, carbohydrates 46%, including 17% fructose, 0.125% cholesterol, 90 days). Body weight, blood pressure were assessed. It was determined the morphological changes in the aortic wall. Mechanical tension of isolated aortic rings was measured by Myobath Tissue Bath System II. Sections of aorta were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, sudan III. Results: It was found that blood pressure increases in animals kept on a high-carbohydrate high-fat diet. The high-carbohydrate high-fat diet causes endothelial vascular dysfunction, impaired contractile activity of vascular smooth muscles. In the rats the experimental group a changes in the activity of calcium and potassium channels, Na +, K +, 2Cl - cotransporter and chlorine conductivity was found. In the aortic wall of the animals of the experimental group, there are signs of elastolysis (initial remodeling of the media), accumulation of lipids in the interstitial cells of the media, hyperplasia of fat cells in the adventitia. Conclusions: Functional and morphological abnormalities in the vascular wall in metabolic syndrome can be the basis for an increase in blood pressure and arterial hypertension.

Актуальность. Неуклонный рост в мире геохимических и экологических исследований ртути в локально-регионально-планетарном планах связан с активной циркуляцией и вездесущностью ее различных форм в наземных и водных средах бисоферы, а также с ее супертоксичностью и высокой биодеструктивностью. Актуальность настоящего исследования определяет применение современных инструментальных средств высокочувствительного анализа при биогеохимическом изучении разнотипных компонентов системы растение–подстилка–почва на трех полигонах заповедных горнолесных территорий юга Дальнего Востока. Цель: установить содержание ртути в растительности и почвах Приморского края. Объекты: почвы, растительный опад, лесная подстилка, растения Приморского края. Методы. Определение содержания массовой доли общей ртути проведено в МИНОЦ «Урановая геология» в отделение геологии ТПУ без предварительного химического разложения проб методом беспламенной атомно-абсорбционой спектрометрии. Применен ртутный анализатор РА-915+ с пиролитической приставкой РП-91С (ООО Люмэкс, г. Санкт-Петербург) и ИСП-МС в Проблемной научно-исследовательской лаборатории гидрогеохимии. Результаты. Полученные результаты характеризуют содержание ртути соседствующих почв, растительного опада и растительности в совокупности трех природораздельных участков хребта Сихотэ-Алинь, которые расположены в пределах охраняемых, потенциально геохимически «девственных» природных территорий Приморского края. Среднее содержание ртути для почв районов окрестностей ручья Ванчин-Угольный, Шандуйских озер и притока реки Бикин составило, соответственно (мг/кг): 0,162 (размах 0,046–0,298), 0,098 (размах 0,015–0,264) и 0,117 (размах 0,021–0,28). Различия в содержании ртути в почвах исследуемых территорий зависят от количества органогенной составляющей и ландшафтных особенностей местности. Содержание ртути в разных видах растительности составило: лишайник (0,135 мг/кг), папоротник (0,0383 мг/кг), лабазник (0,023 мг/кг), осока (0,016 мг/кг), что объясняется различной способностью растений к физиолого-биологическому фиксированию водорастворимых форм ртути. Более высокие содержания ртути в почвах, по сравнению с растительной подстилкой и самой растительностью, – свидетельство многолетнего скапливания запасов этого металла и связывания его основной массы в органоминеральной форме в почвах.

A present study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant activity (AOA) of humic acids (HA) isolated by sodium hydroxide and sodium pyrophosphate from nine peat species of the Tomsk region different by botanical composition, degree of decomposition and ash content. All HA samples had shown the AOA in the study. As the results of four research methods, it was found that HAs are highly effective in inhibiting the free ABTS•+ radical cation, superoxide anion radical O2-•, hydroxyl radical HO•, and are able to bind Fe2+ in a wide range of concentrations. The activity of HAs in different tests was not equal between samples; HAs isolated by sodium hydroxide have had a higher AOA in inhibition of the superoxide anion–radical O2-• in the model reaction compared to HAs isolated by sodium pyrophosphate within the same peat species. In the study of iron binding activity, an inverse relationship was observed. In the model reactions of the free ABTS•+ radical cation and the hydroxyl radical HO• inhibition, a comparable level of activity was registered between the HA samples isolated by different solutions. Such an uneven distribution of the activity between various HA samples can be explained by the unequal chemical parameters of their structure, which depend on their origin and method of isolation. Using of such classical antioxidants with an established mechanism of action as comparison drugs, as a water-soluble analogue of tocopherol - "Trolox", a water-soluble antioxidant – ascorbic acid, a classic chelator – ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), a classic trap of a hydroxyl radical – mannitol, it is possible to conclude that the investigated HAs are effective antioxidants belonging to the groups of proton donors and complexing agents.

Objective: The study is focused on the effects of metabolic syndrome induced by high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet on erythrocytes and platelets of rats. Design and method: The 6-week old Wistar rats (n = 23) were used for study. Rats were divided into control and experimental groups. The rats from the control group were fed standard rat chow. The rats from the experimental group had a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet. Body weight, blood pressure (BP) were assessed. After 12 weeks of a diet load an oral glucose tolerance test was carried out. Hematological and biochemical parameters in plasma were analyzed. The conductivity of the KCa-channels of the erythrocyte membrane was measured by potentiometric method, and the platelet aggregation was determined by turbidimetric method. Results: High-fat, high-carbohydrate diet feeding in rats for 12 weeks led to obesity, BP elevation, hyperglycemia, impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia with triglyceridemia. Elevation of number of leukocytes due to granulocytes and platelets were observed in the experimental group. The collagen-induced aggregation of platelets was elevated in rats with metabolic syndrome. Red blood cell count in rats of the experimental group did not significantly differ from the control group. The multidirectional changes in the membrane potential were observed in response to the stimulation of the KCa-channels of the erythrocyte membrane of the experimental group with the Ca2 + ionophore A23187 or the redox-system. Conclusions: The data obtained indicate that a high-fat, high-carbohydrate diet leads to metabolic and hemorheological disorders, that are characteristic of metabolic syndrome.

Opisthorchiasis, is a hepatobiliary disease caused by flukes of the trematode family Opisthorchiidae. A chronic form of the disease implies a prolonged coexistence of a host and the parasite. The pathological changes inflicted by the worm to the host’s hepatobiliary system are well documented. Yet, the response to the infection also triggers a deep remodeling of the host systemic metabolism reaching a new homeostasis and affecting the organs beyond the worm location. Understanding the metabolic alternation in chronic opisthorchiasis, could help us to pinpoint pathways that underlie infection opening possibilities for the development of more selective treatment strategies. Here, with this report we apply an integrative, multicompartment metabolomics analysis, using multiple biofluids, stool samples and tissue extracts to describe metabolic changes in Opisthorchis felineus infected animals at the chronic stage. We show that the shift in lipid metabolism in the serum, a depletion of the amino acids pool, an alteration of the ketogenic pathways in the jejunum and a suppressed metabolic activity of the spleen are the key features of the metabolic host adaptation at the chronic stage of O. felineus infection. We describe this combination of the metabolic changes as a “metabolically mediated immunosuppressive status of organism” which develops during a chronic infection. This status in combination with other factors (e.g., parasite-derived immunomodulators) might increase risk of infection-related malignancy.

Goal – identification of conditions for the economic feasibility of repairing units with the restoration of parts in comparison with the repair based on the use of new parts. Research – techno‑economic methods were used, taking into account the changing cost items for technological operations of repairing automobile units in various versions. The limitation was the provision of after‑repair running hours of repaired units, not inferior to the standard operating time of new units. Score/results – the review shows the conditions under which the main quality indicators in the form of wear resistance and fatigue strength of the restored parts, which determine their durability, are not inferior to the development to the limit state of new parts. Originality/value – the cost of restoring individual parts during the repair of units is 8–60% of the price of new products. The conditions of concentration of production with an increase in its volumes are given, which reduces the complexity of the restoration of parts up to two times.

BACKGROUND:Opisthorchiasis is a hepatobiliary disease caused by flukes of the trematode family Opisthorchiidae. Opisthorchiasis can lead to severe hepatobiliary morbidity and is classified as a carcinogenic agent. Here we investigate the time-resolved metabolic response to Opisthorchis felineus infection in an animal model.METHODOLOGY:Thirty golden hamsters were divided in three groups: severe infection (50 metacercariae/hamster), mild infection (15 metacercariae/hamster) and uninfected (vehicle-PBS) groups. Each group consisted of equal number of male and female animals. Plasma samples were collected one day before the infection and then every two weeks up to week 22 after infection. The samples were subjected to 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and multivariate statistical modelling.PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:The time-resolved study of the metabolic response to Opisthorchis infection in plasma in the main lines agrees with our previous report on urine data. The response reaches its peak around the 4th week of infection and stabilizes after the 10th week. Yet, unlike the urinary data there is no strong effect of the gender in the data and the intensity of infection is presented in the first two principal components of the PCA model. The main trends of the metabolic response to the infection in blood plasma are the transient depletion of essential amino acids and an increase in lipoprotein and cholesterol concentrations.CONCLUSIONS:The time resolved metabolic signature of Opisthorchis infection in the hamster's plasma shows a coherent shift in amino acids and lipid metabolism. Our work provides insight into the metabolic basis of the host response on the helminth infection.