Collaborative green and low-carbon transformation in the construction and building materials is an important path to realize China’s carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. This paper reviews two types of assessment methods on greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction from the life cycle perspective, applicable to low-carbon building materials. Taking the partial substitution of limestone with calcium carbide sludge in the production of cement clinker as a typical case, with the production of Portland cement clinker as the baseline scenario, the two assessment methods are applied to quantify the emission reduction of low-carbon cement clinker, compared with the baseline. A comparison was made on the differences between the two emission reduction assessment methods. The results show that the emission reduction amount is 293.26 and 253.77 kgCO2eq/t respectively, using two assessment methods. The key influencing factors on the differences include the accounting boundary, the calculation method for industrial process emissions, and the emission factors.

Diabetic ulcers (DUs), a severe complication of diabetes, are characterized by impaired wound healing and contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality. A key pathological driver is the persistent accumulation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which extend inflammation and tissue damage; however, appropriate therapeutic strategies to resolve NETs remain underdeveloped. We engineered a self-assembled nanocomplex, O/DNase-I, through structural and functional integration of oligomerized epigallocatechin gallate (OEGCG) and deoxyribonuclease-I (DNase-I). Its functionality was systematically evaluated in vitro and in a diabetic murine wound model using molecular and histological analyses. The O/DNase-I nanocomplex simultaneously eliminates existing NETs via DNase-I-mediated DNA hydrolysis and suppresses further NET formation through OEGCG. This synergistic action robustly cleared NETs, mitigated pro-inflammatory signaling, and critically, promoted a reparative immune microenvironment by driving M2 macrophage polarization, ultimately accelerating diabetic wound closure in vivo. This study not only validates O/DNase-I as a potent therapeutic approach for diabetic wound management but also establishes a novel supramolecular strategy for targeting dysregulated inflammation, with broad potential applications in other NET-associated pathologies.

To combat microbial infection and persistent inflammation of wounds, the increasing type and dosage of antibiotics in wound dressing results in the formation of drug-resistant bacteria, which seriously delays the healing of infected wounds. Thus, to develop alternative antibacterial wound dressings independent of antibiotics is imperative. In this work, we established a novel degradable hybrid nanohydrogel material (TAPP/Mn3O4@CS-GA) with antibacterial and anti-inflammation effects by loading 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (4-aminophenyl)-21H,23H-porphine (TAPP) with PDT function and Mn3O4 with SOD and CAT-like activities in chitosan hydrogel (CS-GA). The nanosystem can produce abundant ROS under laser irradiation, SOD and CAT-like activities of Mn3O4 generate enough O2 to provide substrate for PDT mediated by TAPP, increasing the concentration of singlet oxygen (1O2) and enhancing the PDT effect. After laser irradiation, SOD and CAT-like activities continue transfer superoxide anion free radical (O₂-·) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to O2 to reduce inflammation caused by oxidative stress, relieve hypoxia and promote angiogenesis. The antibacterial experiments results show that the combination of antibacterial and anti-inflammation mediated by TAPP/Mn3O4@CS-GA hydrogel can accelerate infected wound healing.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregates, which play a central role in disease pathogenesis according to the amyloid cascade hypothesis. While soluble Aβ oligomers and protofibrils have been identified as the most neurotoxic species, their structural heterogeneity has posed significant challenges for therapeutic development. Current antibody therapies targeting Aβ show differential clinical efficacy, but the molecular basis for their selective recognition of various Aβ polymorphs remains unclear. This critical knowledge gap stems from the lack of experimental structures of antibody-oligomer complexes, which hinders rational drug design. In this study, we thoroughly simulated possible interactions between Aβ oligomer and three antibodies recently approved for targeting Aβ as AD therapy. Our results reveal fundamental differences in their recognition mechanisms. Aducanumab shows polymorph-dependent binding, targeting N-terminal epitopes in full-length Aβ but maintaining non-specific contacts to cross-β structures. Lecanemab uniquely engages multiple N-termini simultaneously through an extended flat-binding interface. Donanemab employs a conserved CDRL1-dominated mode to recognize F4-H13 aggregates, with the pE3 modification acting as a structural anchor that reinforces binding stability. These structural insights provide a molecular basis for observed clinical outcomes and establish design principles for improved therapeutics targeting specific pathological aggregates.

Natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) is a malignancy with a poor prognosis. The Smoothened (Smo) protein is implicated in NKTCL growth. This study employed lentiviral vector-mediated Smo RNA interference (LV-Smo-RNAi) to silence the Smo gene in the human NKTCL cell line SNT8. Fluorescence microscopy, qRT-PCR, and Western blot verified the reduction of Smo mRNA and protein levels. The CCK-8 assay showed that Smo silencing inhibited cell proliferation. Flow cytometry with annexin V-PE/7-AAD double staining indicated an increased apoptosis rate. Moreover, the expression of GLI family zinc finger 1 (Gli1) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) was downregulated. In vivo, xenotransplantation experiments demonstrated that Smo silencing led to slower tumor growth with reduced tumor volume and weight. Overall, Smo gene silencing holds great potential as a novel molecular-targeted therapy approach for NKTCL by effectively suppressing cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis.

Objective:To investigate the effects of histone deacetylase(HDAC)levels on the proliferation and apoptosis of Burkitt lymphoma cells,and the changes in related signaling molecules in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway,so as to explore the pathogenesis of Burkitt lymphoma.Methods:HDAC levels in Burkitt lymphoma were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot.CA46 and RAJI cells were treated with the HDAC selective inhibitor VPA.CCK8 assay was used to detect the proliferation ability of cells.Western Blot was used to measure the expression of apoptosis-related proteins,PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway proteins and their phosphorylation levels.Results:The expression levels of class Ⅰ HDAC in Burkitt lymphoma were higher than those in normal cells,and the HDAC1 inhibitor VPA could inhibit the proliferation of CA46 and RAJI cells.VPA decreased HDAC expression in CA46 and RAJI cells,inhibited the phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway molecules AKT and p70S6K,increased the expression of apoptotic proteins Cleaved Caspase-3,Cleaved Caspase-8,Cleaved Caspase-9 and Bax,and decreased the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and PARP.Conclusion:Inhibition of HDAC activity can Attenuate the proliferation of Burkitt lymphoma cells and induce apoptosis by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway activity.

With the intensification of environmental crises such as global climate risk, resource depletion and ecological deterioration, sustainable development has become the focus of attention of all countries. Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA), as a comprehensive method to assess the environmental, social and economic impacts of products throughout their life cycle, has been widely used in industry in recent years. This paper reviewed the research progress of LCSA method and summarized the basic framework of LCSA. Moreover, the differences of LCSA methodology in the aspects of sustainability dimensions, evaluation methods of key indicators were compared. At last, the applications of LCSA in materials industry were discussed. From the perspective of methodological development, the current LCSA methodology system mainly follows ‘the triple bottom line model’, focusing on the three dimensions of environment, economy and society. In recent years, some studies have begun to explore the incorporation of resource circularity, criticality and other indicators in the assessment scope to reflect the sustainability of products more comprehensively. From the perspective of application fields, the applications of LCSA method were mainly concentrated in the fields of building materials, biomass fuels and waste management. In the future, LCSA method will develop in the direction of more refinement and comprehensiveness, expand more application in materials and their downstream end-products.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the diagnostic use of integrating multi-parameter flow cytometry (FCM), histopathology, and gene mutation analysis for lymphoma classification using intact lymph node (LN) samples. METHODS:Intact LN samples from 109 patients with lymphadenopathy were retrospectively analyzed by pathology, multi-color FCM, and next-generation sequencing (NGS) targeting 62 lymphoma-related genes. RESULTS:FCM immunophenotyping showed high concordance with pathology (56/56 lymphoma cases detected by FCM were pathologically confirmed). PD-1 on T cells was significantly elevated in B-cell lymphoma (BCL), especially diffuse large BCL (DLBCL) (P<0.05). All BCLs exhibited monotypic intracellular cKappa or cLambda expression. Significant differences in cell size (FSC) were observed: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma (CLL/SLL) (mean FSC: 89.42±6.01) and Follicular Lymphoma cells (FL; 93.88±4.94) were smaller than normal B-cells (102.09±11.58), while DLBCL cells (121.84±9.17) were larger (all P<0.05). Subtypes showed distinct mutation profiles, including IGHV (9/11) in CLL/SLL; BCL2 (5/7) and EZH2 (4/7) in FL; and BCL6 (5/13) in DLBCL. Mutation-guided FCM confirmed BCL2 protein expression in two FL cases and BCL6 in one DLBCL case. T/NK-cell lymphomas showed aberrant antigen expression and restricted TRBC1 clonality (1.17%±1.61% or >96.4%) outside the normal polyclonal range (36.60%±7.21%). CONCLUSION:FCM on intact LNs is a robust tool with high pathologic concordance. Integrating genetic mutation data with FCM provides a powerful, multi-parameter strategy. This approach moves beyond standard immunophenotyping to include mutation-associated antigens, thereby refining lymphoma classification and enhancing diagnostic accuracy.

Electrolytic manganese slag (EMS) is acidic filter residue generated during the smelting of metallic manganese. EMS were mainly disposed by stockpiling, with a cumulative quantity of more than 160 million tons in China. Due to the presence of a large amount of easily migratory manganese ions and harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen in electrolytic manganese slag, conventional stacking disposal posed potential environmental risks. Compared to conventional disposal methods, resource utilization not only consumed large amounts of stockpiled EMS but also created economic value and environmental benefits. This study investigated the green low-carbon potential of using EMS to replace coarse aggregates in the production of ready-mixed concrete. By employing life cycle assessment (LCA) and carbon footprint analysis (CFA), the study quantitatively evaluates the resource, environmental, and low-carbon characteristics of using EMS in the production of ready-mixed concrete. The results show that the greenhouse gas emissions in scenario 2 reduced by approximately 19.25

As global efforts intensify in response to climate change, establishing a new energy system predominantly based on renewable sources has become a critical necessity to achieve carbon neutrality target. Solar photovoltaic (PV) power, due to its low-carbon attributes during electricity generation stage, has increasingly widespread adoption. However, the manufacture of PV module still faces the challenges such as dependency on strategic mineral resources, high energy consumption and pollution in certain critical stages of the supply chain. This study employed life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology to analyze the resource and environment impact during the life cycle of a typical monocrystalline silicon solar cell (MSSC), including raw materials and energy acquisition, transportation, and manufacturing. Moreover, the variations in environmental impacts under different grid structures were discussed. The results indicate that silicon wafer production stage contributes significantly to most of the environmental indicators such as global warming potential, ozone depletion, particulate matter formation, fossil resource depletion, water consumption and so on, while the electricity generation stage had the largest impact on stratospheric ozone depletion and terrestrial acidification indictors. The contribution to global warming caused by the electricity used in the production and operation of MSSC varies significantly under different grid structures.

Blending sulphoaluminate cement (SAC)-known for its rapid hardening, high early strength, and low carbon footprint-with Portland cement (PC) significantly accelerates PC hydration and enhances its mechanical properties. In this study, composite cement is prepared by co-blending ye'elimite and anhydrite with PC. The effect of the molar ratio of calcium sulfate to ye'elimite (M-value) on hydration kinetics, hydration products, pore structure, volume stability, and mechanical properties of the composite cement system is systematically investigated. Results demonstrate that the M-value substantially influences hydration kinetics of composite cement systems. While the fundamental three-stage progression of cement hydration remains consistent, the M-value modulates the duration of each reaction stage. It differentially affects the hydration rates of various mineral phases within the cement system. A positive correlation is observed between the expansion rate of the composite cement systems and the M-value. As hydration progresses, the relationship between the rate of ettringite formation per unit time and the expansion rate becomes more pronounced. The initial 1-3 days of hydration are identified as a critical period for ettringite formation, which plays a significant role in the development of the expansion rate. The formation of ettringite remains positively correlated with the enhancement of compressive strength.

Porphyrins are popular photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy of diseases. However, the poor water solution and short absorption wavelengths of porphyrins limit their clinical application. In this work, a novel worm-like porphyrin covalent organic framework (Por-COF) with excellent dispersibility and near-infrared absorption was prepared via a facile method. First, a pH-responsive macromolecule was prepared using Schiff base bonds between porphyrin and terephthalaldehyde, and the spatial arrangement of macromolecules was controlled to prepare Por-COF. Second, the hypoxia-responsive drug tirapazamine (TPZ) and tumor-targeted hyaluronic acid (HA) were loaded to Por-COF through the electrostatic effect to prepare a multifunction nanomedicine (Por-COF@TPZ/HA) that could simultaneously produce abundant reactive oxygen species and high temperature via808 nm laser irradiation. TPZ was cascaded for the synergistic therapy of cancers. In vitro cytotoxicity showed that the inhibition rate of cell activity in the Por-COF@TPZ/HA + Laser group was 1.2 times higher than that in the Por-COF/HA + Laser group. In vivo experiments also demonstrated that the aggravated tumor hypoxia caused by photodynamic therapy could activate TPZ to achieve high-efficiency chemotherapy. Combined photodynamic-photothermal therapy and chemotherapy had an outstanding synergistic effect. This work provides a promising method for Por-COF preparation and a feasible strategy for the synergistic therapy of cancers.

The key aroma components and (furan) fatty acids in fresh red goji berries were determined and their variations after hot-air drying were investigated to understand the impacts of drying. 22 of the 46 detected aroma components were found to be the key aroma components in fresh red goji berries, including (E)-β-damascenone, 1-octen-3-one, and trans-4,5-epoxy-(E)-2-decenal, which elicited the cooked apple-like, mushroom-like, and metallic odor impressions. Linoleic acid, oleic acid, and palmitic acid were the predominant fatty acids. Furan fatty acid (FuFA) in fresh red goji berries was measured for the first time and 11-(3,4-dimethyl-5-pentylfuran-2-yl)-undecanoic acid (11D5) was the only FuFA. The subsequent analysis of hot-air-dried red goji berries at 50 °C caused the increment in the contents of fatty acids. A remarkable decrease was found in lipid-derived aroma components and FuFA, especially aldehydes, ketones, and 11D5. In addition, the rare 9-(5-pentylfuran-2-yl)-nonanoic acid (9F5) was detected in red goji berries after drying.

The emergence of antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori led to a sharp decline in eradication rates, but there are limited data regarding the prevalence and genetic mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Shandong. This study aims to assess the prevalence and molecular mechanisms of H. pylori antibiotic resistance to commonly used antibiotics in Shandong populations. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for clarithromycin, levofloxacin, metronidazole, tetracycline, rifampicin, amoxicillin, azithromycin, and moxifloxacin using E-test method. PCR amplified resistance-associated genes for all the strains, and 32 were whole-genome sequenced. 62 H. pylori strains were obtained and the infection rate was 30.1% (62/206). No resistance to amoxicillin was observed. Two and four strains were resistant to tetracycline and rifampicin, respectively, and no resistance-associated mutations were found in the 16S rRNA and rpoB genes. The resistance rates of azithromycin, clarithromycin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin were 56.45% (35/62), 33.87% (21/62), 48.39% (30/62), and 56.45% (35/62), respectively. The percentages of dual, triple, and quadruple resistance were 32.26% (20/62), 24.19% (15/62), and 1.61% (1/62), respectively, and only one isolate was resistant to quadruple antibiotics. Phenotypic resistance associated with the A2143G mutations in 23S rRNA for azithromycin and clarithromycin (kappa coefficient, 0.808 and 0.671, respectively), and gyrA mutations (N87K/N87I/D91G/D91Y/D91N) for levofloxacin and moxifloxacin (kappa coefficient, 0.526 and 0.442, respectively). Metronidazole resistance was observed in 43.55% (27/62) isolates and most of the metronidazole-resistant strains had truncated rdxA and frxA. The detection of a truncated rdxA gene correlated with phenotypic resistance results (kappa coefficient, 0.728). There was no association between whole-genome phylogeny and antibiotic resistance profiles. Our results revealed the high resistance rates and multiple resistance of H. pylori to commonly used antibiotics. Continued surveillance of H. pylori antibiotic resistance is crucial in Shandong to establish effective eradication therapy for this population.

Objective:To study the reversal effect of NVP-BEZ235 on doxorubicin resistance in Burkitt lymphoma RAJI cell line.Methods:The doxorubicin-resistant cell line was induced by treating RAJI cells with a concentration gradient of doxorubicin.The levels of Pgp,p-AKT,and p-mTOR in cells were detected by Western blot.Cell viability was detected by MTT assay.IC50 was computed by SPSS.Results:The doxorubicin-resistant Burkitt lymphoma cell line,RAJI/DOX,was established successfully.The expression of Pgp and the phosphorylation levels of AKT and mTOR in RAJI/DOX cell line were both higher than those in RAJI cell line.NVP-BEZ235 downregulated the phosphorylation levels of AKT and mTOR in RAJI/DOX cell line.NVP-BEZ235 inhibited the proliferation of RAJI/DOX cell line,and the effect was obvious when it was cooperated with doxorubicin.Conclusion:The constitutive activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway of RAJI/DOX cell line was more serious than RAJI cell line.NVP-BEZ235 reversed doxorubicin resistance of RAJI/DOX cell line by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal pathway.

This study presents a strategy for decreasing cement-production-induced CO2 emissions and achieving comprehensive utilization of copper tailings (CTs). This is realized by preparing Portland cement clinkers dominated by calcium silicate minerals with a low Ca/Si ratio through the adjustment of the siliceous (CTs) to calcareous (limestone) material ratio. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), quantify X-ray diffraction (QXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 29 Si nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and thermogravimetric (TG) analyses were employed to systematically characterize the thermodynamic behavior and mineral composition changes during the formation of the low-calcium Portland cement clinker, and to analyze their mechanical properties, carbonation products, and microstructural evolution under accelerated carbonation conditions (high pressures and CO2 concentration). CTs used as siliceous raw materials enabled the preparation of the low-calcium Portland cement clinkers with wollastonite (CS), belite (C2S), and rankinite (C3S2) as the main mineral phases at 1200 degrees C. The Ca/Si ratio and calcination temperature markedly influenced the clinker minerals. For a Ca/Si ratio of <= 1.0, CS was the main clinker mineral. When the Ca/Si ratio was between 1.0 and 1.4, the clinker comprised the C2S-C3S2 system, with the C3S2 content increasing as the calcination temperature increased. The prepared clinker achieved a compressive strength of over 100 MPa after carbonation when calcined at 1200 degrees C with a Ca/Si ratio of 1.4. Carbonation of several low-calcium-content silicate minerals produced CaCO3, mainly as spherical vaterite crystals, while silica in the system formed silica gel, which formed a reticulated structure with CaCO3.

Cracks are inevitable in the use of cement-based materials. It takes a lot of resources to repair these cracks and prolong the service life of cement-based materials. Self-healing cement-based materials that can automatically repair cracks and improve the self-healing ability of cementbased materials have become the focus of current research. The current self-healing systems achieve impermeability recovery of matrix by the filling cracks. Few scholars have paid attention to the impermeability recovery through self-hydrophobic broken panels. In this paper, SEM, FTIR, core content titration, water flux test and contact angle test were carried out. The morphology, composition, core content and impermeability recovery effect of self-healing cement paste were prepared and characterized. Carbon nanotubes are used to improve the water resistance of isocyanate microcapsules, which possess a diameter of 237.6 +/- 59.1 mu m, distinct core-shell structure, and good dispersibility. The residual core fraction is 58.2 % after 21 days in Ca(OH)2 aqueous solutions. The microcapsules maintain integrity without breakage when mixed with fresh cement paste and have good bonding compatibility with cement matrix. When microcapsules are embedded into cement paste, the cracks could break the microcapsules releasing isocyanate to wet the broken panels. The isocyanates react with the moisture with the formation of polyurea, changing the contact angle of broken panels from near 0 degrees to 118.4 +/- 0.1 degrees. The hydrophobic panels could retard the water penetration and recover the impermeability of cement paste. Based on this, a new self-healing mechanism of self-hydrophobic fracture surface to realize self-healing of impermeability of cement matrix is proposed.

Calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) gel is an important hydration product of cement, significantly influencing the coagulation and hardening processes, as well as the mechanical properties, volume stability, and durability of cement. Moreover, it plays a crucial role in the adsorption of harmful ions. In this study, CSH gel was synthesized through the precipitation of calcium acetate and sodium silicate and was subsequently used to adsorb chloride ions. The results indicated that when the calcium-to-silicon ratio was 1.2, the CSH gel exhibited excellent adsorption performance for chloride ions introduced via CaCl2 and NaCl, with adsorption capacities of 17.45 mgg-1 and 8.06 mgg-1, respectively. The adsorption of chloride ions in CSH gel primarily occurs due to the physical adsorption of chloride ions on the surface and within the internal pores of the CSH gel, accompanied by a displacement reaction between hydroxide ion and chloride ions.

In epoxy-amine based self-healing cement-based materials, the uncontrollable stoichiometric ratio of both components in the cracks leads to the cured epoxy resin with various crosslink densities. Investigation on the interaction mechanism between cured epoxy resin and C-S-H gel promotes to optimize the final self-healing performances. In this work, the interaction between load-induced broken panels of C-S-H gel and cured epoxy resins with different crosslink densities (e.g., 0.23, 0.77, and 0.97) was studied through molecular dynamic methods. It was found that crosslink density plays an essential role in the geometrical size and atom distributions. Phase separation occurs at the low crosslink density due to the aggregation of amine molecules. The generation of fresh crosslink points limits the free motion of epoxy molecules with higher crosslink density. Meanwhile, the cured epoxy resin with higher crosslink density causes a high porosity in the interfacial region between the epoxy resin and C-S-H gel substrates, degrading the mechanical performance of materials.

This study proposes a method for designing a class of rotationally symmetric Stewart platforms (RSSPs) with an insensitive condition number (ICN), which is used to minimize the condition number to achieve a high accuracy for a multi-degree-of-freedom (multi-DOF) shaker. Considering the rotational symmetry of RSSPs, an analytical relationship between the architecture parameters and transfer coefficients is first established. Then, the decoupling conditions of the RSSPs are derived, and the transfer coefficient formulas are simplified by the given decoupling conditions and iso-length assumption. Following further analyses and discussions, the ICN condition and analytical form of the condition number are provided. The area of the ICN (AICN) is, subsequently, derived to evaluate the insensitivity of the condition number. To validate the effectiveness of the method, a design example (ICN-RSSP), along with a numerical analysis, is implemented, and, finally, a multi-DOF shaker is developed. The results of the numerical analysis show a smaller condition number and a larger AICN than those of the RSSP, for comparison. And the experiment results of the multi-DOF shaker show a high accuracy of vibration waveform reproduction. The method can reduce the condition number of RSSPs, improve the insensitivity, and further improve the accuracy of the multi-DOF shaker.