Most vibration-driven robots are designed based on asymmetrical structure or asymmetrical friction coefficient, which limit their applications. This investigation is aimed to study the bi-directional motion characteristic of a vibration-driven robot excited by the dielectric elastomer actuator without asymmetric friction, and can move in both directions. The electromechanical coupling dynamic model of the vibration-driven robot excited by the dielectric elastomer is established. The obtained results reveal the bi-directional driving mechanism of the vibration-driven system under the isotropic friction environment, and explain the role of the nonlinear behaviors of the planar anti-stretching dielectric elastomer actuators. First, the anti-stretching dielectric elastomer actuator is characterized, and the working principles of the robots excited by planar anti-stretching dielectric elastomer actuators are carefully examined. On this basis, the dynamic equations of the anti-stretching dielectric elastomer actuator and the locomotion robot are analyzed via the numerical solution, and the influence laws of various parameters of the robot are displayed. Finally, an experimental test system is established to verify the dynamic performance of the vibration-driven robot excited by the anti-stretching dielectric elastomer actuator. It is found that by utilizing the nonlinear characteristics of the material itself, the vibration-driven robot excited by dielectric elastomer can realize bi-directional motion under the isotropic friction environment. The proposed method can greatly simplify the design of vibration-driven robots, thereby expanding the application of soft materials in the field of vibration utilization.

This investigation is aimed to propose a vibration-driven friction-induced robot structure with time-varying stiffness. Different from the common vibration-driven robots with force excitation, a vibration-driven robot with sinusoidal stiffness excitation is proposed for the first time. The obtained results reveal the nonlinear driving mechanism of the vibration-driven system under the coupling action of time-varying stiffness and large defor-mation. First, the dynamic model of a vibration-driven robot excited by the periodic stiffness variation is introduced, and the equations of motion of the robot are discussed. On this basis, the dynamic response of the robot is evaluated via the incremental harmonic balance method, and the effects of the load mass and stiffness are methodically examined and discussed. Finally, an experimental test system based on the dielectric elastomer actuator is established to verify the dynamic performance of the vibration-driven robot excited by the periodic stiffness change. It is found that compared with the common vibration-driven robots, the vibration-driven robot with sinusoidal stiffness excitation can move in both directions avoiding anisotropic friction construction or cumbersome input waveform selection, by controlling the frequency of the input waveform. The result expands the application of the intellectual structure in the field of vibration-driven robots.

目的 在非复杂成人受试者中,评价国产Ⅲ型便携式睡眠呼吸监测仪诊断阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)的准确性.方法 研究共纳入121例疑患OSA、且无严重基础疾病的非复杂成年人,研究对象在睡眠实验室同步完成Ⅰ型(Philips Respironics,Alice 5/6)及Ⅲ型(怡和嘉业,PolyWatch YH-600B)睡眠呼吸监测.利用Pearson相关性分析、Bland-Altman一致性分析、Kendall相关系数、Kappa值等统计方法,评价两者监测结果的一致性.结果 基于Ⅲ型监测仪判读的呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)与Ⅰ型监测结果相关性佳(r=0.904,P<0.001),但显著低于Ⅰ型监测结果(28.1次/h vs 37.2次/h,P<0.01),做Bland-Altman图分析,AHI之间差值为(4.50±11.85)次/h,一致性界限为-18.73～27.72.区分OSA严重程度时(无、轻度、中度、重度),Kendall相关系数为0.925,一致性检验Kappa值为0.831,均提示诊断结果具有较好一致性.诊断中-重度OSA时,III型监测仪的敏感度93.9％,特异度93.2％,阳性似然比13.81,受试者工作特征曲线下面积为0.925.结论 在非复杂成人受试者中,国产Ⅲ型便携式睡眠呼吸监测仪PolyWatch诊断OSA、尤其是中重度OSA时具有较好准确性,具有一定的临床应用价值.但同其他Ⅲ型设备一样,其倾向于低估OSA病情.

Purpose: Misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is common because polysomnography (PSG) is time-consuming, expensive, and uncomfortable. The use of recording methods based on the oxygen saturation (SpO2) signals detected by wearable devices is impractical and inaccurate for extracting signal features and detecting apnoeic events. We propose a method to automatically detect the apnoea-based SpO2 signal segments and compute the apnoea-hypopnea index (AHI) for SDB screening and grading. Patients and Methods: First, apnoea-related desaturation segments in raw SpO2 signals were detected; global features were extracted from whole night signals. Then, the SpO2 signal segments and global features were fed into a bi-directional long shortterm memory convolutional neural network model to identify apnoea-related and non-apnoea-related events. The apnoea-related segments were used to assess the AHI. Results: The model was trained on 500 individuals and tested on 8131 individuals from two public hospitals and one private centre. In the testing data, the classification accuracy for apnoea-related segments was 84.3%. Individuals with SDB (AHI ??? 15) were identified with a mean accuracy of 88.95%. Conclusion: Using automatic SDB detection based on SpO2 signals can accurately screen for SDB.

Rationale: Previous genetic studies of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have limitations in terms of precise case definition, integrated quantitative traits, and interpretation of genetic functions; thus, the heritability of OSA remains poorly explained. Objectives: To identify novel genetic variants associated with OSA and objective sleep-related traits and to explore their functional roles. Methods: A genome-wide association study was performed in 20,590 Han Chinese individuals (5,438 OSA and 15,152 control samples). Human samples and point mutation knockin mice were used for follow-up investigation of gene functions. Measurements and Main Results: Two characteristic studywide significant loci (P, 2.6331029) for OSA were identified: the PACRG intronic variant rs6455893 on 6q26 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.39-1.89; P = 6.98310210) and the missense variant rs3746804 (p.Pro267Leu) in the riboflavin transporter SLC52A3 on 20p13 (OR = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.79-0.88; P = 7.57310210). In addition, 18 genome-wide significant loci associated with quantitative OSA and objective sleep-related traits were identified, 5 of which exceeded the study-wide significance threshold. Rs3746804 was associated with elevated serum riboflavin concentrations, and the corresponding mutation in mice increased riboflavin concentrations, suggesting that this variant may facilitate riboflavin uptake and riboflavin-dependent physiological activity. Conclusions: We identified several novel genome-wide significant loci associated with OSA and objective sleep-related traits. Our findings provide insight into the genetic architecture of OSA and suggest that SLC52A3 might be a therapeutic target, whereas riboflavin might be a therapeutic agent.

In this paper, a vibration-driven friction-induced robot structure with time-varying stiffness is proposed. The vibration-driven robot uses sinusoidal stiffness as the excitation source. This paper reveals the nonlinear driving mechanism of the vibration-driven system under the coupling action of time-varying stiffness and large deformation. Firstly, the dynamic model of a vibration-driven robot excited by the periodic change of stiffness is introduced, and the motion principle of the robot is discussed. On this basis, the dynamic response of the robot is calculated using the incremental harmonic balance method, and the effects of load mass, stiffness, friction coefficient, and pre- deformation are discussed. Finally, an experimental test system based on the dielectric elastomer actuator (DEA) is established to verify the dynamic performance of the vibration-driven robot excited by the periodic change of stiffness. The vibration-driven robot can realize forward and reverse walking in the isotropic friction environment by only controlling the frequency of the input waveform inputting a simple sinusoidal waveform.

Background: Cardiac autonomic dysfunction (CAD) is a common pathology in cardiovascular diseases; however, the role of glycolipid metabolic disorders in CAD development in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) remains poorly understood. Methods: In total, 4152 patients with suspected OSA were recruited in our sleep center. Metabolic characteristics including anthropometric and glycolipid data were collected. Heart rate variability (HRV) was measured to assess the risk of CAD; its dose-response relationship with OSA severity was evaluated via restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis. A segmented multivariate linear regression (SMLR) model was used to evaluate the roles of metabolic variables in different stages of OSA. Results: The RCS showed that CAD risk increased in a nonlinear relationship pattern with OSA severity, from slow fluctuation at earlier stages to rapid change in later stages. After integrating the clinical definition and RCS selected knots, we obtained the new four OSA severity stages. SMLR model showed that the overall value of glycolipid variables for prediction of HRV abnormalities was greater than the value of OSA variables at earlier stages, while OSA variables were more effective predictors in more severe stages. The discordance in respective relationship of HRV with metabolic and OSA variables sheds the light how metabolic disorders promoted the development of CAD in OSA, the later further in turn deteriorates cardiac function. Conclusion: These results are indicative of stage-specific involvement of glycolipid metabolic factors underlying CAD nonlinear changes in patients with OSA. Early control glycolipid disorders may help the control of CAD development in patients with OSA.

To explore the main risk factors for non-positional obstructive sleep apnea (NPOSA). A total of 560 patients with obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) were divided into non-positional obstructive sleep apnea (NPOSA) and positional obstructive sleep apnea (POSA) groups. All patients were assessed by the Friedman staging system and anthropometry before overnight polysomnography. Blood tests were performed to determine the fasting blood glucose level and lipid profile. Forward logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the effects of all parameters on positional dependency. The study sample consisted of 318 NPOSA patients and 242 POSA patients (88% and 85% were men, respectively). The mean apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) was 57.0 events/h in the NPOSA group, compared with 25.7 events/h in the POSA group. The POSA group had a significantly smaller neck circumference (NC), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), lower body mass index (BMI), AHI, fasting blood glucose, and apolipoprotein-B (apoB) levels than did the NPOSA group (all, P < 0.01). The minimal nocturnal oxyhemoglobin saturation (minSpO2) and apoB/apoA ratio were higher in the POSA group than in the NPOSA group (both, P < 0.001). The AHI, minSpO2, WC, and fasting blood glucose level were included in the logistic regression models. The AHI, WC, minSpO2, and fasting blood glucose level are the main independent risk factors for NPOSA.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most malignant cancers, and its incidence is still steadily increasing. The DDX RNA helicase family members have been found to play a role in various cancers; however, the role of DDX54 in colorectal cancer is still unclear and needed to be defined. Here, we found DDX54 was overexpressed in CRC tissues by the label-free mass spectrum, which was also verified in tissue microarray of colon cancer, as well as the CRC cell lines and TCGA database. High DDX54 level was correlated with tumor stage and distant metastasis, which always indicated a poor prognosis to the CRC patients. DDX54 could promote the proliferation and mobility of CRC cells through increasing the phosphorylation level p65 and AKT leading to the tumorigenesis. Here, we have preliminarily studied the function of DDX54 in CRC, which would improve our understanding of the underlying biology of CRC and provide the new insight that could be translated into novel therapeutic approaches.

This paper describes the design and fabrication of a dielectric elastomer actuator vibration isolator and accompanying hysteresis compensation controller. The results of experiments to elucidate the hysteresis properties and the quality of the vibration isolation are also presented. The model used to characterize the hysteresis properties of the dielectric elastomer actuator is based on the controlled auto-regressive model and employs the recursive least squares method. A closed-loop proportional–integral–derivative controller was developed to compensate the hysteresis and was tuned via the back propagation neural network algorithm. The results demonstrate that the controller can compensate the hysteresis of the dielectric elastomer actuator, and the dielectric elastomer actuator can be used to isolate incoming vibration from the base. When tested using a narrow band vibration in a 5 Hz band, the isolation of the dielectric elastomer actuator vibration isolator was 45.60% across the frequency band.

BACKGROUND:Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with insulin resistance. However, the association between special stages of OSA [rapid eye movement (REM) sleep] and insulin resistance is not clear. This study was designed to assess the association of the frequency of respiratory events during REM sleep with insulin resistance in adults with suspected OSA.METHODS:In this cross-sectional study, 4,062 adult participants with suspected OSA who underwent polysomnography in our sleep center between 2009 and 2016 were screened. Polysomnographic variables, biochemical indicators, and physical measurements were collected. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for insulin resistance as assessed by the presence of hyperinsulinemia, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, the fasting insulin resistance index (FIRI), and Bennett's insulin sensitivity index (ISI).RESULTS:The final analyses included 2,899 adults with suspected OSA. Multivariate adjustments, including the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) during non-REM sleep (AHINREM), were performed. The AHI during REM sleep (AHIREM) was found to be independently associated with insulin resistance across increasing AHIREM quartiles. For hyperinsulinemia the ORs (95% CIs) followed the order of 1.340 (1.022, 1.757), 1.210 (0.882, 1.660), and 1.632 (1.103, 2.416). For abnormal HOMA-IR, ORs (95% CIs) were 1.287 (0.998, 1.661), 1.263 (0.933, 1.711), and 1.556 (1.056, 2.293). For abnormal FIRI, ORs (95% CIs) were 1.386 (1.048, 1.835), 1.317 (0.954, 1.818), and 1.888 (1.269, 2.807). For abnormal Bennett's ISI, ORs (95% CIs) were 1.297 (1.003, 1.678), 1.287 (0.949, 1.747), and 1.663 (1.127, 2.452). All linear trends were statistically significant (P<0.01). Additionally, the results showed that REM sleep duration was independently associated with hyperinsulinemia (OR =0.777, 95% CI: 0.615-0.982; P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS:AHIREM was independently associated with hyperinsulinemia and an abnormal HOMA-IR, FIRI, and Bennett's ISI in adults with suspected OSA. Additionally, REM sleep duration was independently associated with hyperinsulinemia.

Dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs) are an emerging type of soft actuator. When electrostatically actuated the DEA with a step signal, the inherent vibrations may limit their motion accuracy in practical applications. Moreover, increasing the applied voltage reduces the natural frequency of the dielectric elastomer structure, as the electrostatic stress decreases the tension in the DE device. This paper proposes a robust input shaper for a DEA system to eliminate vibration under various applied voltage. To extend the frequency control range of the shaper, an improved zero distribution method is proposed. The zeros are symmetrically distributed in the radial direction of the designed zero of a distributed zero vibration (DZV) shaper. Simulations and experiments are performed to explain the robust control effects of the proposed design method. The step responses of the DEA are conducted at 2, 3 and 4 kV, the vibration attenuations of 27.66, 4.867 and 9.803 dB are achieved, respectively. Meanwhile, the overshoots are eliminated from the step responses. The designed method can pave the way to improve the control accuracy of soft material devices under varying operating conditions. (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier B.V.

Distributed delays have proved beneficial in eliminating vibrations in higher frequency ranges compared to the modeled frequency, but not in improving the robustness against the modeled frequency to modeling errors. In this paper, the extra-insensitive shaper with distributed delays is proposed to improve robustness and efficiency for systems with a large variation of modal frequencies. The extra-insensitive shaper with distributed delays is derived by distributing two zeros in the radial direction of the designed zero of the distributed zero-vibration shaper. Two methods of distributing zeros are provided to parameterize the extra-insensitive shaper with distributed delays. Asymmetric extra-insensitive shaper with distributed delays and symmetric extra-insensitive shaper with distributed delays are two types of the extra-insensitive shaper with distributed delays parameterized by the asymmetric distribution method and the symmetric distribution method. Properties of the Asymmetric extra-insensitive shaper with distributed delays and the symmetric extra-insensitive shaper with distributed delays in spectral, sensitivity and step response are analyzed and compared with those of the classical extra-insensitive shaper and distributed zero-vibration-derivative shaper. The results present larger robustness in variations of modeled and higher frequencies, suppressing the vibration of the modeled mode and unmodeled higher multiple modes to a tolerable level. The implement in the time-varying double-pendulum crane verifies the effectivity for vibration suppress of multi-mode systems.

Introduction We aimed to retrospectively analyze the therapeutic outcomes of using glucocorticoid combined with a vasodilator, breviscapine, versus glucocorticoid alone in patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) and to explore the impact on different audiometric curves. Methods Data from 154 patients were collected between January 2017 and December 2018. Patients received treatments of either glucocorticoid combined with breviscapine (GC + Bre) or glucocorticoid alone (GC). These two groups were stratified into low frequencies SSNHL (LF-SSNHL), high frequencies SSNHL (HF-SSNHL), all frequencies SSNHL (AF-SSNHL), and total deafness SSNHL (TD-SSNHL) subgroups according to their corresponding audiograms. The hearing level was evaluated by pure tone audiometry, and hearing recovery was calculated by comparing the pure tone average (PTA) at pretreatment and 4 weeks after therapy. Results Hearing recovery was significantly greater for GC + Bre than GC-only treatment in the AF-SSNHL and TD-SSNHL subgroups ( P < 0.05) and to a lesser extent in the LF-SSNHL and HF-SSNHL subgroups ( P > 0.05). Logistic regression analysis also showed a favorable outcome for SSNHL in the GC + Bre group (odds ratio 2.848, P < 0.05). Conclusion Treating SSNHL using glucocorticoid combined with breviscapine could be more beneficial than using glucocorticoid alone, especially for patients with AF-SSNHL and TD-SSNHL. Trial Registration Number ChiCTR18000170072

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of exogenous melatonin supplementation for sleep disturbances in patients with middle-aged primary insomnia. Methods: This is a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel study. Participants were recruited from Tianlin community, Xuhui district, Shanghai. Ninety-seven consecutive middle-aged patients with primary insomnia were randomized to receive 3 mg fast-release melatonin (n = 51) or placebo (n = 46) for four-weeks. Objective sleep parameters tested by overnight polysomnography, subjective sleep performance and daytime somnolence obtained from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) were obtained at baseline and after treatment. Treatment was taken daily 1 h before bedtime. Serious adverse events and side-effects were monitored. Results: Melatonin supplementation significantly decreased early wake time [-30.63min (95% CI, -53.92 to -7.34); P = 0.001] and percentage of N2 sleep [-7.07% (95% CI, -13.47% to -0.68%); P = 0.031]. However, melatonin had no significant effect on other objective sleep parameters including sleep latency, sleep efficiency, wake during the sleep and percent of N1, N3 and REM sleep. Melatonin had no effect on insomnia symptoms and severity on the PSQI [1.53(95% CI, -0.55 to 3.61); p = 0.504]; ISI [0.81 (95% CI, -2.27 to 3.88); p = 0.165] and ESS [-0.83 (95% CI, -3.53 to 1.88); p = 0.147]. No serious adverse events were reported. Conclusions: Melatonin supplementation over a four-week period is effective and safe in improving some aspects of objective sleep quality such as total sleep time, percentage of rapid eye movement and early morning wake time in middle-aged patients with insomnia. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Dielectric elastomers are a kind of electroactive polymer and have a great potential for application to soft actuators. Dielectric elastomer materials also feature nonlinear response owing to the electromechanical coupling. In this work, a theoretical dynamic model was developed to characterize the nonlinear performance of a dielectric elastomer actuator used as a vibration isolator. The vibration reduction mechanism of dielectric elastomer structures is theoretically described. An experiment was also performed to validate the model. The experimental results tend to match well with the numerical calculation.

Both obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and decreased serum lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) concentrations are associated with insulin resistance. However, their interaction effect on insulin resistance has never been investigated. Therefore, we performed a cross-sectional study on OSA-suspected Chinese Han participants. Laboratory-based polysomnographic variables, biochemical indicators, anthropometric measurements, and medical history were collected. Linear regression and binary logistic regression analyses with interaction terms were used to investigate the potential effects of the interaction between the severity of OSA (assessed by the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI)) and Lp(a) concentrations on insulin resistance (assessed by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)), after adjusting for potential confounders including age, gender, body mass index, waist-to-hip circumference ratio, mean arterial pressure, smoking status, drinking status, and lipid profiles. A total of 4,152 participants were enrolled. In the OSA-suspected population, AHI positively correlated with insulin resistance and serum Lp(a) concentrations independently and inversely correlated with insulin resistance. In addition, the interaction analysis showed that the linear association between lgAHI and lgHOMA-IR was much steeper and more significant in subjects with relatively low Lp(a) concentrations, suggesting a significant positive interaction between lgLp(a) and lgAHI on lgHOMA-IR (P=0.013). Furthermore, the interaction on a multiplicative scale also demonstrated a significant positive interaction (P=0.044). A stronger association between AHI quartiles and the presence of insulin resistance (defined as HOMA-IR > 3) could be observed for participants within lower Lp(a) quartiles. In conclusion, a significant positive interaction was observed between OSA and decreased Lp(a) with respect to insulin resistance. This association might be relevant to the assessment of metabolic or cardiovascular disease risk in OSA patients.

ObjectivesTo evaluate the association between upper airway surgery and changes of cardiological metabolic biomarkers and the overall cardiovascular risk in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), and to define factors associated with better cardiovascular outcomes.MethodsA total of 161 patients with newly diagnosed OSA who underwent classical or modified uvulopalatopharyngoplasty with or without genioglossus advancement and hyoid suspension were included. The pre‐ and postoperative (at least 6 months later) assessments, including polysomnography, measurement of glucose and lipids, blood pressure, and overall cardiovascular risk (as estimated by Framingham Risk Scores), were compared. We accounted for multiple comparisons with the use of the Benjamini‐Hochberg correction.ResultsThe mean follow‐up time was 2.5 ± 1.9 years. The apnea hypopnea index decreased significantly in the entire cohort (mean changes with 95% confidence intervals were [−25.3 (−29.5, −21.0) events/hour, P < 0.001]. We also noted decreases in the age‐adjusted Framingham Risk Scores [−2.5% (−4.0%, −1.0%), P < 0.001] as well as single cardiometabolic biomarkers, including glucose [−0.50 (−0.70, −0.30) mmol/L, P < 0.001], total cholesterol [−0.46 (−0.65, −0.28) mmol/L, P < 0.001], triglycerides [−0.56, (−0.99, −0.14) mmol/L, P = 0.014], low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol [−0.27, (−0.43, −0.11) mmol/L, P = 0.002], apolipoprotein B [−0.10 (−0.14, −0.07) g/L, P < 0.001], systolic blood pressure [−3.58 (−6.02, −1.14) mmHg, P = 0.007], and diastolic blood pressure [−3.25 (−5.47, −1.02) mmHg, P = 0.008] after surgery. Patients with preoperative metabolic abnormalities exhibited better postoperative risk profiles changes (P < 0.001). In addition, associations were found between Δapolipoprotein B, Δsystolic blood pressure, and improvements in nocturnal oxygen level after surgery.ConclusionOSA‐related upper airway surgery was associated with improvements in cardiological metabolic biomarker levels and the overall cardiovascular risk, especially in patients with both OSA and metabolic disorders. The changes in biomarker levels may be associated with improved oxygen saturation after surgery.Level of Evidence4Laryngoscope, 130:818–824, 2020

Purpose This cross-sectional study was performed to assess the relationship between simple snoring and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Methods A total of 5635 participants including 300 healthy volunteers without snoring allegedly were initially included from 2007 to 2016. Polysomnographic variables, anthropometric measurements, and biochemical indicators were collected. The polynomial linear trend test was used to assess the linear trend across snoring intensity for metabolic score, and logistic regression was used to evaluate the odds ratios (ORs) for MetS after controlling for age, sex, obesity, smoking status, and alcohol consumption. Results The final study population consisted of 866 participants. Simple snorers showed more severe metabolic disorders and higher prevalence of MetS than nonsnorers. A significant linear trend was observed between snoring intensity and metabolic score. Simple snoring was significantly associated with increased odds for MetS among all participants (OR = 2.328, 95% CI: 1.340–4.045) and female participants (OR = 2.382, 95% CI: 1.136–4.994) after multivariable adjustment. With regard to MetS components, simple snoring was significantly associated with increased odds for hypertension (OR = 1.730, 95% CI: 1.130–2.650), abdominal obesity (OR = 1.810, 95% CI: 1.063–3.083), and hyper-triglycerides (TG) (OR = 1.814, 95% CI: 1.097–2.998) among all participants, with hypertension (OR = 3.493, 95% CI: 1.748–6.979) among males and with abdominal obesity (OR = 2.306, 95% CI: 1.245–4.270) and hyper-TG (OR = 2.803, 95% CI: 1.146–6.856) among females after multivariable adjustment. Conclusions After excluding the influence of repeated apnea and hypoxia, simple snoring was still significantly associated with MetS, especially in women. Furthermore, the associations were more obvious for hypertension among males and for abdominal obesity and hyper-TG among females. In addition to OSA, simple snoring also should be valued.