Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer. The “mild” clinical behavior of PTC often leads to underestimation of the complexity of its treatment. Ruminococcus (Rum) is a cancer-related intestinal flora. Further study on its functional mechanism is expected to provide a new direction for microbial targeted therapy of cancer. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of Rum on PTC and its related mechanism. Rum upregulated the mRNA expression level of RBM15 in BCPAP and KTC-1 cells, decreased their cell viability, promoted pyroptotic signaling, and inhibited their invasion and migration, as well as reduced the volume and weight of tumor tissue and aggravated their pathological injuries. Moreover, Rum downregulated MMP2 and MMP9 mRNA and protein expression levels and upregulated IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-18 expression levels, as well as NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1 mRNA and protein expression levels, the m6A methylation content, and the m6A methylation of NLRP3 in vivo and in vitro. In addition, knocking down RBM15 effectively reversed the effects of Rum mentioned above in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, Rum activates the NLRP3/ASC/Caspase-1 axis–mediated pyroptotic signaling in PTC by upregulating RBM15 to increase the N6-methyladenosine methylation modulation of NLRP3, thereby providing a novel strategy and target for the clinical treatment of PTC.

Repeated intramuscular administration of progesterone (PRG) oily injections often causes macrophage-mediated injection-site reactions and pain, limiting patient compliance during long-term therapy. Herein, a PRG-loaded hydroxyethyl starch-coated semi-solid lipid microparticle system (HES-SLM) was developed for low-irritant sustained intramuscular delivery. Oleic acid-grafted HES was synthesized as an emulsifier, and HES-SLM was prepared by melt emulsification using glyceryl monostearate/medium-chain triglycerides as the lipid core, with PEG-SLM as a control. HES-SLM exhibited a uniform spherical morphology, a D50 of 34.36 ± 0.42 μm, low burst release within 2 h (4.17 ± 0.98%), and sustained release for 13 days. Compared with PEG-SLM, HES-SLM significantly reduced macrophage infiltration, inflammatory cytokine expression, collagen deposition, and profibrotic responses at the injection site, thereby improving the local release microenvironment and facilitating PRG transport into systemic circulation. Consequently, HES-SLM markedly increased PRG exposure, with an AUC0-t of 3649.113 ± 1066.590 ng·mL-1·h versus 1751.285 ± 357.668 ng·mL-1·h for PEG-SLM. In immature female rats, HES-SLM also achieved efficacy comparable to marketed PRG oily injection and reduced inflammatory factors and Nav1.8 expression, indicating reduced injection-site pain. This study provides a surface-modified microparticle strategy for sustained, low-irritant intramuscular PRG delivery with reduced dosing frequency.

Thyroid cancer (TC) dedifferentiation contributes to tumor progression, treatment resistance, and poor survival, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Genetic alterations, copy number variations, and epigenetic modifications may contribute to this process. Here, we conducted an integrated analysis to screen for critical molecules involved in TC dedifferentiation, identifying nucleolar and spindle-associated protein 1 (NUSAP1) as a candidate. NUSAP1 is overexpressed in TC and associated with poor prognosis. Upregulation of NUSAP1 enhances TC cell proliferation, migration, and dedifferentiation, evidenced by the suppression of thyroid differentiation genes and the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Mechanistically, branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism is a potential mechanism of dedifferentiation in TC mediated by NUSAP1 through RNA sequencing enrichment analysis. Specifically, NUSAP1 forms a transcriptional complex with bromodomain containing 4 (BRD4), which activates branched-chain amino acid transaminase 1 (BCAT1) transcription and leads to accelerated BCAA catabolism and reduced α-ketoglutarate (α-KG) levels. This metabolic shift increases histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) levels by impairing histone demethylation, thereby suppressing the expression of thyroid differentiation genes. Pharmacologic inhibition of NUSAP1 with entinostat suppresses downstream target levels, suggesting a novel treatment modality. In summary, NUSAP1 promotes dedifferentiation through the BCAT1/α-KG/H3K27me3 axis by forming a transcriptional complex with BRD4, which indicates that NUSAP1 is a potential therapeutic target in TC.

Follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) is a common endocrine malignancy characterized by a higher propensity for invasion and metastasis compared to papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Ephrin type A receptor 5 (EPHA5) is a crucial receptor tyrosine kinase involved in orchestrating diverse physiological processes, including apoptosis and proliferation. However, the mechanism of EPHA5 in FTC remains unclear. This study identified significant overexpression of EPHA5 in FTC. In vitro experiments showed that increased expression of EPHA5 promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in FTC. Furthermore, EPHA5 activates the STAT3 signaling pathway. To explore the interaction between EPHA5 and the STAT3 signaling pathway, we used SH-4-54 (a STAT3-specific inhibitor). Interestingly, the influence of EPHA5 on proliferation and apoptosis was reduced upon combination with SH-4-54. In summary, this study unveils the involvement of the EPHA5-STAT3 signaling pathway in FTC and implies that the function of EPHA5 in FTC may partly depend on the STAT3 signaling pathway.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:Lianhuaqingwen (LH), a traditional Chinese medicine, presents a broad-spectrum antiviral effect and has been widely used to treat influenza. Given the potential rise of drug-resistant influenza viruses, it is necessary to develop new antiviral drugs and explore combination therapies involving LH in tandem with existing antivirals such as Oseltamivir acid (Osel) or Baloxavir (Bal). These multidrug combinations could help effectively control the seasonal influenza epidemics and reduce the disease burden. AIM OF THE STUDY:This study aimed to evaluate the antiviral effects of LH, alone and in combination with Osel or Bal, against human seasonal influenza viruses in vitro and in vivo models. MATERIALS AND METHODS:The antiviral efficacy of LH alone and LH in combination with Osel/Bal against seasonal influenza A viruses (IAVs) (H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes) and influenza B viruses (IBVs) (BV- and BY-lineages) was assessed in vitro using MDCK cells. The median effective concentration (EC50) was determined, and the drug synergies were analyzed. Additionally, the antiviral activity of LH monotherapy and LH + Osel/Bal combination therapy were evaluated in vivo using an H1N1-infected BABL/c mouse model by monitoring changes in body weight, survival rate, lung viral titer, pathological damage, and inflammatory reaction. RESULTS:In vitro, LH alone and in combination with Osel/Bal exhibited antiviral activity against both IAVs and IBVs. The addition of LH to Osel/Bal improved the therapeutic efficacy compared to Osel/Bal alone. In vivo, LH monotherapy reduced body weight loss and increased the survival rates of H1N1-infected mice. LH in combination with Osel/Bal resulted in lower virus titers, more effective relief of pathological damage, and comparable low expression of inflammatory factors in the lungs of H1N1-infected mice compared to the use of Osel/Bal alone. Transcriptomic analysis of the lungs revealed that LH + Osel/Bal significantly increased the expression of genes associated with antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects. CONCLUSIONS:This study evaluated the antiviral effects of LH monotherapy and combination therapy with Osel/Bal against human seasonal influenza viruses in vitro and in vivo models. The results suggest that combining LH with Osel or Bal could enhance the antiviral efficiency for influenza viruses compared to the monotherapy using any of these three drugs.

Background and PurposeEndoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a crucial pathogenic mechanism in alcoholic liver disease (ALD). B-cell receptor-associated protein 31 (BAP31) can regulate ER homeostasis and anti-apoptosis, but the function and regulation of BAP31 in ALD are unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether BAP31 deacetylation by sirtuin 2 could attenuate ER stress and apoptosis during ALD and to explore whether carnosol could alleviate ALD through the sirtuin 2/BAP31 pathway.Experimental ApproachA mouse model of ALD was established by feeding mice with alcoholic liquid chow. In vitro, AML-12 cells were stimulated with alcohol. The therapeutic efficacy of carnosol in protecting mice from ALD pathogenesis was evaluated.Key ResultsTreatment with carnosol protected mice against ALD and attenuated hepatocyte ER stress and apoptosis. Carnosol up-regulated sirtuin 2 expression, and sirtuin 2knockdown abolished the protective effect of carnosol during ALD. Moreover, sirtuin 2 knockdown reduced BAP31 expression. Carnosol-mediated BAP31 up-regulation was abolished upon knockdown of sirtuin 2. Mechanistically, sirtuin 2 selectively regulates the deacetylation of BAP31 at K158.Conclusion and ImplicationsTaken together, the present study shows for the first time that carnosol exerts its protective efficacy through facilitating sirtuin 2-mediated deacetylation of BAP31 at K158 to attenuate hepatocyte ER stress and apoptosis during ALD. These results provide new therapeutic targets and approaches for combating chronic ALD.

BACKGROUND:Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), one of the most frequent chronic liver diseases globally, is characterized by steatosis. HMG-CoA reductase-degrading protein 1 (HRD1) participates in the endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation pathway through the recognition, translocation, and ubiquitination of substrate proteins. HRD1 is implicated in endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress and cell metabolism; however, the function of HRD1 in ALD remains unclear. AIMS:We aimed to explore the contribution and underlying molecular mechanism of HRD1 in alcoholic liver disease. METHODS:Mice were administered adeno-associated virus 9 encoding HRD1- or ACSL3-specific shRNA via intravenous injection, followed by feeding with a Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet containing 5 % ethanol. HepG2 cells were transfected with either HRD1 siRNA or HRD1 overexpression plasmids prior to ethanol exposure. RESULTS:Hepatic HRD1 expression was significantly increased under alcohol conditions. Hepatocyte-specific HRD1 knockdown markedly attenuated alcohol-induced hepatic injury, inflammation, oxidative stress and lipid metabolism disorders in vivo. Additionally, similar results were shown in vitro. Mechanistically, acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 3 (ACSL3), a key regulator known to ameliorate hepatic steatosis, was identified as a novel substrate of HRD1. HRD1 facilitates the ubiquitination and degradation of ACSL3. Interestingly, HRD1 knockdown significantly suppressed fatty acid synthesis and promoted fatty acid oxidation, which was reversed by ACSL3 silencing both in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION:In summary, HRD1 functions as a key mediator of ALD by ubiquitinating ACSL3, thereby promoting lipid dyshomeostasis, and aggravating ALD. Our findings reveal novel mechanistic insights into HRD1 and identify ACSL3 as a new downstream target of HRD1 to facilitate ALD treatment.

Although pirarubicin (THP) was widely used for treatment of lymphoma, systemic toxicity especially cardiotoxicity, still limits its application in cancer therapy. This project designed a new folate functionalized drug delivery system (5%FA-THP-NP) containing poly (2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)-distearoyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PEOz2000-DSPE) and DOTAP for targeted delivery and controlled release of pirarubicin (THP), thus offering a strategy for overcoming the dose-limiting toxicity by facilitating the efficient accumulation of THP in cancer cells and achieving superior anti-lymphoma efficacy. The obtained 5%FA-THP-NP showed an anticipated THP drug loading (DL) reaching 27.39%, had outstanding storage stability, excellent hemocompatibility and presented a pH-responsive drug release performance, achieving a cumulative release of 80.54% due to their disassembly under acidic stimulation (pH 5.5). Studies on Raji lymphoma cells in vitro showed that 5%FA-THP-NP had significant advantages compared to controls, with the highest cell uptake and strongest apoptosis. More importantly, targeted delivery and controlled release of THP with 5%FA-THP-NP exhibited higher anti-lymphoma effect and lower toxicity to normal cells than Free THP. In addition, systemic injection of 5%FA-THP-NP into tumor bearing mice not only showed excellent anti-tumor activities with the tumor inhibition ratio up to 85% via more efficient downregulation of H3K18la and H3K9la than Free THP, but also efficiently reduced the systemic toxicity of THP by encapsulation of THP in the nanoparticles. In conclusion, the targeting nanoparticulate system developed in the current study shows potency as an alternative platform for effectively delivering chemotherapeutic agents to enhance therapeutic efficacy against lymphoma and decrease the systemic toxicity of THP.

[This corrects the article on p. 138 in vol. 16, PMID: 37559682.].

Lignocellulose is an abundant renewable bio-macromolecular complex, which can be used to produce biomethane and other high-value products. The lignin, presents in lignocellulose is typically regarded as an inhibitor of anaerobic digestion. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a novel selective separation strategy to achieve efficient biomethane production and all-component utilization of biomass. Hence, a combination of two-step pretreatment and solid-state anaerobic digestion was employed to enhance the production of biomethane and to generate valuable chemicals from poplar waste. Optimal conditions (4 % acetic acid, 170 °C, and 40 min) resulted in 70.85 % xylan removal, yielding 50.28 % xylo-oligosaccharides. The effect of a strong acid 4-CSA-based novel three-constituent DES on delignification was investigated from 80 °C to 100 °C; the cellulose content of DES pretreated poplar increased from 64.11 % to 80.92 %, and the delignification rate increased from 49.0 % to 90.4 %. However, high delignification of the pretreated poplar (DES-100 and DES-110) led to a rapid accumulation of volatile organic acids during the hydrolysis and acidogenesis stages, resulting in methanogenesis inhibition. The highest biomethane yield of 208 L/kg VS was achieved with DES-80 (49.0 % delignification), representing a 148 % improvement compared over untreated poplar. This approach demonstrates the potential for comprehensive utilization of all components of biomass waste.

Lignin is the most abundant aromatic source of natural products, but developing efficient catalysts to depolymerize it into valuable monophenol with high yield and unique selectivity remains a challenge. Herein, we report a Ru single-atom catalyst (SAC) supported on rod CeO2 with oxygen vacancies (Ov) for the depolymerization of birch dioxane acidolysis lignin (DAL). A near-theoretical maximum monophenol yield (14.8 wt %) with good selectivity to 4-n-propenyl guaiacol (51.4%), as well as high catalyst stability, was achieved. The calculated turnover (TON) was 387 mol(aromatics)/mol(Ru), which is 55x higher than that of the Ru/C catalyst. The possible reaction for this catalyst was proposed by studying a series of lignin model compounds and in situ DRIFT measurements. The mechanism involves the cleavage of C-alpha-OH and C-beta-O bonds to produce coniferyl alcohol, followed by the removal of gamma-OH to generate 4-n-propenyl guaiacol. The effects of some key parameters like solvent, Ru content, temperature, reaction time, and H-2 pressure were also investigated in terms of monophenol yields and average molecular weight. This work provides an economically feasible method for the depolymerization of lignin into highly valuable monophenols.

Background:Few studies showed that mixed type early gastric cancer (EGC) relates to higher risk of lymph node metastasis. We aimed to explore the clinicopathological feature of GC according to different proportions of undifferentiated components (PUC) and develop a nomogram to predict status of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in EGC lesions. Methods:Clinicopathological data of the 4,375 patients who underwent surgically resection for gastric cancer in our center were retrospectively evaluated and finally 626 cases were included. We classified mixed type lesions into five groups (M1:0% < PUC ≤ 20%, M2:20% 0.05). Conclusion:PUC level should be considered as one of the predicting risk factors of LNM in EGC. A nomogram that predicts the risk of LNM in EGC was developed.

Follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) is a highly aggressive type of endocrine malignancy. It is necessary to investigate the mechanisms of tumorigenesis and therapeutic pathways in patients with FTC. Haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1) can regulate oxidative stress and the occurrence of tumors and diseases. In this study, we discovered that HO-1 was abnormally overexpressed in FTC compared with adjacent tissues. However, the HO-1 overexpression was demonstrated to decrease cell viability and to potentially activate the ferroptosis signalling pathway. Ferroptosis is a newly identified form of oxidative cell death and is currently being targeted as a new cancer treatment. Tumorigenesis is significantly inhibited by curcumin. The present study shows that curcumin inhibits the growth of FTC by increasing the HO-1 expression, further activating the ferroptosis pathway. This study demonstrates that the HO-1-ferroptosis signalling pathway might play an important role in FTC tumorigenesis, and that curcumin inhibits the growth of FTC cells by affecting this pathway.

OBJECTIVE Whether there is a correlation between zinc-finger E-box-binding homolog 1 (ZEB1) and Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) with clinical outcome in gliomas remains unclear. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the effects of ZEB1 and YAP1 on the prognosis of human gliomas and its relationship with the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) gene state. METHODS Immunohistochemical staining was used to record the expression levels of ZEB1, YAP1, and p-YAP1 in 122 cases of low-grade glioma (LGGs) and 69 cases of glioblastoma (GBMs). The correlations of ZEB1 and YAP1 with pathological data were determined by Pearson's Chi-square test. Spearman correlation analysis was then used for analyzing the relationship among YAP1, ZEB1, and IDH1 gene status. The effects of ZEB1 and YAP1 on prognosis were investigated through survival analysis. RESULTS We detected high ZEB1 expression levels in 29 LGGs (23.8%) and 39 GBMs (56.5%), and high YAP1 expression levels in 22 LGGs (18.0%) and 44 of GBM (63.8%). These results revealed that the protein expression levels of ZEB1 and YAP1 were higher in GBM (P < 0.001). There was a significantly positive correlation between ZEB1 and YAP1 (P < 0.001; r = 0.533). High ZEB1 expression was related to tumor grade (P < 0.001) and Ki-67 (P = 0.0037). YAP1 overexpression was correlated with Ki-67 (P < 0.001), P53 (P = 0.009), tumor grade (P < 0.001), and tumor location (P = 0.018). Patients with ZEB1 and YAP1 high expression had worse overall survival (OS) (P < 0.001). The multivariate analysis showed that YAP1 was an independent prognostic factor for OS. In the LGG group, worse OS were observed in glioma patients with elevated YAP1 expression level. Spearman correlation analysis revealed no association between ZEB1 expression and IDH1 state (P = 0.360; r = -0.084), and YAP1 expression had a negative correlation with IDH1 mutation (P < 0.001, r = -0.364). CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that ZEB1 and YAP1 were significantly activated in GBM, and patients with high ZEB1 and YAP1 expression had worse OS. ZEB1 expression was significantly correlated with YAP1 in glioma. ZEB1 and YAP1 coexpression may serve as a useful prognostic biomarker for glioma, and aberrant YAP1 expression may be associated with IDH1 gene state.

Minor flavonoids, such as isoquercitin, icariin and icariside II, have desired bioactivity and bioavailability. To enhance the production efficiency on converting rutin and epimedin C into minor flavonoids, a novel GH family 78 α-l-rhamnosidase PodoRha from the Paenibacillus odorifer was cloned and heterologous over-expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3). PodoRha exhibited a high catalytic ability in cleaving outer α-1, 2-rhamnopyranosyl moieties of epimedin C and α-1, 6- rhamnopyranosyl of rutin. It displayed the highest activity at 45 °C and pH 6.5, and has great thermostability at 40 °C. Under the optimal transformation condition (40 °C, pH 6.5, 1 h incubation), 10 g/L of Rutin was 99.86% transformed into 6.95 g/L of isoquercitin by PodoRha with a crude productivity of 6.95 g·L-1·h-1; 1.964 g/L icariin was detected after the epimedin C of the total Epimedium flavonoids (10 g/L) were 99.98% converted by PodoRha. Moreover, by using a two-stage conversion system with a crude icariside II productivity of 2.081 g·L-1·h-1, 5 g/L epimedin C was 99.85% converted into 3.122 g/L of icariside II with 1 h incubation under pH 6.5 at 40 °C after addition of 5.5 U/mL PodoRha; then with 30 min incubation under pH 6.5 at 90 °C after addition of 0.8 U/mL IagBgl1.

The identification and preservation of parathyroid glands (PGs) during thyroid surgery can be challenging. Many techniques have been developed to help surgeons find PGs. We have developed a novel mitoxantrone hydrochloride injection that can be used for lymphatic targeting. After local application during surgery, mitoxantrone hydrochloride injection for tracing (MHI) helps surgeons better identify and preserve PGs and helps pathologists find more lymph nodes. We conducted an open-label, multicenter, randomized clinical trial (CTR20171137) in six centers in China from 08/2017 to 12/2018. Patients with thyroid carcinoma were randomized to the MHI group or the control group. All patients received total thyroidectomy and bilateral central compartment lymph node dissection. The primary outcomes were the PG resection rate and lymph node staining rate. The full analysis set (FAS) included 461 patients, of which 228 were assigned to the MHI group, and 233 were assigned to the control group. The PG resection rates of the MHI group and the control group were 6.6% (15/228) and 26.6% (62/233), respectively, with a significant difference (P < 0.001). No PGs were stained blue with MHI. The central lymph nodes were stained blue with MHI, and the staining rate was 90.5%±12.0%. More lymph nodes were detected in the MHI group than in the control group (13.0±7.3 vs. 10.1±6.4 nodes/patient, P < 0.001). No adverse events related to MHI were observed. MHI is a safe and effective tracer that may help to preserve PGs and identify more central lymph nodes in patients with thyroid cancer.

目的 研究夏枯草治疗自身免疫性甲状腺炎(AIT)的药理作用机制.方法 通过中草药系统药理学平台(TCMSP)筛选药物有效成分及相关作用靶点,用GeneCards数据库筛选疾病相关作用靶点,用Cytoscape软件构建药物有效成分及靶点的作用网络图,将获得的靶点进行蛋白互作网络分析(PPI),交集蛋白功能(GO)及生物通路分析(KEGG).结果 筛选出夏枯草中木犀草素、槲皮素等10个有效成分,作用于AIT的79个相关靶基因,得到91个节点,节点相互作用关系241条.富集分析显示,夏枯草可以由多个通路对AIT产生治疗作用.结论 夏枯草可能通过活性成分作用于相关靶点,通过多个网络通路发挥治疗AIT的作用.

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is one of the main causes of death in chronic liver disease. Oxidative stress and pyroptosis are important factors leading to ALD. Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) is a factor that we have confirmed to regulate ALD. As a phenolic acid compound, sinapic acid (SA) has significant effects in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and liver protection. In this study, we explored whether SA regulates oxidative stress and pyroptosis through BRD4 to play a protective effect in ALD. Male C57BL/6 mice and AML-12 cells were used for experiments. We found that SA treatment largely abolished the up-regulation of BRD4 and key proteins of the canonical pyroptosis signalling in the liver of mice fed with alcohol, while conversely enhanced the antioxidant response. Consistantly, both SA pretreatment and BRD4 knockdown inhibited oxidative stress, pyroptosis, and liver cell damage in vitro. More importantly, the expression levels of BRD4 and pyroptosis indicators increased significantly in ALD patients. Molecule docking analysis revealed a potent binding of SA with BRD4. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that SA reduces ALD through BRD4, which is a valuable lead compound that prevents the ALD process.

为提高黄酮糖苷类化合物酶法转化的效率,降低酶使用成本,对重组耐热β-葡萄糖苷酶的固定化条件进行了研究,比较了固定化酶和游离酶的酶学性质差异,同时研究了固定化酶转化3种黄酮糖苷的时效曲线及转化效率.结果 表明:重组耐热β-葡萄糖苷酶的固定化最优条件为在pH值6.0,室温条件下,酶活力2 U/mL,海藻酸钠质量分数1.5％,氯化钙质量分数2.5％,戊二醛质量分数1.25％,颗粒硬化时间2.5h,此条件下固定化酶颗粒的酶活力为0.64 U/mg,酶固定化率可达62.5％.固定化酶较游离酶具有更优的酸碱稳定性和热稳定性,且重复使用20次后仍具有55％以上的残余酶活力.固定化酶能够高效定向转化异槲皮素、大豆苷以及淫羊藿次苷I等3种黄酮糖苷,生成活性更强的黄酮苷元槲皮素、大豆苷元和淫羊藿素,其摩尔转化率分别为99.37％、97.21％和97.93％,产率分别为0.776、1.091和0.714 g/(L·h).

Background Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is a rare malignancy, the incidence of which is less than 1/1 million per year. Sarcomatoid parathyroid carcinoma (SaPC) is an extremely peculiar subtype; only three cases have been reported internationally. It consists of both malignant epithelial components and sarcomatoid components (mesenchymal origin) simultaneously. This “confusing” cancer exhibits higher invasiveness, and traditional surgery does not appear to achieve the expectation, which differs significantly from that of general PC. Objective To characterize the clinicopathologic features of SaPC and explore similarities and differences between SaPC and general PC. Materials and Methods We collected clinical data of SaPC cases from our center and literature. The SaPC case in our center was presented. To better understand the characteristics of SaPC, we also reviewed clinical information in general PC cases from our center and literature within the last 5 years, and a systematic review was performed for further comparison. Results A 60-year-old woman was admitted for a neck mass and hoarseness. After the surgery, she was confirmed as SaPC and ultimately developed local recurrence at 3 months. Together with the reported cases from literature, four cases of SaPC (three cases from literature) and 203 cases of general PC (200 cases from literature) were reviewed. Both tumors showed obvious abnormalities in parathormone (PTH) level and gland size. Compared to general PC, SaPC has a later age of onset (60.50 ± 7.42 vs. 51.50 ± 8.29), relatively low levels of PTH (110.28 ± 59.32 vs. 1,156.07 ± 858.18), and a larger tumor size (6.00 ± 1.63 vs. 3.14 ± 0.70). For SaPC, all four cases were initially misdiagnosed as thyroid tumors (4/4). Spindle cell areas or transitional zones were common pathological features in SaPC cases (3/4). Conclusion SaPC is a very rare pathologic subtype of PC and appears to be much more easily misdiagnosed as a thyroid tumor. Spindle cell areas or transitional zones are highly possible to be pathological features in its sarcomatoid components. Despite many similarities, there are some differences between SaPC and general PC—SaPC does not show the obvious endocrine feature but stronger aggressiveness. Surgical treatment of SaPC does relieve life-threatening symptoms and improve quality of life even with recurrence in the short term.