Obtaining reliable calculation ratios for determining specific heat capacity is necessary when creating equipment and in technological processes. The study obtained experimental data on the temperature dependences of the specific heat capacity of unrefined edible vegetable oils in the temperature range from 40 °C to 140 °C. Calculation ratios were formed to determine the temperature dependence of the specific heat capacity of various groups of vegetable oils. The presented results can be used not only in oil and fat production, but also for solving other scientific and technical problems.

Rus Sineması: Çok Kısa Bir Tarihçe

Based on content analysis (in the context of the historical, socio-cultural and political situation, etc.) of texts published during the "stagnant" period of the Soviet Screen magazine (1969-1985), the authors came to the following conclusions. Of the wide range of Hollywood and British films, Soviet film distribution in the period we analyzed included mainly films with an acute social message, critically showing Western realities. Therefore, it is not at all surprising that these films received maximum support in the Soviet Screen; articles by Soviet film critics emphasized the "progressive anti -bourgeois significance" of these films. It is very significant that, even when reviewing American films, which seemed to be completely far from politics, the reviewers of Soviet Screen demonstrated ideological approaches. Of course, among the reviews of American and British films in Soviet Screen, there also appeared texts that were devoid of a direct appeal to politics. "Apoliticalism" was especially evident in reviews devoted to film adaptations of classical works, which often took place in the 19th century and earlier. Frankly entertaining Hollywood and British films were released into Soviet distribution in the 1970s and the first half of the 1980s quite rarely. And here, Soviet Screen reviewers often sought to distance themselves from edifying political and ideological assessments, concentrating on a professional analysis of the artistic quality of this or that entertaining film. In Italian and French cinema, the Soviet Screen consistently gave preference to political films that "expose capitalist reality." Of course, Soviet Screen, as before, could not ignore the works of Federico Fellini, Luchino Visconti, Michelangelo Antonioni, Francois Truffaut and other outstanding masters of cinema. But here, too, the magazine's reviewers assessed their work mainly within the framework of Marxist ideological principles, on the basis of which even the films of such recognized masters as Federico Fellini were criticized. The sharp rejection of Soviet Screen reviewers was often caused by entertainment films with the participation of Jean -Paul Belmondo, which were reproached for promoting "supermanhood" and violence. The Soviet Screen's reviews of famous French and Italian comedies were more benevolent, but overall rather skeptical. Of course, the range of Western films, for one reason or another, did not reach the Soviet mass audience, was much wider than film distribution. And year after year, the editors of the magazine selected examples for criticism of bourgeois society and imperialism: films of an anti communist and anti-Soviet orientation, as well as films "glorifying the American military" and "whitewashing the Nazis." The openly entertaining part of Western film production has traditionally been viewed by the magazine mainly in a sharply negative light. Soviet Screen did not ignore the topic of film sex, popular in the West in the 1970s. Of course, articles were published about films of this kind, condemning the "decomposition of the morals of bourgeois society." In articles in Soviet Screen about international film festivals and the current repertoire of Western national cinemas and weeks of foreign cinema in the USSR, there was also a clear division of Western cinema into "progressive" and "bourgeois".

The Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation (ILCL) is the only scientific legal institution in Russia that has been conducting crosssectoral research on issues of criminal liability of legal entities for many years. In the context of the scientific and legal assessment of corporate criminal liability, the author examines the works of scientists of the Institute published in the Soviet and post-Soviet periods of the development of domestic jurisprudence. The article describes the research of international documents containing recommendations on the introduction of criminal liability of legal entities, as well as provides models of this kind of liability in the legislation of some foreign countries. The features of the responsibility of legal entities for certain types of crimes, such as corruption, economic and entrepreneurial orientation, are revealed. The purpose of the study is to analyze the formation and development of scientific ideas about the criminal liability of legal entities in their relationship with changing socio-economic relations and political processes in society, to identify on this basis trends in the development of corporate criminal liability and to predict possible options for the implementation of this institution in Russian criminal legislation. The methodological basis of the research is the dialectical method of cognition, general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis and abstraction, and special legal methods. The results obtained and the main conclusions. In the works of scientists of the Institute, the nature and types of criminal liability of legal entities, on the one hand, are considered from the point of view of historical retrospect, on the other hand, they are revealed as a direction of development of criminal legislation, which has experimental models of approbation in the jurisdictions of many foreign countries. The essence of the institution of criminal liability of legal entities is to apply sanctions to these entities in criminal procedure for committing acts provided for by national criminal codes or other laws. At the same time, legal entities can be recognized as subjects of a crime, and only as subjects of criminal liability. In turn, sanctions for them can be both criminal penalties and other measures of a criminal nature. The legislative consolidation of such responsibility in Russian law will not require fundamental changes in it. The doctrinal foundation for substantiating the relevant legislative decisions is the works of scientists from the ILCL.

Within the framework of linear stability theory, a simple non-stationary boundary condition is developed to simulate the far-field asymptotic behavior of linear wave packets propagating in a compressible boundary layer. This condition allows us to skip the linear stage of instability evolution in direct numerical simulations (DNS) of laminar-turbulent transition. It is also suggested to perform numerical simulations of the linear stage without recalculating the Jacobi matrix in the Newton iteration procedure. Robustness and efficiency of the both approaches are evaluated by computations of the first-mode wave packet propagating in the boundary layer on a flat plate at freestream Mach number 2. DNS of the nonlinear stage show that the wave packet quickly breaks down into a turbulent spot, if its hump amplitude is u ' max >= 0.1U infinity. This confirms an amplitude nature of the transition onset criterion. The spectral analysis indicates that the breakdown mechanism differs from the oblique, fundamental or subharmonic resonance and requires additional studies.

Context. The authors of the article have developed a new mathematical model that allows taking into account frequency and phase distortions that occur in a three-fragment signal during the transition from one fragment to another, when the rate of frequency modulation of the signal changes. The object of research is the process of formation and processing of radar non-linear frequency modulation signals. Objective. The purpose of the work is to develop and research a mathematical model of current time for a signal with non-linear frequency modulation, which consists of three linear frequency modulated fragments. Method. The article provides a theoretical justification of the need to develop a mathematical model in the current time for a three-fragment signal with non-linear frequency modulation, capacity for work of the created model is demonstrated on the example of several radio signals that differ in frequency parameters. With the same signal parameters, the obtained results were compared with the results of the known model, for which known methods of spectral and correlation analysis were used. A distinctive feature of the proposed model is the consideration of jumps in the instantaneous frequency and phase of the signal that occur during the transition from one linear-frequency modulated fragment to the next. Such jump-like changes in frequency and phase in known models of signals with non-linear frequency modulation are not compensated for, which causes distortion of their spectra and an increase the side lobes level of auto-correlation (mutual-correlation) functions. Results. A comparative check of the developed and known signal models indicates a decrease the side lobes level of the autocorrelation function by 3 dB or more, depending on the given frequency-time parameters. Conclusions. The application of the proposed mathematical model makes it possible to form and process radar signals, which include three linear-frequency modulated fragments. Compensation of jump-like changes in frequency and phase leads to a decrease in the degree of distortion of the spectrum and, as a result, an increase in its effective width, which ensures a narrowing of the main lobe and a decrease the side lobes level of the auto-correlation function.

Впервые методом 3D-печати получены образцы сетчатых сцинтилляционных керамических элементов сложной формы на основе граната Gd 3 Al 2 Ga 3 O 12 :Ce для использования в сцинтилляционных проточных детекторах α-, β- и γ-излучения в газообразных и жидких средах. Описан способ их получения, представлены результаты измерений выхода сцинтилляций при облучении α-частицами образцов керамических элементов, предложены пути улучшения их сцинтилляционных характеристик. Рассмотрена возможность их применения в негомогенных проточных сцинтилляционных ячейках, используемых в высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии. Отмечаются уникальные возможности технологии 3D-печати при создании детекторных элементов сложной формы с оптимизированной эффективностью.

Quality control of multilayer composite coatings of modern aircraft products is an urgent task. The purpose of this work is to substantiate the possibility of using the ultrasonic echo method for quality control of multilayer composite coatings. The objectives of this work are to compare two methods of ultrasonic testing-with piezoelectric and optoacoustic generation of acoustic vibrations-on experimental samples of multilayer composite coatings. The experimental study was carried out on samples with one-, two-and three-layer coatings with artificial defects on a metal substrate and a substrate made of polymer composite materials. It is established that the ultrasound echo method with piezoelectric and optoacoustic generation of acoustic vibrations allows detecting stratifications in the coating and between the coating and the substrate, and measuring the total thickness of coatings. The ultrasonic method with optical-acoustic generation also resolves the interface between layers of a multi-layer coating, which also allows us to estimate the thickness of individual layers in a multi-layer coating.

This paper considers the issue of developing an algorithm for calculating the parameters of the primary transducer based on the magnetic induction method with differential inductors. A general algorithm for calculating the primary transducer and, in particular, the geometric parameters of the inductor and indenter has been developed.

In the paper (Theoret Comput Fluid Dyn 36:705–722, 2022), we analyzed acoustic receptivity of the boundary layer on a flat plate in Mach 6 flow at various angles of attack (AoA). It was shown that slow and fast acoustic waves passing through: a bow shock at AoA =-5^∘ , a weak shock induced by the viscous–inviscid interaction at AoA =0^∘ , or an expansion fan at AoA = 5^∘ , excite dominant modes F and S in a small vicinity of the plate leading edge. The present paper extends this analysis to the cases of receptivity to entropy and vorticity waves. Similar to the case of acoustic receptivity, modes F and S of about equal amplitude are excited in a small vicinity of the plate leading edge. These modes propagate downstream in accord with the two-mode approximation model accounting for the mean-flow nonparallel effects and the intermodal exchange mechanism. Cross-comparisons of the initial amplitudes of excited modes help to evaluate the relative role of acoustic, entropy and vorticity waves in the second-mode dominated transition.

Theoretical assessments of the crossflow (CF) stabilization due to flow slip produced by small grooves on a swept supersonic wing are performed using the linear theory for inviscid flow, the local similar approximation of the boundary layer flow, the slip boundary conditions on the grooved surface and the linear stability theory. The e^N computations for stationary CF mode predict that spanwise-invariant grooves with their half-period equal to 0.25 of the boundary-layer displacement thickness can delay the CF-induced transition onset by about 10 30^∘ swept wing having a parabolic airfoil of 5

The objects of the study are 13 varieties and species of the genus Hydrangea L, which were planted in the collection of the Department of Plant Introduction and Acclimatization, UdmFRC, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Izhevsk, in 2017. Representatives of the genus Hydrangea are ornamental flowering shrubs. Due to insufficient knowledge of bioecological features, species and varieties of representatives of the genus Hydrangea in the Middle Cis-Urals are still rarely used. The aim of the research is to study the bioecological features of new for the region species and varieties of representatives of the genus Hydrangea for the prospects of introduction in the conditions of the Middle Urals. The paper presents the results of phenological observations in the period 2019-2021. according to the main phase for flowering shrubs - the beginning and end of flowering. During the years of research, anomalous periods for the development of plants were revealed during the growing season in the conditions of the Middle Urals and their influence on the flowering of the plants under study. Moisture deficiency during the growing season has a negative effect on the development of plants and on the quality of flowering. An important property for flowering shrubs is the duration of flowering. The longest total flowering over three years of observations is more than 300 days for H. paniculata “Weems Red”, H.petiolaris “Petiolaris”, H.arborescens “Anabel”. According to the results of studies (2019-2021), as promising (I, II group) for green building in the cities of the Middle Urals, 8 representatives of the genus Hydrangea were identified, who scored more than 75 points according to the integral assessment of the prospects for introduction and have good decorative effect: H paniculata “Lime Light”, “Pinky Winky”, “Diamond Runge”, “Weems Red”, “Vanilla Fries”; H. serrata “Bluebird”; H. arborescens; H.petiolaris “Petiolaris”.

The theoretical foundations of the dynamic indentation method for assessing the mechanical characteristics of a material are presented. Computer simulations were performed using the Solid Mechanics, AC/DC, and Moving Mesh interfaces in the Comsol Multiphysics software. When modeling the process of registering the motion of an indenter in the course of contact-impact interaction, a primary transducer with a differential circuit for switching on inductors was taken as the basis, which implements the magnetic induction method and the elastic-plastic model of the deformation of the test object. The obtained results were processed, conclusions were drawn about the efficiency of the model, ways of further optimization of the model were proposed, and goals for future research were formulated.

This research paper considers the possibility of using an acoustic emission control method in the process of direct laser melting to determine the moment of the development of cracking in the samples being melted under incorrectly selected melting modes. After the samples were made, their metallography was carried out, confirming the presence of defects in one of the samples. The data obtained during post-processing of acoustic emission signals were also compared with the results of metallographic analysis.

The subject of Western cinema on the pages of the Soviet Screen magazine in 1925-1927 was extensive and varied. Due to rather significant creative freedoms in the Soviet Screen in 1925-1927, photographs of Western movie stars (including photos on the covers of magazines), rather neutral or even positive biographies of Hollywood and European actors and directors, notes on filming and film distribution, reviews of Western films, etc. were widely published in 1925-1927. Although, of course, there were also ideologically biased materials on the pages of this magazine. Based on the analysis (in the context of the historical, socio-cultural and political situation, etc.) of the first years of the existence of the Soviet Screen magazine (1925-1927), the authors came to the conclusion that materials on Western cinema during this period can be divided into the following types: -ideologized articles emphasizing criticism of bourgeois cinema and its harmful influence on the audience (this included materials on censorship and perception of Western films by the Soviet public); -biographies and creative portraits of Western actors and directors (often neutrally or positively evaluating these filmmakers); -reviews of Western films (often positive); -reviews of Western national cinematographies (here, as a rule, criticism of bourgeois cinematography was combined with a positive assessment of works and trends ideologically acceptable to the USSR); -articles about Western newsreels (with approaches similar to reviews of national cinemas); -articles about foreign film technology, studios and cinemas (as a rule, ideologically neutral, containing calls to adopt technically advanced Western experience, in particular, sound film technology); -short informational materials about events in foreign cinema, about everyday details of the life of movie stars.

At the beginning of the twenty-first century, the editors of Cinema Art apparently realized that the attempts to transform the magazine into a socio-political one, made at the end of the "perestroika" era and in the 1990s, had not yielded the expected dividends. As a result, the journal returned to the format of a cinematic publication. Hence the increase in the number of theoretical articles on cinema, which in the 21st century averaged eighteen a year. Daniil Dondurey (1947-2017), who directed Cinema Art until 2017, maintained the journal's course towards a sociological understanding of the media process, while attracting leading authors in the field. The film critic Anton Dolin, who replaced him in the second half of 2017, on the one hand re-emphasized political accents and also strengthened passages in the journal texts that opposed the authorities, and on the other hand began to pay much more attention to the genres of mass culture in film. Our analysis of the concepts of film studies (in the context of the socio-cultural, historical, political situation, etc.) in the journal Cinema Art in the 21st century has shown that the theoretical works on cinematic topics in this period can be divided into the following types -Articles, discussions devoted to the analysis of the theoretical heritage of the classics and the history of Soviet cinema (A. Fomenko, N. Izvolov, N. Kleiman, O. Kovalov, E. Maisel, E. Margolit, A. Medvedev, N. Sputnitskaya, V. Shmyrov, A. Shpagin, A. Shcherbenok and others); -Articles attempting to understand the film process from a theoretical point of view (O. Aronson, D. Golynko-Wolfson, E. Maisel, L. Manovich, etc.); -articles devoted to the sociological and cultural problems of cinema, television, and film distribution (O. Berezin, K. Bogoslovskaya, D. Dondurey, D. Golynko-Wolfson, E. Maisel, I. Poluekhtova, K. Razlogov, V. Zvereva, etc.); at the same time, the analysis of the phenomenon of the Internet and virtual reality has become a new theoretical trend of the journal. -theoretical articles on foreign cinema (A. Artyukh, D. Komm, N. Tsyrkun, etc.). In general, Cinema Art in the 21st century, as in the 1990s, offered new interpretations of the history of Soviet and world cinema and tried to find theoretical approaches to the current film process.

The article presents the results of laboratory studies on the treatment of spring wheat seeds of the Svecha variety with a fine suspension based on a metal/carbon nanocomposite of copper (MeC NC Cu). The aim of the research is to identify the fungicidal action and stimulate the growth processes of plants at the initial stage of organogenesis. The experimental results showed that the effect of copper nanocomposite on plants is ambiguous and in some cases contradictory. This nanomaterial at a concentration of 0.1% had a toxic effect on the seeds of Triticum aestivum . The drug at a concentration of 0.005% (by 15.7%) had a weak stimulating, but insignificant, effect on root development. It was revealed that an increase in the concentration of MeC NC Cu has an inhibitory effect on plants: the immune system weakens and the resistance to pathogens of seed infection decreases. Development of Bipolaris sorokiniana Syn . increases by 2.90-3.31%, Alternaria sp . - by 1.94%. With an increase in the concentration of NC to 1.00%, the indicators deteriorate in comparison with the control to 3.06%. Infection of seeds with a fungus of the genus Fusarium was observed in the following variants: MeC NC Cu 0.05% by 54.5%, MeC NC Cu 1.0% by 6.90% with the least significant difference (95%) 1.36. Other fungi are noted in descending order; the degree of damage varied from 4.65% to 7.83% with an increase in the concentration of MeC NC Cu (the least significant difference (95%) = 0.67).

Non-destructive testing of residual stresses is an urgent task in the production of responsible expensive products in mechanical engineering. An example of such products are special pipes. The straightness of special pipes is one of the most important operational characteristics, to which high requirements are imposed. Residual stresses arising at different stages of production in the material of special pipes, their unacceptable level and unbalance lead to a deviation from the straightness of the finished products. Acoustic methods based on the phenomenon of acoustoelasticity are the most promising methods for non-destructive testing of residual stresses. However, when using them, precision accuracy of measuring the speed (time) of propagation of ultrasonic vibrations is required. One of the ways to improve the accuracy of measuring the propagation velocity of ultrasonic vibrations is the use of thermo-optical generation of acoustic vibrations. The purpose of this work is to develop a technique for non-destructive testing of residual stresses in the material of special pipes using an acoustic method with thermo-optical generation of acoustic vibrations. The article describes the main methodological approaches to measuring residual stresses in special pipes.