The diagnosis of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) remains challenging due to the lack of objective neurophysiological markers, particularly for distinguishing clinical subtypes. Here, we investigated whether sleep-like slow wave activity (SWA) during wakefulness could serve as a subtype-specific neural marker for ADHD. Using EEG recordings during the Attention Network Test (ANT), we analyzed behavioral and neurophysiological data from 120 children, including healthy controls (HC), inattentive-type (ADHD-I), and combined-type (ADHD-C) participants. Our research findings indicated that SWA existed in all groups during task participation, but was significantly elevated in both subtypes of ADHD, particularly in ADHD-C, where the maximum negative peak amplitude increased, duration prolonged, and slow wave slope became steeper. Although global SWA parameters distinguished ADHD from typical development, only topographic analysis showed that local frontal lobe abnormalities distinguished ADHD-C from ADHD-I. Notably, SWA features in the prefrontal region were selectively associated with executive control and orientation deficits in the ADHD-C group, but not in the ADHD-I. Moderation analyses further demonstrated that ADHD subtype significantly modulated the relationship between SWA and behavioral performance. These results provided compelling evidence that sleep-like slow wave dynamics reflected underlying differences in attentional processing between ADHD subtypes and could inform future efforts toward neurophysiological stratification and targeted intervention.

肌肉减少症(sarcopenia,SP)简称肌少症,是一种进行性全身骨骼肌疾病,好发于 65 岁以上的老年人,可导致一系列不良后果,如日常生活活动能力下降、跌倒、残疾、肺炎及呼吸功能障碍等,严重者甚至死亡.

Using functional neuroimaging, electrophysiological techniques and neural data processing techniques, neuroscientists have found that mathematically gifted adolescents exhibit unusual neurocognitive features in the activation of task-related brain regions. Hemispheric information interaction, functional reorganization of networks, and utilization of task-related brain regions are beneficial to rapid and efficient task processing. Based on Granger causality channel selection, the transfer entropy (TE) value between effective channels was computed, and the information flow patterns in the directed functional brain networks derived from electroencephalography (EEG) data during deductive reasoning tasks were explored. We evaluated the workspace configuration patterns of the brain network and the global integration characteristics of separated brain regions using node strength, motif, directed clustering coefficient and characteristic path length in the brain networks of mathematically gifted adolescents with effective connectivity. The empirical results demonstrated that a more integrated functional network at the global level and a more efficient clique at the local level support a pattern of workspace configuration in the mathematically gifted brain that is more conducive to task-related information processing.

Background: Classification of action intention understanding is extremely important for social interaction and brain-computer interface (BCI). However, it is very difficult to obtain a satisfactory experimental result. Method: This study first extracts power spectral density (PSD) features based on preprocessed EEG signals, and then selects the effective features by statistical thresholds. Results: Under different combining conditions from three pairwise action intention stimuli and five frequency bands, some electrodes show manifest statistical differences, as well as most of subjects obtain high average classification accuracies. Conclusions: The PSD features selected with statistical thresholds are exceedingly useful for the classification task of action intention understanding EEG signals.

目的:研究正常人简笔画面孔正倒立表情图片加工的特异成分——N170特征.方法:采用简笔画面孔正性、中性、负性图片为刺激物,用事件相关电位记录仪记录19名受试者(男14名、女5名,年龄19～35岁)所诱发的面孔ERP波形的特征,用t检验统计左右半球T5和T6在正、倒立部位的N170潜伏期和波幅.结果:3种表情面孔左右半球在T5和T6部位N170波幅差异无统计学意义,N170潜伏期仅在负性表情T5、T6部位差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);右半球T6部位潜伏期倒立面孔与正立面孔相比差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:简笔画表情面孔识别过程中虽然左右半球显示出不对称性,但不具有明显的右半球优势.与正立面孔表情简笔画相比,右半球识别倒立简笔画面孔表情需要更长时间.

目的:探讨脑卒中后尿失禁患者的生活质量与心理状态现状,并分析两者相关性.方法:采用横断面调查,选取南京市8家不同等级医院的脑卒中后尿失禁住院患者112例,采用一般资料调查表、尿失禁生活质量问卷(I-QOL)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)及焦虑自评量表(SAS)进行调查.结果:脑卒中后尿失禁患者生活质量总分为(48.12±9.89)分,焦虑总分为(46.05±11.06)分,抑郁总分为(54.95±8.43)分.除逃避和限制性行为维度与SDS总分及躯体性障碍以外的3个症状得分无相关性外,I-QOL总分及各维度得分与SDS、SAS各维度得分及总分均呈负相关(r值-0.03～-0.48,P<0.01或P<0.05).多元回归分析显示躯体性障碍、精神运动性障碍、年龄及医护人员健康教育程度是脑卒中后尿失禁患者生活质量的独立影响因素.结论:脑卒中后尿失禁患者普遍生活质量较低,且常伴焦虑、抑郁,在康复护理工作中应注意评估患者的心理状况,进行积极的健康教育,以提高其生活质量.

The classification of action intention understanding based on EEG signals is very important for human-robot and social interaction studies. In order to classify the action intention understanding brain signals efficiently, we first use three kinds of phase synchronization indices, phase locking value (PLV), phase lag index (PLI) and weight phase lag index (WPLI), to construct functional connectivity matrices in multiple micro time windows, and then extract the sum of significant edge values of each time window matrix as the classification feature, finally apply support vector machine (SVM) classifier to implement action intention understanding data classification task. Classification result shows that new method performs well on three datasets (alpha, beta and fusion frequency bands), and brain network statistical analysis demonstrates that many significant edges appear on the alpha frequency band. We conclude that the phase synchronization indices are extremely useful for the classification task, the sum of significant edge values is an effective classification feature, and the action intention understanding closely correlates with the alpha frequency band.

As a purely data-driven spatial domain filtering method, common spatial pattern (CSP) is widely used in motor imagery (MI)-based brain-computer interface (BCI) domains. However, the estimation of the covariance matrices in CSP is sensitive to noise and lacks local temporal information. To improve the performance of CSP, we propose a local temporal joint recurrence common spatial pattern (LTJRCSP), which considers temporally local information. Theoretically, LTJRCSP introduces the local temporal joint recurrence rate and therefore may contain more discriminative information and is more robust compared to CSP. After the feature is extracted, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is then applied for classification. The experimental results, regardless of whether EEG dataset IIa of BCI Competition IV introduces outliers or not, justify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

The neurocognitive characteristics of mathematically gifted adolescents are characterized by highly developed functional interactions between the right hemisphere and excellent cognitive control of the prefrontal cortex, enhanced frontoparietal cortex, and posterior parietal cortex. However, it is still unclear when and how these cortical interactions occur. In this paper, we used directional coherence analysis based on Granger causality to study the interactions between the frontal brain area and the posterior brain area in the mathematical frontoparietal network system during deductive reasoning tasks. Specifically, the scalp electroencephalography (EEG) signal was first converted into a cortical dipole source signal to construct a Granger causality network over the θ-band and γ-band ranges. We constructed the binary Granger causality network at the 40 pairs of cortical nodes in the frontal lobe and parietal lobe across the θ-band and the γ-band, which were selected as regions of interest (ROI). We then used graph theory to analyze the network differences. It was found that, in the process of reasoning tasks, the frontoparietal regions of the mathematically gifted show stronger working memory information processing at the θ-band. Additionally, in the middle and late stages of the conclusion period, the mathematically talented individuals have less information flow in the anterior and posterior parietal regions of the brain than the normal subjects. We draw the conclusion that the mathematically gifted brain frontoparietal network appears to have more “automated” information processing during reasoning tasks.

目的:调查脑卒中后尿失禁患者功能独立性现状对其社会参与、生活质量和心理状态的影响.方法:采用便利抽样,选取南京市8家不同等级医院康复科或神经内科的153例住院患者,使用一般资料调查表、功能独立性量表、自主参与问卷、尿失禁生活质量问卷及抑郁自评量表对患者进行调查.结果:脑卒中后尿失禁患者功能独立性得分为(62.03±26.61)分.分层回归分析显示,功能独立性解释了患者社会参与变异的57.3％,生活质量变异的17.0％,抑郁情绪变异的15.9％.结论:脑卒中后尿失禁患者功能独立性水平普遍较低,功能独立性水平的降低引发患者社会参与及生活质量下降,加重患者负性情绪,医务人员应重视脑卒中后尿失禁患者的膀胱康复训练,进而提高患者的功能独立性.

Background:Understanding the action intentions of others is important for social and human-robot interactions. Recently, many state-of-the-art approaches have been proposed for decoding action intention understanding. Although these methods have some advantages, it is still necessary to design other tools that can more efficiently classify the action intention understanding signals. New Method:Based on EEG, we first applied phase lag index (PLI) and weighted phase lag index (WPLI) to construct functional connectivity matrices in five frequency bands and 63 micro-time windows, then calculated nine graph metrics from these matrices and subsequently used the network metrics as features to classify different brain signals related to action intention understanding. Results:Compared with the single methods (PLI or WPLI), the combination method (PLI+WPLI) demonstrates some overwhelming victories. Most of the average classification accuracies exceed 70%, and some of them approach 80%. In statistical tests of brain network, many significantly different edges appear in the frontal, occipital, parietal, and temporal regions. Conclusions:Weighted brain networks can effectively retain data information. The integrated method proposed in this study is extremely effective for investigating action intention understanding. Both the mirror neuron and mentalizing systems participate as collaborators in the process of action intention understanding.

Classification of action intention understanding is important for intelligent human-robot interaction research, and feature extraction is one of the key factors. In recent years, many feature extraction methods were proposed for the classification task. Although these methods make some achievements, it is still necessary to design new methods that can complete the classification task more efficiently. Based on three kinds of action intention understanding EEG signals, we first used synchronization likelihood (SL) to construct functional connectivity matrices in multiple frequency bands, then calculated eleven kinds of weighted brain network metrics in the functional connectivity matrices, subsequently adopted a statistical threshold to determine which kind of metric is the most useful, and finally used the metrics that were selected by the threshold as classification features to carry out the action intention understanding classification task. In experimental results, both eight metrics come from delta band and five metrics come from theta band shown their statistical values (p < 0.05), almost each classification accuracy with the single significant metric feature was higher than random level, the classification accuracy with significant metrics fusion was even close to 80%, and all permutation tests of the real classification accuracies with SVM classifier were less than 0.05. The experimental results suggest that the novel feature extraction method is extremely effective for the classification of action intention understanding EEG signals. Meanwhile, the combination of different features and classifiers given in this paper is useful to the classification tasks. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

本文对基于移动应用程序、网络平台及微信公众平台的移动医疗干预手段在女性压力性尿失禁患者自我管理中的应用现状、发展前景及问题进行综述,以期为移动医疗在国内女性压力性尿失禁患者疾病康复与管理中应用的推广提供参考和借鉴.

衰弱(frailty)是指个体暴露于内源性或外源性压力源时发生不良事件的脆弱性增加而引起的生物综合征[1],其不仅导致了个体力量、耐力和抵抗应激能力的下降,并且增加了死亡的易感性.尿失禁(urinary incontinence)是指客观条件下尿液不自主地流出,世界卫生组织将尿失禁定义为老年病学的常见病之一一[2].全球数据显示[3],年龄超过65岁的男性尿失禁患病率为21.1％～32.2％,年龄超过60岁的女性尿失禁患病率为17.2％～49.1％.

目的:探讨针刺联合现代康复技术治疗早期缺血性脑卒中上肢运动功能障碍的效果,并采用磁共振弥散张量成像(DTI)分析其对大脑可塑性的影响.方法:将110例缺血性脑卒中早期患者随机分为针刺组和对照组,对照组应用康复治疗8周,针刺组在康复治疗的基础上联合针刺治疗8周;采用简化Fugl-Meyer评定量表上肢部分(UE-FMA)评定两组患者治疗前和治疗后4周、8周时上肢运动功能;在治疗前、治疗结束后对两组患者进行DTI扫描,比较两组治疗前后变化.结果:两组间治疗前UE-FMA评分差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);治疗后4周、8周两组患者UE-FMA评分较治疗前明显提高(P＜0.05),且治疗后8周高于治疗后4周(P＜0.05);治疗后4周、8周,针刺组患者UE-FMA评分均高于对照组(P＜0.05).治疗前两组患者病灶侧大脑脚、内囊后肢、放射冠区FA值差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),治疗后8周两组患者病灶侧放射冠FA值均较治疗前增高(P＜0.05),且针刺组高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论:针刺联合现代康复技术治疗早期缺血性脑卒中后上肢运动障碍具有较好的临床效果,可能与针刺联合现代康复技术能更好地促进大脑可塑性变化有关.

目的 探讨功能性踝关节康复训练对脑卒中患者平衡能力及姿势稳定性的影响.方法 选取2016—2017年东南大学附属中大医院江北院区康复医学科收治的脑卒中患者100例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组50例.对照组患者给予常规康复训练,观察组患者给予常规康复训练+功能性踝关节康复训练;两组患者均连续训练8周.比较两组患者训练前后Berg平衡量表(BBS)评分、"起立-行走"计时测试(TUGT)时间和闭眼站立于普通脚垫(NC)及泡沫脚垫(PC)上的稳定性系数(ST)和体质量分布指数(WDI).结果 两组患者训练前BBS评分、TUGT时间、NC ST及WDI、PC ST及WDI比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);训练后观察组患者BBS评分高于对照组,TUGT时间短于对照组,NC ST及WDI、PC ST及WDI低于对照组(P<0.05).结论功能性踝关节康复训练可有效改善脑卒中患者平衡能力,提高患者姿势稳定性,利于患者运动功能恢复.

近年来脑卒中因其高发病率、高致残率、高死亡率已成为全球性公共卫生问题.脑卒中后尿失禁的发生不仅会导致患者功能状态、生活质量的降低,还会延长住院时间、增加照顾者压力及家庭经济负担.然而,脑卒中后尿失禁的相关因素仍缺少系统性分析.现就卒中后尿失禁相关因素进行综述,为临床医护人员早期识别高危人群提供可靠参考,为进一步研究和防治卒中后尿失禁提供理论支持.

目的 探讨悬吊训练对产后腰痛的临床疗效.方法 2017年2月至2018年2月,产后腰痛的患者66例随机分为对照组(n=33)和观察组(n=33).对照组给予常规康复理疗和美式脊椎矫正,观察组在对照组基础上辅以悬吊训练.治疗前和治疗6周后采用疼痛数字评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数和腹横肌厚度进行评价.结果 治疗前,两组疼痛数字评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数评分和腹横肌厚度均无显著性差异(P>0.05).治疗6周后,两组疼痛数字评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数评分较治疗前均显著降低(t>14.579,P<0.001);两组腹横肌厚度较治疗前均显著增加(t>15.855,P<0.001);且观察组上述指标均显著优于对照组(t>4.818,P<0.001).结论 在常规康复理疗和美式脊椎矫正治疗基础上再辅以悬吊训练,可进一步减轻产后腰痛患者的疼痛,改善功能,提高生活质量.

目的 观察电刺激结合咽部肌群训练对脑卒中并发阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患者临床症状、睡眠呼吸参数及认知功能的影响.方法 2014年12月1日至2017年11月30日,脑卒中并发OSAS住院患者50例,随机分为对照组和研究组各25例.两组均接受常规药物治疗及康复训练,研究组在此基础上接受VocaStim?-Master电刺激,包括咽部神经肌肉电刺激和舌下神经分支刺激,以及咽部肌群训练,共4周.记录干预前后临床症状变化,采用多导睡眠呼吸监测(PSG)及简明精神状况检查(MMSE)进行评定.结果 治疗后,研究组临床症状较治疗前及对照组改善(P<0.05),睡眠呼吸紊乱指数(AHI)下降(t>2.270,P<0.05),平均血氧饱和度、最低血氧饱和度明显增高(t>3.095,P<0.01),氧减指数显著下降(t>3.044,P<0.01),MMSE评分明显增高(t>2.859,P<0.01).对照组治疗前后AHI、平均血氧饱和度、最低血氧饱和度、氧减指数和MMSE评分均较治疗前无显著性差异(P>0.05).结论 VocaStim?-Master电刺激结合咽部肌群训练能有效缓解脑卒中并发OSAS患者的临床症状,改善呼吸功能和认知功能.

目的 探讨脑卒中患者联合早期介入心理与康复训练对运动功能及抑郁状态的影响.方法 选择脑卒中患者70例,随机分为对照组和观察组,各35例.对照组采取康复训练,观察组在对照组基础上进行早期介入心理护理,比较两组运动功能及抑郁状态.结果 干预后观察组患者运动功能评分高于对照组,抑郁评分低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 针对脑卒中患者,联合应用早期介入心理与康复训练可有效增强运动功能,改善抑郁状态,提升治疗效果.