Objective to improve the results of treatment in newborns with spinal hernia. Materials and methods. Immediate results of surgical treatment and follow-up data of 246 infants with spinal dysraphism complicated by hernia sac rupture or rupture threat are analyzed. The clinical, neurological, laboratory and instrumental (computer tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, neurosonography, electroneuromyography) examination is made.Results. It is shown that the most favourable treatment results often occur in children with meningocystocele lumbosacral localization operated in the first 24 hours of life with no signs of inflammation of central nervous system. The least favourable results observed in the thoraco-lumbar myelomeningocele localization hernia sac rupture, meningitis, combined with hydrocephalus and other multiple malformations of the internal organs, in children operated in the period of more than 72 hours after birth. Conclusions. The frequency of postoperative inflammatory complications significantly associated with time-to-surgery. Early surgery in newborn infants with spinal dysraphism, complicated by liquorrhea or liquorrhea threat saves life of 93.1 % patients and in 30.0 % of them ensures good quality of life.

The inflammatory complications of shunt operations in 1990–1999 and 2005 years were analyzed. The frequency of the inflammatory complications was 5,2 and 5,1%. Some changes in infections’ etiology and their pharmacoresistance were established. In 2005 the amount of hydrocephaly cases, combined with congenital CNS disorders and cases of gram-positive microorganisms have increased. Also pharmacoresistance to the traditional antibiotics increased. The risk factors of inflammatory complications development after shunt operations were established.

The results of 60 patients with medulloblastoma treatment are presented. The shunting operations were used before the tumor removal, during the removal and after, with the main goal — to correct intracranial hypertension. The shunting operations are the part of the complex treatment, applied at patients with cerebellum medulloblastoma.

This paper described the analysis of 2633 cases of brain tumors in children under 15 years of age. The diagnosis was performed according to the histological review. Morbidity of analyzed period was 3,19 per 100.000 children. However while the children’s population decreased in analyzed period ( more than three millions), amount of brain tumors has grown.Also peak of morbidity was in period 1986—1990.The incidence of brain tumors in childhood has increased in the period 1985—1989 and it was 84,5%. The malignant forms were 103,3%, comparing with 1980—1984 years. The malignant’s index of tumors in all analyzed period considerably has not changed (0,65). However majority of brain neoplasm was neuroectodermal tumors (73,4), amoung which majority were astrocytoma and medulloblastoma.

The specific features of the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, management of brain injury are considered in 48 patients earlier anastomosed for progressive hydrocephalus. The leading features are mild focal neurological disorders, prevalent overall cerebral disturbances and no dislocational manifestations. These features are associated with the absence of hypertensive phenomena due to the presence of a drainage system and morphological substrate in children suffering from hydrocephalus, which affects the outcome of brain injury and its treatment.

In 455 pediatric patients with progressive hydrocephaly of non-tumour genesis, a valve liquoro-shunting system was implanted. At different periods after the operation (up to 5 years), 4.8% of the patients developed the purulent-infective complications, dysfunction of a system occurred--in 20.4%. The causes, clinical signs of the emergency state are analysed, the recommendations on carrying out the therapeutic measures are given.