基于 NaI(Tl)闪烁晶体探测方法研制而成的海水放射性传感器是目前国内外开展海洋放射性核素原位自动监测的主要技术手段,但海水放射性传感器在海上长期连续运行时,测量得到的海水伽马能谱数据会受到环境温度影响而发生漂移.开展环境温度梯度变化条件下的海水放射性传感器测量实验,分析海水放射性传感器测量得到的伽马能谱数据随环境温度变化而发生的漂移规律,通过将峰位道址漂移表达为温度的二次函数关系,进而提出了基于环境温度变化的伽马能谱漂移校正方法.经实验室空气环境和水体环境实验验证,空气环境校正后峰位道址漂移不超过±2 道,水体环境校正后峰位道址漂移不超过±3 道,可以满足海水放射性传感器连续测量伽马能谱的温度漂移校正需求.

Objectives/AimsThe bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), considered a part of ‘extended amygdala’ and located in the basomedial forebrain, is characterized by its connections with other limbic structures, hypothalamic and brainstem nuclei. With these crucial connections, it plays a key role in emotional processing and modulation of autonomic physiological and behavioural responses. Consequently, its dysfunction is implicated in many human psychiatric illnesses including depression thus positioning it as a target for neuromodulation with deep brain stimulation (DBS) and investigations of its direct neural activity.MethodsHere, in a cross-sectional design, we acquired task-induced neuronal recordings from BNST from fifteen treatment resistant depressed patients undergoing DBS surgery in a clinical trial. We employed two tasks: 1) empathy induction with painful and non-painful pictures, 2) affect task with emotionally valenced pictures (positive, neutral and negative). We first characterised task induced spectral dynamics and subsequently using permutation testing to assess condition differences. Time- frequency clusters which showed condition differences were then tested for their association with behavioural ratings and depression scores.ResultsEmpathy and affect task both showed task induced responses with condition differences predominantly in theta-alpha range. For empathy task, alpha activity also predicted the painful and non-painful behavioural ratings. Furthermore, alpha activity for non-painful pictures were also significantly associated with depression scores. Affect task showed condition differences in activity for positive and negatives pictures when compared to neutral pictures. Alpha activity of negative pictures (when compared to neutral pictures) were also positively correlated with depression scores.ConclusionsOverall, from direct BNST recordings, we thus show the spectral signatures of BNST in evaluation of empathy and affect pictures. Furthermore, alpha activity in these tasks also predicted depression scores thus highlighting its role as a potential biomarker for depression severity.

Marine monitoring instruments and equipments are crucial for understanding and managing the ocean. In recent years, significant achievements have been obtained in the technologies and application of marine monitoring instruments and equipments in China. However, China still lags behind developed countries in terms of core technologies and equipment for marine monitoring. This study analyzes the development requirements and development status of China’s marine monitoring instruments and equipment from the aspects of global ocean stereoscopic observation system, national nearshore operational observation system, and technologies and core equipment for marine environment monitoring and detection. Moreover, it elaborates on the problems existing in China’s marine monitoring instruments and equipment in terms of policies and mechanisms, original innovation and basic scientific research, common key technologies, technical standards and testing, as well as cincization and industrialization. Furthermore, we propose key development directions and several suggestions including (1) establishing an innovative system of marine monitoring instruments, (2) expanding the marine monitoring instrument industry, and (3) building a marine public test infrastructure, hoping to provide a reference for the development and research of China’s operational marine stereoscopic monitoring system.

基于荧光猝灭原理的光学溶解氧传感器可获得海水溶解氧时空数据,被广泛应用于海洋环境长期监测,但因其在贮存期间和布放期间会发生"贮存漂移"和"测量漂移",需要进行校准.现有的实验室校准方法周期长、操作复杂.本文研究了光学溶解氧传感器在空气和水体两种不同介质中的响应特性,提出一种利用空气介质的光学溶解氧传感器现场校准方法,并在此基础上建立了仪器的两点校准模型.经实验验证,该校准方法能够有效修正溶解氧传感器的数据漂移,校正后的传感器测定值与Winkler滴定的标准值偏差在±6μmol·L-1以内.该方法可以实现光学溶解氧传感器的便捷快速校正,免去实验室维护的繁琐步骤,提高监测数据质量,保持监测数据的连续性,具有重要的应用价值.

为提高海洋放射性现场探测NaI(Tl)谱仪的探测性能,采用蒙特卡罗仿真和统计计算方法,研究和分析谱仪封装、材料和尺寸等机械设计对探测性能的影响规律.综合考虑伽马射线衰减和密封、耐压及耐腐蚀等要求,开展谱仪的机械优化设计和海上现场检测实验.优化谱仪达到了对40 K最小探测活度约0.30 Bq/L,现场测量相对误差为0.45％.该研究对海洋放射性现场探测谱仪的性能优化设计和现场应用具有重要的指导意义.

Background: Drug addiction is one of the most prevalent and costly health problems worldwide. Over the past decade, deep brain stimulation (DBS) has increasingly been used for the treatment of drug addiction. Simultaneous DBS of nucleus accumbens (NAc) and the anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) has successfully been used for preventing heroin relapse. However, the excessive energy consumption speeds up battery depletion, which puts a burden on patients. By comparison, anterior capsulotomy is usually more convenient for patients and its clinical efficacy is similar to that of ALIC DBS. Accordingly, NAc DBS combined with anterior capsulotomy may also be an effective, yet more convenient, intervention for drug addiction and relapse prevention. Case Description: The patient was a 28-year-old man with a polysubstance use disorder (bucinnazine, morphine, and hypnotics) for 13 years. After bilateral NAc DBS combined with bilateral anterior capsulotomy, his craving for the three drugs decreased markedly, and he remained abstinent throughout the follow-up period of approximately 1-year. Moreover, psychiatric and neuropsychological assessments showed significant improvements in depression, anxiety, sleep, quality of life, and most aspects of cognitive functioning. His overall health status was also improved. Conclusions: NAc DBS combined with anterior capsulotomy is a promising surgical treatment for drug addiction.

提出了一种利用荧光猝灭原理测定海水溶解氧的方法,分别从光电检测电路、LED驱动电路、光电二极管电路、温度检测电路、信号产生采集处理控制电路等方面详细介绍了基于氧敏感膜的海水荧光信号检测系统设计方案,通过实验测试了荧光信号检测系统对荧光相位滞后检测能力、系统的整体稳定性和系统测试数据的准确度.准确度测试中溶解氧测试数据点饱和度从100.00％减小到11.56％,氧敏感膜荧光信号检测系统所测数据与碘量法误差最大为5.15 μmol/L,两种方法变化趋势相同.此系统可以作为一种海水溶解氧测量仪器,具有良好的应用价值.

叶绿素浓度是反映海水水质受污染程度的重要指标,目前国内测量主要采用岸边监测或实验室分析,无实时测量海水叶绿素的传感器.为此,提出一种基于荧光法的光学海水叶绿素传感器,首先选用470 nm波长LED作为激发光源,超低噪声、高灵敏度光电二极管作为荧光接收装置,将激发光路与接收光路集成一体,设计了一体化封装光学探头.采用调制解调技术,对激发LED光源进行调制,通过对荧光信号的同步解调以及数字混合迭代滤波算法实现海水叶绿素浓度的原位、长期监测.经过长期海试与实验室性能对比测试证明该传感器具有集成度高、灵敏度高、功耗低、体积小、可集成多参数仪等优点.其综合性能指标达到国外同类仪器水平.对于海洋富营养化生态灾害的监测和预测具有重要意义,同时对海洋保护提供技术支撑.

Methamphetamine (MA) and related stimulants are the world's second most commonly abused drug class with an estimated 24 million users worldwide [1]. MA use is associated with marked medical and psychiatric morbidity, increased mortality, and functional impairments, with estimated costs of $85 million per year globally. Current treatments consist primarily of behavioral interventions which have limited efficacy. To date, no medications or other biological treatments have been approved for the treatment of methamphetamine use disorder (MUD).

为了深入了解投放式海洋漂流浮标入水过程中壳体的种类对浮标内部构件受到的冲击力的影响,选择壳体材料、壳体厚度以及壳体形状等3个因素,基于正交实验设计,以浮标中心板的最大Mises应力和应变为指标,采用ABAQUS进行有限元模拟分析.结果 表明:壳体因素对中心板所受应力及产生应变的影响基本一致,其中壳体的形状对中心板所受应力及应变的影响非常显著,中心板在壳体形状为球形、材料为ABS且厚度为4 mm时所受的极限Mises应力以及发生的形变最小.

海洋放射性原位监测相比于传统采样回实验室分析可以实现连续、实时、自动化监测.文中研究了基于大浮标的海洋放射性原位监测系统,使用放射性测量传感器测量周围环境的放射性数据,使用GPS确定所测环境坐标,通过北斗通讯的方式将所测得放射性数据、位置信息等发送给岸站,岸站收到数据后计算并显示放射性测量传感器所测周围环境放射性数据能谱;研究设计了一种分包发送数据,数据丢包补发机制,解决海洋放射性数据量大、传输时间长、数据不全会造成解谱不准确的问题.最后通过实验室长期实验验证,长期数据平均接收率达到98％以上,能够利用海洋放射性原位监测系统实现准确可靠的监测.

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a mood disorder associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In many cases, BD can be managed with pharmacotherapy, psychological therapy, or electroconvulsive therapy [ [1] Grande I. Berk M. Birmaher B. Vieta E. Bipolar disorder. Lancet. 2016; 387: 1561-1572https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00241-X Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (830) Google Scholar ]. For some afflicted patients, however, BD is a chronic and severely disabling condition that is resistant to the aforementioned treatments. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) offers a safe and effective neurosurgical treatment for otherwise refractory movement disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder [ [2] Krack P. Hariz M.I. Baunez C. Guridi J. Obeso J.A. Deep brain stimulation: from neurology to psychiatry?. Trends Neurosci. 2010; 33: 474-484https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2010.07.002 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (223) Google Scholar , [3] Williams N.R. Okun M.S. NR W. MS O. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) at the interface of neurology and psychiatry. J Clin Investig. 2013; 123: 4546-4556https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI68341 Crossref PubMed Scopus (86) Google Scholar ]. Here, we describe the first case of refractory BP treated effectively with DBS of the habenula (HB).

日本福岛核电站爆炸引起的海洋放射性污染事故后果严重,沿海核电安全和海洋放射性环境的长期监测、污染预警和事故应急受到关注.文中研制了一套海洋核辐射现场监测装置,利用标准放射源241Am,133Ba,60Co,137Cs,152Eu进行了能量刻度与分辨率刻度实验,并利用MATLAB进行了曲线拟合,得到的能量刻度曲线线性较好,137Cs在661.6 keY的能量分辨率为6.8％.同时,该装置在青岛8号码头利用趸船吊挂方式进行了海水水下测试,测得海水中40K的活度为12.42 Bq/L,与实验室检测结果的符合性较好.

为提高海洋生态现场检测的灵敏度、精度并降低检出限,针对海水测量产生的信号具有统一幅频的特点,进行幅频特性分析,掌握干扰信号的频域特征,通过过滤海水检测信号,获得真实的监测数据.该系统稳定可靠,可以为海洋生态环境现场监测传感器的开发和应用提供借鉴.

Since Japan's fukushima nuclear plant explosion, marine radioactivity monitoring have attracted more atten-tion of both Marine monitoring field at home and abroad and the relevant state departments than ever. A study of marine effi-ciency calibration has been done for the on-line marine radioactivity monitor. The efficiency calibration by Monte Carlo sim-ulation was validated with experiment in a big water tank. The detection efficiency by Monte Carlo simulation with 40K (1 462 keV) is 1.73 × 10–4 cps/(Bq*m–3), and the results seems to be in good agreement with the simulated one.

基于BP算法,建立了海洋水下装备应用的SOFC系统的热管理模型,并对模型进行线性化预测.分别通过对燃烧室、换热器和电堆的模型的反复训练,选择合适的参数,并对训练好的模型进行测试,测试结果与实际数据之间的误差满足要求.利用同样的数据对SOFC系统的基于BP算法的模型进行了训练和测试,测试结果与实际数据之间的误差在±1℃左右.该模型可以为SOFC供电系统样机的研制提供重要的理论和方法支持.

To detect the trace amount of fluorescence signals emitted from chlorophyll-a inside hytoplankton in seawater under LED excitation for implementing detection of chlorophyll-a in seawater, and protecting red tide and other disasters, the digital lock-in amplifier has been designed based on STM32 single chip computer and FPGA. The orthogonal vector lock-in amplifier and generation of the LED light source modulation driving signal DDS are realized by FPGA; while the functions of data processing, temperature compensation and communication are accomplished by STM32. The results of experiments indicate that design scheme can detect chlorophyll-a in seawater in real time under natural environment, and offer higher measurement accuracy. The in-situ seawater chlorophyll-a sensor based on this scheme features simple structure and easy to carry, high accuracy, high stability, and strong anti-interference capability, and possesses wide applicable prospects.

This study was aimed to study the effect of solution pH on the aid effect of compound bioflocculant (CBF) in dye wastewater treatment combined with widely used alum coagulants. The color removal performance of aluminum sulfate (AS) and polyaluminum chloride (PAC) was significantly improved with the aid of CBF. In addition, the effective pH range of alum salts was also broadened by CBF. Floc properties including size, growth, breakage, re-growth and sedimentation natural were determined by PDA2000. The results showed that floc size was enlarged by CBF, especially at acidic conditions and that floc grew faster when CBF was added, especially under neutral and alkaline conditions. Floc sedimentation rate, floc breakage and recovery factor were also enhanced by CBF throughout the studied pH range. CBF was characterized by FT-IR on which there is abundant -COO- and -NH. It was suggested that adsorption and bridging effect of CBF performed a positive role in dye wastewater treatment. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A prediction method using neural network based on time series is proposed to predict the change rule of water quality.Combining the time series prediction and non-linear neural network modeling method,the change rule of water quality parameter in the specific water environment is revealed based on the time-series historical data.The nonlinear neural network model with self-learning is used to predict the change trend of water quality parameter in the future time.The actual data of water quality monitoring station in Nanjinguan verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.