绿色开放的公园是每个城市的必需品.这些公园造价成本不高,收益却很高,并可以让更多的人感受自然、享受自然,对于城市来说有着非常深远的意义,但随着城市公园的快速发展也逐渐出现了一系列的问题.通过对城市公园现存问题及管理体制思路及改革策略进行探讨,以期为后续城市公园发展建设提供思路.

以海口人民公园水体边界空间中6个具有代表性的景观空间单元为研究对象,借助SD法分析游人对公园内水体边界空间的内心感受及偏好.通过现场进行深度访谈和填写问卷相结合的调查与因子分析,得到3个影响游人对水体边界空间感受评价的主要因子,分别是使用因子、氛围因子和场景因子.结果表明,廊桥区的得分最高,主入口区的得分最低.可见,在进行水体边界景观的设计过程中,除了要保证景观的美观程度,还应注重游人的使用体验感受以及内心世界氛围的营造,把控使用、感知与观赏三者之间的平衡,使景观与人的关系更加和谐.

以湿地为依托的生态观光旅游,是满足人民日益增长的对美好生活需求的重要手段,以海口新旧沟湿地乡村公园为研究对象,运用"三三六评价体系"分别从"三大价值、三大效益、六大条件",对其旅游资源进行定性评价分析.结果表明:该区域的历史文化价值、艺术观赏价值和科学考察价值较高;经济效益较差,社会效益和环境效益较好;地理位置和交通条件一般,旅游资源的游览价值较高,旅游容量条件一般,旅游开发投资条件较好,施工难易条件较易,客源市场条件较好,具有很好的开发潜力.

海南省独特的热带气候资源、良好的生态环境,孕育了我国最为丰富的南药植物资源.南药植物形态多样,其中一部分除药用以外,还有极高的观赏和食用价值.近几年海南创建了各种主题的农庄,但是很少有以南药植物为主题的农庄的建设.为此,探讨南药植物与农庄规划设计的应用非常重要,这对发挥海南自身的优势,同时带动海南的经济发展有着重大的意义.针对南药植物在农庄中的规划设计应用进行分析,同时提出针对性的措施.

本文通过对海南遗存的“约亭”进行调查,从文化地理视角分析约亭的建筑形态特征和演变线索.以此为基础,研究约亭与亭的渊源关系,认为海南约亭是由具有军事防卫功能的亭建筑转变为行政管理性亭建筑,并经过明代乡约制度催生在清代出现的产物,是功能性亭建筑在当代的存在形式.海南遗存的几座约亭是研究、追溯乡约历史的直接物质载体,具有珍贵的历史文化价值.

为研究热带城市行道树的配置,以海口市作为研究对象,调查了海口市行道树的高度(h)、冠幅(p)、道路宽度(D)及道路两侧的建筑物高度(H)等项目,结合采集到的数据,通过SketchUp软件辅助模拟,对道路行道树进行日照分析.结果 显示:南北走向道路行道树接受日照时间东侧与西侧基本没有差异;建筑物的高度与行道树的高度对行道树受日照时间的影响较大,而道路的宽度对行道树受日照时间基本没有影响;东西走向道路行道树受日照时间,北侧行道树比南侧行道树受日照时间长;建筑的高度、行道树的高度、道路的宽度对行道树的受日照时间有明显的影响.依据分析结果提出如下策略,同等情况下,南北走向的道路,在两侧建筑物不高的情况下,应选择遮阴,植株体量较大的树种(如小叶榕Ficus benjamina、大叶榕Ficus altissima、秋枫Bischofia javanica等),反之,适宜选择植株体量较小树种(如羊蹄甲Bauhinia purpurea、假苹婆Sterculia lanceolate等).东西走向道路,北侧行道树应采用大体量遮阴树种(如大叶榕、垂叶榕Ficus benjamina等);南侧行道树宜选择体量较小的树种(如假苹婆,羊蹄甲等).在道路宽度较窄,两侧建筑物较高的道路,适宜单侧种植行道树,或种植耐荫花灌木(如光叶子花Bougainvillea glabra、基及树Carmona microphylla、非洲茉莉Fagraea ceilanica等).

随着大数据运用的普及,其为景观空间的使用提供了新的调查研究方法.本文主要通过热力图,结合GIS和Excle,分析了兴隆热带植物园的空间使用,在其9个分区中,通过对比同一分区不同时间段和同一时间段不同分区的空间使用情况,分析了空间使用不同的原因,并对园区和同类型植物园的规划进行了探讨.此外,文中对比了热力图大数据法和现场调研的结果,验证了热力图大数据法的可行性.

近年来在旅游热潮的推动下,海南热带滨海园林明显受到了东南亚热带庭园的影响.本文从海南热带滨海园林的发展背景和影响其特征的园林流派展开分析,对园林构成的5个要素应用进行阐述,其造景特点表现为以坡屋顶造型为基本园林建筑单元,营造以棕榈科为主的热带植物丛林式景观,在山石、园林小品方面体现出对精湛的手工技艺、淳朴生态观的追求,水景注重小环境的营造和契合.在此基础上对其提升改进方向给出了相应的建议.

以海南兴隆植物园为研究对象,采用TBI浏览数据结合热力图大数据法和行动观察法分别对该园进行游人分布及行为分析,为提升景区规划的科学性提供参考.结果 表明,游人分布主要集中在入口景观区和科普品尝区,主要行为为观赏、体验和休憩,其分布及行为主要受游览路线、园区功能划分、服务设施的设置以及周边环境的影响.2种调查方法的研究结果基本一致,但也存在一定的差异,各有利弊.

三亚白鹭公园最初为一片红树林滩涂,解放后属榆亚盐场范围,盛产"三亚盐",20世纪末三亚市采取"填湿造陆""挖湖堆岛"的方式建设白鹭公园,导致红树林生态环境遭到破坏.通过分析三亚白鹭公园中红树林湿地区域的现状和退化原因,提出对受损湿地采用设置保护分级、生态恢复重建等措施,在景观恢复设计中融入场地历史特征和生态科普教育等元素,在充实公园景观要素的同时满足不同层次游客的需求,经过多次的人工修复和较长期的演变及更替后,植被群落形成相对稳定结构,恢复改造效果显著.

康复花园是通过自然景观及人文景观,让使用者从主动和被动两方面获益,并能对其身心健康提供助益的户外空间.它不仅可以为患者营造一个良好的辅助治疗环境,也为医务工作人员和来访者提供调节压力的休憩场所.如今已有越来越多的人认识到康复花园的建设在医疗机构中具有重要的意义,文章围绕康复花园的设计要素和设计准则提出实用性建议,以期为医疗机构中康复花园的建设提供参考依据.

近年来,海南岛举全省之力建设健康长寿岛和国际旅游岛,旅游结构需要从传统的自然资源观光型逐渐向高端休闲度假型转变.海南省芳香植物资源丰富,其芳香旅游的开发将有利于海南省国际旅游岛的建设和我国芳香旅游产业的发展.文章通过分析海南岛发展芳香旅游的优势及现状,提出海南岛芳香旅游的发展策略.

As the symbolic architecture with distinguished cultural and regional characters of Hainan,Yueting,was originally the ancient entertainment place for preaching imperial edict and discussing the rules of the comity.However,with the historical transition,its function and status have been changed,and its role as traditional garden buildings has been also changed.The preservation condition of Fengping Yueting,which located in the region of the north volcanic,was by far the most complete the Yueting,and which retained the classic sense.It has the very high research value for function and construction.In the report,based on the analysis of its construction characteristics,the viewpoints were proposed that it had taken shape in Han's architectural design of three rooms face width;the tablet word with simple and delicate clay sculpture and stele culture was its characteristics;it had the flexible characters with the historical changes;and it was a reflection of pursuing pristine and creative institutions,respecting harmony of man and nature,advocating culture and ritual of Hainan people.

通过运用语言学的研究方法对海口白沙门公园景观语言的词汇、语句、篇章和语法规则进行分析,梳理其景观特色和布局艺术,阐述了白沙门公园适宜于海南热带环境、体现海南热带风情的景观语言特征.

从海南五公祠的历史、文化、园林布局、庭院空间、建筑特征、装饰风格等方面进行了调查研究,认为五公祠的布局动静相宜、空间规整而巧妙、建筑质朴而中庸,且装饰古韵和谐,其园林景观中蕴藏着海南特有的海洋文化、贬谪文化和移民文化的特征.

In terms of landscape architecture,design stems from life,changes life,and services life since ancient times.But creating landscape for living is still the responsibility for landscape architecters.This paper generalizes contemporary life of Hainan Island,analyzes present situation of Hainan residential landscape.It proposes that Hainan residential landscape design should gradually abandon the transplanting practices at this stage.We should pay attention to creating a tropical landscape feature with local characteristics,to meet the needs of the people to the residential area landscape under the background of modern lifestyle in Hainan.

Water is Full of changing and fluidity. Landscape architects can use the variety of terrain in the tropical forest to create the unique water feature in the tropical forest tourist attractions. Based on“Three elements theory”, which was proposed by associate professor ZhuYufan, the author analyzed the waterscape design in the Tropical Paradise Forest Park, and then proposed the design principle: hydrophilic, ecology, harmonization of water features elements, and safety. The author also put forward that in the tropical forest environment landscape architects should focus on the positioning of waterscape functions, construct prioritized and sequence cleared water space, and pay attention to the mutual relations of the waterscape elements and other garden elements. Only in this way can the landscape architects design the distinctive waterscape in the tropical forest tourist attractions..

通过室内光照时间、温度及盐度梯度对海南海桑种子萌发的影响结果表明：种子在黑暗中不萌发，用不同光照时间对种子处理后，发芽率、发芽势及胚根长有一定差异并随着光照时间延长，12h的最高发芽率68．67％、发芽势58．67％；种子发芽适宜温度为30-40℃，最适温度35℃，此时的发芽率、发芽势和胚根长分别为90．67％、78．00％和4．83cm；盐度在0～O．75％时种子可萌发，最适盐度0．25％，种子发芽率、发芽势和胚根长分别为81．33％、72．67％和4．23cm；盐度0．75％以上时，各指标显著降低。

In our report,the process of tropical planting landscape planning and design was discussed,which include the program planning,design development,the construction design and the design changes etc.,and the detail content of each was described.Additionally,it was proposed that tropical planting landscape design needs further improvement and expansion in the future years after completion of the construction,during which the continuity design ideas were still used for improving design and visual effect of landscape.

The landscape design with narrative is used through the forms of naming, sequencing, revealing, conceal, gathering, opening and etc. Shinagawa Central Garden was designed with landscape narrative, using the forms of sequencing, revealing and concealing. In the large green space up to 400 meters, the designer arranged 7 follies to tell the history and customs of Shinagawa region according a certain sequence. The narrative theme included water, stone, light, wind, earth, grass and tree, and it is concealed that people always depends on the survival environment, no matter how urbanization develops and time passes. Also it expresses that people always love and depend on the nature and think about the living environment rationally.