Enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma (ENA) is a contagious tumor disease of goats and sheep, which is caused by enzootic nasal tumor virus (ENTV). To better understand the pathogenesis of ENA, this study aimed to establish a goat ENA cell line (ENA-1). The cells have been characterized with regard to morphology, growth rate, ultrastructural features, chromosome number, expression of CK7 and CK18, tumorigenicity, species, and mycoplasma contamination. ENA-1 had an epithelioid cell morphology with an unstable chromosome number under a light microscope. Under an electron microscope, the cell nuclear heterogeneity was not obvious, and there were more intermediate filaments and a small number of immature retrovirus-like particles in the cytoplasm. ENA-1 had strong proliferative potential, and the cell multiplication time was about 36 h, which could make BALB/c nude mice develop tumors. CK7 and CK18 were expressed in the cytoplasm of primary goat tumors, in transplanted tumors from nude mice, and un ENA-1 cells with the same intensity. PCR revealed that ENA-1 continuously carried ENTV-2 up to the 17th generation with no germline contamination or mycoplasma contamination. In conclusion, using a serum-containing culture system, ENA-1 cells were successfully isolated, cultured, and purified from goat tumor tissues. The isolated ENA-1 cells retained robust proliferation potential and maintained their phenotype, indicating the potential application of the ENA-1 cell line as an in vitro model of ENA.

This study aimed to explore the magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) manifestations of the pancreaticobiliary ducts and assess pancreatic exocrine function using Secretin-enhanced MRCP (S-MRCP) in dogs with acute edematous pancreatitis (AEP). Twelve (12) dogs were included, with six in the AEP group and six in the control group. The AEP model group underwent a procedure by way of pancreatic duct retrograde injection. The control group underwent the same procedure without infusion. MRCP and S-MRCP were performed identically in both the AEP group and control groups. MRCP was performed pre-surgery and on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th days post-surgery in the AEP group and control groups. The pancreaticobiliary duct diameter was significantly wider in the AEP group compared to the control group (P<0.01) on the 5th day. The S-MRCP images were evaluated on the 3rd day post-surgery at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 11 min after secretin infusion. Compared to the control group, the pancreatic ducts in the AEP group became dilated and branched which appeared, reaching the largest infusion, the degree of duodenal filling in the AEP group was Grade 2, indicating impaired pancreatic exocrine function in dogs with AEP. In conclusion, MRCP provided excellent comprehensive visualization of the pancreatic and hepatobiliary duct systems in dogs with AEP. S-MRCP effectively detected branched pancreatic ducts and impaired pancreatic exocrine in AEP dogs.

旨在了解犬源金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药现状.采集动物医院就诊犬鼻拭子样本,对金黄色葡萄球菌进行分离、纯化及鉴定,并进行甲氧西林耐药基因mecA和耐药表型检测,同时分析影响携带率的相关因素.结果:共采集229份样品,其中犬鼻腔金黄色葡萄球菌携带率为35.4％(81/229);该菌mecA基因检出率为23.5％(19/81).影响金黄色葡萄球菌携带率的因素有性别和年龄,未发现影响该菌携带mecA基因的因素.金黄色葡萄球菌对青霉素G耐药最严重(耐药率77.78％),对复方新诺明耐药较严重(耐药率为60.49％),对其余药物呈不同水平耐药性(耐药率6.17％-23.46％).以上结果说明,金黄色葡萄球菌在犬中较为流行,犬年龄和性别是影响其携带率的重要因素,同时这些菌株已呈较高耐药性,且存在mecA耐药基因,应加强对该菌流行情况及对兽医临床中抗生素使用的监测.

探究犬胰腺磁共振成像(magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)扫描序列总结归纳犬急性水肿型胰腺炎(acute edematous pancreatitis,AEP)的MRI影像表现.选用10只成年本地杂种犬为研究对象,手术经副胰管逆行注入牛磺胆酸钠与胰蛋白酶混合液建立犬急性水肿型胰腺炎模型,然后进行MRI扫描.MRI多序列扫描图像主观与客观分析结果显示,门控采集快速自旋回波T2加权成像(FSE-T2WI-TRIG)序列与门控采集脂肪抑制快速自旋回波T2加权成像(FSE-T2WI-FS-TRIG)序列评分较高,可作为犬胰腺首选MRI扫描序列,必要时可进行造影增强扫描.FSE-T2WI-TRIG、FSE-T2WI-FS-TRIG序列AEP表现为胰腺体积呈弥散性增大,外形不规则,胰腺实质T2WI信号呈不均匀增高,强度高于同层肝组织信号.胰腺与周围脂肪界限稍有不清,胰腺周围伴有渗出,呈条片状T2WI高信号.造影后胰腺实质不均匀强化,平均强化峰值时间为注射造影剂后60～90 s,存在明显延迟强化.研究结果表明,本研究筛选的MRI扫描序列可用于临床上犬AEP的检查,同时AEP的MRI影像表现可为临床上犬AEP的诊断提供重要的依据.

旨在筛选犬胰腺常规磁共振成像(MRI)扫描序列,获得犬胰腺的MRI影像解剖结构图谱.利用1.5特斯拉(1.5T)磁共振扫描10条健康本地杂种犬,采用梯度回波(GRE)序列、快速自旋回波(FSE)序列、脂肪抑制(FS)、磁共振胰胆管造影(MRCP)、平衡稳态自由进动梯度回波序列(GRE_BSSFP)、弥散加权成像序列(EPI_DWI)对犬胰腺的横断面和冠状面进行了扫描;对所获取的图像进行详尽的解剖学注释,对比了不同成像序列中犬胰腺、胰管等组织结构的显影效果,分析不同序列获得的MRI图像.推荐临床犬胰腺常规MRI扫描序列:横断面FSE、FSE_FS、GRE、EPI_DWI,冠状面FSE_FS,横断面对比增强T1WI,依此得到了一套较为完整的犬胰腺MRI影像解剖图谱.本研究结果可为犬胰腺疾病的影像学诊断提供参考.

确定猫肾脏CT多期增强扫描最佳造影剂使用剂量、注射速率及延迟时间.选择不同剂量的碘海醇(350,400,450,500 mg I/kg)及注射速率(3,4 mL/s)对猫肾脏进行造影,动态扫描测量主动脉、肾皮质CT值,计算主动脉、肾皮质CT增强值(ΔCT),通过比较主动脉及肾皮质ΔCT的变化确定最佳造影条件.使用最佳造影条件对猫肾脏进行造影,动态扫描并绘制肾脏时间—密度曲线,统计肾皮质达峰时间TCP、肾皮质与肾髓质CT值相近的起始时间TNP、观察造影剂排泄至肾盂和膀胱的情况,并计算肾皮质达峰时间与注射时间的差值ΔTCP、肾皮质与肾髓质CT值相近的起始时间TNP与T注射的差值ΔTNP,最终确定各期最佳扫描延迟时间.试验结果表明:最佳造影剂剂量为450 mg I/kg、注射速率3 mL/s,该条件下主动脉及肾皮质ΔCT值较高.计算得出ΔTCP平均为11 s,ΔTNP平均为26 s,各期扫描延迟时间分别为:T皮髓期延迟=T注射+10s,T实质期延迟＝T注射+26 s,T排泄期延迟=2 min,T膀胱期延迟=4 min.按照上述条件可获得满意的猫肾脏CT多期增强扫描图像.

(目的)为探讨犬椎间盘疾病的磁共振诊断方法和手术治疗价值.(方法)对8例犬进行体格检查、神经学检查和磁共振检查,确诊患有椎间盘疾病,并手术治疗.(结果)磁共振图像显示患犬椎间盘脱水、钙化,呈T2WI低信号,并向背侧膨出或突出,压迫脊髓.脊髓受压水肿,呈T2WI高信号.确诊患有椎间盘疾病.行半椎板切除术或背侧椎板切除术进行手术治疗,6只犬预后良好,2只犬预后谨慎.(结论)磁共振检查可以清晰的显示椎间盘疾病,手术治疗根据发病情况预后不定.

本试验旨在确定犬肝多期增强扫描造影剂使用剂量、注射速率及最佳延迟时间.选取不同的碘海醇剂量(500、575、650 mg·kg-1,以I含量计)及速率(2、3 mL·s-1)对犬进行造影,动态扫描,计算造影前后主动脉、门静脉、肝实质CT增强值,确定最佳造影剂剂量及注射速率.然后采用最佳造影剂剂量和注射速率对不同体型的犬进行造影,动态扫描后绘制时间-密度曲线,统计主动脉、门静脉、肝实质的达峰时间,计算达峰时间和注射时间的差值(△tAO/△tsp/△tL),确定各期最佳扫描延迟时间.研究结果显示,当采用575 mg·kg-1、3 mL·s-1的造影剂剂量和注射速率时得到的主动脉、门静脉、肝实质CT增强值较高,可获得较好的增强效果.通过时间-密度曲线分别计算小、中、大3种体型犬的△tAO分别为7、9、4 s,△tsp分别为21、23、17 s,△tL分别为41、44、34 s,各期最佳扫描延迟时间可用公式"注射时间+△tRoi—1/2扫描时间"计算得到.通过临床病例验证,本试验使用的造影剂剂量(575 mg·kg-1)、注射速率(3 mL·s-1)及延迟时间("注射时间+△tAo/△tsp/△tL-1/2扫描时间")临床效果较好,可应用于犬肝疾病的CT造影检查.

The aim of this study was to describe radiography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of enzootic nasal tumors in goats infected with enzootic nasal tumor viruses. Five of six goats with a mean age of 2 years, showed clinical signs of respiratory disease. Head radiographs showed increased density of the unilateral or bilateral nasal cavity in four goats, and a CT scan showed that the space-occupying lesion of the nasal cavity originated from the ethmoid bone and was enhanced homogeneously postcontrast in all goats. The nasal concha was destroyed and the paranasal sinus mucosa was thickened and filled with fluid in some goats. On MRI, the mass exhibited equal or slightly higher signal intensity on T2 weighted images, equal signal intensity on T1 weighted images, a high signal on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images and heterogeneous enhancement postcontrast. After dissection, histopathological examination of the mass and virus genome detection of the nasal secretions confirmed that the intranasal mass was a low-grade adenocarcinoma and that the goats were infected with enzootic nasal tumor virus type 2. In conclusion, CT and MRI have high diagnostic values for enzootic nasal tumors because they match the postmortem findings and are more accurate than radiography.

旨在分析犬椎间盘疝出疾病的发病情况及相关的风险因素,为临床上犬椎间盘疝出疾病的诊断、治疗和预防提供参考.本研究收集了 147例经临床体格检查、神经学检查、核磁共振影像检查综合确诊为椎间盘疝出的病例,回顾性分析了犬椎间盘疝出的类型、发病部位,以及与动物品种、性别、年龄之间的关系.结果显示,4种椎间盘疝出类型中,椎间盘脱出发病数最多,占43.9％;椎间盘疝出部位中,C6-T2脊髓节段发病数最少,T3-L3脊髓节段发病数最多;综合分析动物品种、发病年龄和椎间盘疝出类型,软骨发育不良品种的椎间盘疝出更易发生于成年期,且以椎间盘脱出为主,而其他犬种椎间盘疝出更易发生于老年,以椎间盘突出为主.本研究综合分析椎间盘疝出疾病的发病特点和流行病学特征,填补国内研究空白,为该病临床诊疗提供参考资料.

Tumorigenesis is associated with metabolic abnormalities and genomic instability. Microsatellite mutations, including microsatellite instability (MSI) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH), are associated with the functional impairment of some tumor-related genes. To investigate the role of MSI and LOH in sporadic breast tumors in canines, 22 tumors DNA samples and their adjacent normal tissues were evaluated using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and silver staining for 58 microsatellites. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, promoter methylation analysis and immunohistochemical staining were used to quantify gene expression. The results revealed that a total of 14 tumors (6 benign tumors and 8 breast cancers) exhibited instability as MSI-Low tumors. Most of the microsatellite loci possessed a single occurrence of mutations. The maximum number of MSI mutations on loci was observed in tumors with a lower degree of differentiation. Among the unstable markers, FH2060 (4/22), ABCC9tetra (4/22) and SCN11A (6/22) were high-frequency mutation sites, whereas FH2060 was a high-frequency LOH site (4/22). The ABCC9tetra locus was mutated only in cancerous tissue, although it was excluded by transcription. The corresponding genes and proteins were significantly downregulated in malignant tissues, particularly in tumors with MSI. Furthermore, the promoter methylation results of the adenosine triphosphate binding cassette subfamily C member 9 (ABCC9) showed that there was a high level of methylation in breast tissues, but only one case showed a significant elevation compared with the control. In conclusion, MSI-Low or MSI-Stable is characteristic of most sporadic mammary tumors. Genes associated with tumorigenesis are more likely to develop MSI. ABCC9 protein and transcription abnormalities may be associated with ABCC9tetra instability.

The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of Zn2+- and Cr3+-modified palygorskite (ZCM-Pal) in an experimental E. tenella infection in chickens. ZCM-Pal was produced by cationic ion exchange with Zn2+/Cr3+ and palygorskite (Pal). The anticoccidial activity of ZCM-Pal, Diclazuril was evaluated by comparing the differences in the anticoccidial index (ACI). During the experiment, clinical signs, bloody feces, relative weight gain (RWG), survival rate (SR), cecal lesion scores (LS), and oocysts/gram of feces (OPG) were recorded in all the chickens to calculate the ACI. The results showed that the ACI of the ZCM-Pal group (10 g/kg) was 170.38, indicating moderate activity. The histopathological examination of cecal samples revealed that the ceca from the chickens medicated with ZCM -Pal were intact compared with those from chickens from the infected control. The number of inflammatory infiltrates and parasites in ZCM-Pal group was less than the other groups. The blood endotoxin concentrations were decreased with supplementation of ZCM-Pal. At the end of the experimental period, the weight gain of chickens treated with ZCM-Pal was similar to those in the uninfected control group. These results suggested that ZCM-Pal might be an aid in the control of E. tenella in chickens.

本研究旨在观察羊脑包虫病CT、MRI的特征性影像学表现.选择3只表现出脑包虫病典型症状的新疆细毛羊进行神经学检查及血常规、血清生化检查.对其中2只羊头部进行CT和MRI扫查.最后进行病理剖检,观察病理解剖变化.动物神经学检查发现动物出现眼球震颤,双侧眼睑反射、角膜反射减弱,动物的翻正反应、双侧独轮车反应存在异常;血常规和血清生化检查结果无明显异常;CT影像可见颅内数量不等囊性低密度影,内部CT值与脑脊液相近,边界清晰,有占位效应,囊壁分布大量点状中等到高密度的原头节影像,其余脑组织未见明显异常密度影像.MRI影像可见颅内数量不等囊性病灶,T1WI低信号,T2WI高信号,与脑脊液信号相近,可见沿囊壁分布大量点状T1等信号,T2低信号的原头节影像,病灶周围未见明显异常信号.病理剖检可见充满澄清囊液的寄生虫包囊,内含有数量不等的原头节.寄生虫包囊位置与影像学检查结果一致.结果 说明羊脑包虫病具有特征性的CT和MRI影像学表现,影像学诊断方法可准确定位寄生虫包囊数量和位置,显示病灶累及周围组织的情况,有助于手术治疗计划的制定.

Palygorskite (Pal), a clay nanoparticle, has been demonstrated to be a vehicle for drug delivery. Copper has antibacterial properties, and zinc is an essential micronutrient for intestinal health in animals and humans. However, whether copper/zinc-modified Pal (Cu/Zn-Pal) can protect chickens from Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) infection remains unclear. In this study, three complexes (Cu/Zn-Pal-1, Cu/Zn-Pal-2, and Cu/Zn-Pal-3) were prepared, and Cu/Zn-Pal-1 was shown to be the most effective at inhibiting the growth of S. Typhimurium in vitro, whereas natural Pal alone had no inhibitory effect. In vivo, Cu/Zn-Pal-1 reduced S. Typhimurium colonization in the intestine of infected chickens and relieved S. Typhimurium-induced organ and intestinal mucosal barrier damage. Moreover, this reduction in Salmonella load attenuated intestinal inflammation and the oxidative stress response in challenged chickens. Additionally, Cu/Zn-Pal-1 modulated the intestinal microbiota in infected chickens, which was characterized by the reduced abundance of Firmicutes and the increased abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Our results indicated that the Cu/Zn-Pal-1 complex may be an effective feed supplement for reducing S. Typhimurium colonization of the gut.

旨在研究羊感染肺炎支原体后胸部C T影像学特征.将20只山羊分为2组,对照组5只、试验组15只,试验组通过气管注射感染5 mL绵羊肺炎支原体(1×107 CCU·mL-1)人工诱发山羊支原体肺炎,对照组注射等体积生理盐水.感染后观察两组羊的临床症状,在感染后第0、7、14、21、28天对两组羊胸部进行C T扫查,分析支原体肺炎的C T影像学特征.感染后第29天剖杀羊,观察肺部病理解剖变化.取病变组织制备石蜡切片,观察组织病理学变化.结果显示:试验组山羊感染肺炎支原体后表现出呼吸道感染症状,体温升高,咳嗽,流浆液性或脓性鼻液.胸部CT影像主要表现为片状磨玻璃密度影,网格状阴影,多见双侧肺叶病变,好发于右前叶,以间质性肺炎伴发支气管肺炎为主,其中,重症羊多见空气支气管征,个别羊见胸膜增厚影.对照组临床症状和胸部CT影像在感染前后未见明显差异和异常.综上表明,CT影像诊断技术有利于羊支原体肺炎的早期诊断,并有助于疾病转归的判断.

Early diagnosis of mammary gland tumors is a challenging task in animals, especially in unspayed dogs. Hence, this study investigated the role of microsatellite instability (MSI), MMR gene mRNA transcript levels and SNPs of MMR genes in canine mammary gland tumors (CMT). A total of 77 microsatellite (MS) markers in 23 primary CMT were selected from four breeds of dogs. The results revealed that 11 out of 77 MS markers were unstable and showed MSI in all the tumors (at least at one locus), while the other markers were stable. Compared to the other markers, the ABC9TETRA, MEPIA, 9A5, SCNA11 and FJL25 markers showed higher frequencies of instability. All CMT demonstrated MSI, with eight tumors presenting MSI-H. The RT-qPCR results revealed significant upregulation of the mRNA levels of cMSH3, cMLH1, and cPMSI, but downregulation of cMSH2 compared to the levels in the control group. Moreover, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were observed in the cMSH2 gene in four exons, i.e., 2, 6, 15, and 16. In conclusion, MSI, overexpression of MMR genes and SNPs in the MMR gene are associated with CMT and could be served as diagnostic biomarkers for CMT in the future.

为了诊断8岁萨摩耶患犬腹腔不明肿块,采用临床检查、实验室检查、影像学检查、病理诊断等方法,检测其一般体征、血液指标、影像表现及病理组织形态.结果 显示:超声显示有一巨大异常不均质回声团块,后壁回声增强,团块边界不清,形态不规整,与肝脏邻接且血流异常丰富;CT增强扫描显示肿块略低密度或等密度占位性病变,边界清楚;病理组织学诊断可见肿瘤呈扩张性生长,边缘没有浸润性,正常肝小叶结构丧失,缺乏门静脉束,小梁取向异常.结论:该犬所患为肝腺瘤,需手术切除并后续跟踪治疗.期望该病例能丰富肝腺瘤病例资料,以供类似疾病诊疗时作为参考.

提取南京地区经鉴定确诊为犬吉氏巴贝斯虫感染病犬血液中的DNA,设计引物采用PCR方法扩增犬吉氏巴贝斯虫HSP70基因,克隆至pET-32a质粒中,转化Rosetta-gami (DE3) pLyS大肠杆菌,利用IPTG诱导表达得到重组热休克蛋白(heat shock protein 70,HSP70).用Ni柱纯化重组HSP70蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠制备抗血清,并分析重组蛋白的免疫原性及反应原性.本研究成功构建了pET-32a-hsp70重组质粒,IPTG诱导后表达出可溶的重组HSP70蛋白.经过Western blot分析,表达的重组蛋白不但能够免疫小鼠产生抗体,还可以和天然犬吉氏巴贝斯虫抗血清发生特异性反应,为进一步建立犬巴贝斯虫免疫血清学诊断和疫苗抗原的开发奠定基础.

为明确各种肝脏肿块性疾病的CT影像学特征,收集临床上肝脏疾病病例进行CT平扫和CT造影检查,最后通过组织病理学检查对肿块性质进行诊断.总结3种肝脏肿块的影像表现可以看出,肝脏结节性增生边界清晰且肿块实质呈均匀低密度表现,造影后均匀强化;肝细胞腺瘤界限不清,肿瘤内部密度不均匀,造影后肿块实质普遍增强,缓慢强化;肝细胞癌形状不规则,内部密度不均匀,常表现为囊性变化,造影后动脉期强化明显,静脉期强化减弱,呈快进快出表现.上述影像学特征为临床上犬肝脏肿块性疾病的诊断和鉴别诊断提供了参考依据.

为了研究山羊支气管肺炎的计算机断层扫描(CT)影像表现,将10只山羊随机分为2组.试验组、对照组各5只,试验组通过气管内注射血清A型多杀性巴氏杆菌标准菌(4×108 CFU/mL)人工诱发山羊的支气管肺炎,对照组注射等体积无菌PBS;观察接种前、后各组山羊的临床症状、体温及全血白细胞数等指标,并同时在接种前和接种后第1、3、5天对胸部进行CT扫描,比较两组影像学差异,观察山羊肺部病理解剖学变化.结果 显示:接种前后体温、全血白细胞数差异显著;对照组CT影像接种前后未见异常;试验组影像多见两侧肺叶中下部呈现大小不等的片状或结节状的类似软组织密度影,边缘不清,肺纹理紊乱且模糊,支气管壁增粗,支气管扩张,呈“树芽征”及“轨道征”.结果 表明,经气管内接种巴氏杆菌能够成功诱发支气管肺炎,CT影像与山羊支气管肺炎的临床表现密切相关,对山羊支气管肺炎的诊断具有较好的敏感度,有利于鉴别,应成为其较早期诊断的依据之一.