The interactions between microplastics (MPs) and organic pollutants have recently emerged as a critical area of research. While MPs aging is inevitable in natural ecosystems, the mechanisms underlying the heterogeneity of MP aging and its impact on pollutant sorption remain poorly understood. This study investigates the sorption behavior of triclosan (TCS) on both pristine MPs, including polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS), and aged MPs subjected to oxidative aging (Fenton oxidation, heat-activated potassium persulfate, and river-abrasive wear). Aging significantly altered MP sorption capacity. Aged PE exhibited reduced sorption, whereas aged PP showed an increase. Structural analysis revealed that aging modified MP surface morphology, hydrophobicity, and surface charge density, accompanied by an increase in oxygen-containing functional groups. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further demonstrated that these changes influenced intermolecular interactions, including hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces, and electrostatic effects. Spectroscopic analysis and DFT computations confirmed that hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions primarily govern the sorption of MPs and TCS. This study advances our understanding of MP-pollutant interactions and provides insights into the ecological risks associated with composite pollution.

This study investigated the effect of acetic acid on reducing nitrogen losses in pilot-scale chicken manure composting and provided a comprehensive analysis of the distinct roles of abundant and rare bacteria in nitrogen transformation. Acetic acid was added at concentrations of 4.05 (AAL) and 8.09 g/kg (AAH), and physicochemical parameters, ammonia emissions, and bacterial communities were monitored. AAL and AAH reduced thermophilic-phase ammonia emissions by 27.67 % and 12.81 %, respectively, contributing to 53.48 % and 43.34 % of overall nitrogen loss reductions, respectively. Acetic acid enriched rare taxa rather than abundant taxa in the thermophilic phase, which contributed to reduced ammonia emission in AAH by promoting nitrification and ammonia assimilation. Network analysis indicated that nitrogen conversion was related to rare taxa interactions (p < 0.001) rather than abundant taxa interactions, while the relationship was enhanced in AAL but not in AAH. For community assembly, rare taxa were more affected by stochasticity than abundant taxa, while AAH enhanced the stochasticity of rare taxa (p < 0.05) but did not affect that of abundant taxa. Rare taxa assembly was related to nitrogen transformation (p < 0.05), while abundant taxa assembly was not. These results indicated that rare taxa responded differently to varying doses of acetic acid. This study demonstrated that a lower dose of acetic acid was more effective in reducing ammonia emissions during the thermophilic phase of composting and highlighted the importance of rare taxa in nitrogen transformation. This study will promote the application of organic acids for nitrogen retention in manure composting.

Antibiotics are widely used in modern medicine. However, as global antibiotic consumption rises, environmental contamination with antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) is becoming a serious concern. The impact of antibiotic use on human health is now under scrutiny, particularly regarding the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in the environment. This has heightened interest in technologies for treating ARGs, highlighting the need for effective solutions. This review traces the life cycle of ARB and ARGs driven by human activity, revealing pathways from antibiotic use to human infection. We address the mechanisms enabling resistance in ARB during this process. Beyond intrinsic resistance, the primary cause of ARB resistance is the horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of ARGs. These genes exploit mobile genetic elements (MGEs) to spread via conjugation, transformation, transduction, and outer membrane vesicles (OMVs). Currently, biological wastewater treatment is the primary pollution control method due to its cost-effectiveness. However, these biological processes can promote ARG propagation, significantly amplifying the environmental threat posed by antibiotics. This review also summarizes key mechanisms in the biological treatment of antibiotics and evaluates risks associated with major ARB/ARG removal processes. Our aim is to enhance understanding of ARB risks, their pathways and mechanisms in biotreatment, and potential biomedical applications for pollution control.

Recovering gold from wastewater has both economic and environmental benefits. However, how to effectively recover it is challenging. In this work, a novel Fe-based metal-organic framework (MOF) was synthesized and decorated with 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid to have a well-developed porous architecture to effectively recover Au(III) from water. The maximum Au(III) sorption capacity by the finally-synthesized porous material MIL-101(Fe)-TDCA reached 2350 mg/g at pH = 6.00 ± 0.15, which is one of the highest among all literature-reported relevant materials including MOFs, and high sorption strength can be maintained within a wide pH range from 2.0 to 10.0. Besides, Au(III) sorption efficiency at low concentrations (i.e., 3.5 × 10−4 mg/mL) reached over 99 %. Mechanically, outstanding Au(III) sorption by MIL-101(Fe)-TDCA resulted from the O/N/S-containing moieties on its surface, large surface area and porosity. The N- and S-containing functionalities (CS, CONH) served as electron donors to chelate Au(III). The O-containing (FeOFe, COFe, COOH, and coordinated H2O) and N-containing (CONH) moieties on MIL-101(Fe)-TDCA interacted with OH groups on the hydrolyzed species of Au(III) (AuCl3(OH)−, AuCl2(OH)2−, and AuCl(OH)3−) by hydrogen bond, which further increased Au(III) sorption. Furthermore, about 45.71 % of Au(III) was reduced to gold nanoparticles by CS groups on the decorated 2,5-dithiophene dicarboxylic acid during sorption on MIL-101(Fe)-TDCA. Over 98.35 % of Au(III) was selectively sorbed on MIL-101(Fe)-TDCA at pH 4.0, much higher than that of the coexisting heavy metal ions including Cu(II), Zn(II), Pb(II), and Ni(II) (<5 %), despite their same concentration at 0.01 mg/mL. Although sorption selectivity of a noble metal Pt(IV) by MIL-101(Fe)-TDCA is relatively poor (68.23 %), it could be acceptable. Moreover, reusability of MIL-101(Fe)-TDCA is also excellent, since above 90.5 % Au(III) still can be sorbed after two sorption-desorption cycles. Overall, excellent sorption performance and the roughly-calculated gold recycling benefits (26.30 %) highlight that MIL-101(Fe)-TDCA is a promising porous material for gold recovery from the aqueous phase.

This study focuses on the occurrence status and removal efficiency of microplastics in wastewater treatment plant processes. Analysis of effluent and sludge samples from the Wulongkou and Shuangqiao wastewater treatment plants in Zhengzhou revealed an overall microplastic removal efficiency of 95.64% and 92.53%, respectively, indicating the effectiveness of wastewater treatment plants in reducing microplastic emissions. Microplastics primarily exist in forms such as fiber, fragment, floc, film, and grain. Fibers are predominant in the effluent of the Wulongkou plant, while fibers and films predominate in the effluent of the Shuangqiao plant. Moreover, microplastics are predominantly sized below 500 μm, with larger microplastics (2–5 mm) exhibiting higher removal efficiencies after secondary treatment. Analysis of microplastic types revealed that PE is the most common type in the effluent of the Wulongkou plant, while the Shuangqiao plant predominantly contains PE and PA66. The abundance of microplastics in sludge samples was found to be 6.4 ± 0.8 items/g and 11.3 ± 2.3 items/g, highlighting sludge as an important sink for microplastics. Surface analysis of microplastics revealed characteristics such as wrinkles and cracks, with energy-dispersive spectroscopy indicating significant adsorption of heavy metal elements such as Zn, Hg, and Pb onto microplastic surfaces in sludge. These findings underscore the importance of microplastic removal in wastewater treatment processes and provide scientific evidence for the control and management of microplastic pollution in the future.

The treatment and resource utilization of a large amount of anaerobically treated livestock and poultry manure has become a significant research focus in sewage treatment due to the rapid expansion of large-scale live-stock and poultry farms in China.This article discussed the drawbacks and limitations of traditional biochemical treatment methods and microalgae technology in biogas slurry resource treatment,and explored the emergence and progression of bacteria-algae symbiosis technology in this area.The research status of bacteria-algae symbiosis technology were systematically examined,including the development and application of reactors,the selection of functional bacterial and algal species,the determination of bacteria-algae inoculation ratio,and the development of bacteria-algae granular sludge,all based on the mechanism and efficiency of biogas slurry treatment.Additionally,the research direction of bacteria-algae symbiosis technology in the field of biogas slurry treatment and resource uti-lization was analyzed,emphasizing the potential of bacteria-algae granular sludge resource utilization technology as a pivotal research area in biogas slurry resource treatment technology.

The algae-bacterial granular sludge (ABGS) technology has garnered significant attention due to its remarkable attributes of low carbon emissions. To investigate the performance of the ABGS system under various substrate loading rates, the parallel photo-sequencing batch reactors (P1 and P2) were set up. The results indicated that chlorophyll-a content and extracellular polymeric substance content were measured at 10.7 +/- 0.3 mg/L and 61.4 +/- 0.7 mg/g SS in P1 under relatively low substrate loading rate (0.9 kg COD/m3/d and 0.09 kg N/m3/d). Moreover, kinetic study revealed that the maximal specific P uptake rate for P1 reached 0.21 mg P/g SS/h under light conditions, and it achieved 0.078 mg P/g SS/h under dark conditions, highlighting the significant role on phosphorus removal played by algae in the ABGS system. The microbial analysis and scanning electron microscopy confirmed that filamentous algae predominantly colonize the surface in P1, whereas spherical bacteria dominate the surface of granular sludge in P2. Additionally, a diverse array of microorganisms including bacteria, algae, and metazoa such as Rotifers and Nematodes were observed in both systems, providing evidence for the establishment of a symbiotic system. This study not only confirmed the ability of ABGS for efficient N and P removal under different substrate loading conditions but also highlighted its potential to enhance the ecological diversity of the reaction system.

This study investigated the effectiveness of various surfactants at different concentrations in removing high concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from soil with high mineral content, focusing on the impact of surfactant treatment on the mobility of the residual PAHs in soil. The results revealed that the cationic surfactant (CTMAB) inhibited removal of PAHs in the whole tested concentration range of 0.1-8 g/L. In contrast, the non-ionic and anionic surfactants (Triton X-100 and SDBS) significantly enhanced removal of PAHs as their amendment concentrations reached 2 g/L and above. Triton X-100 exhibited steadily increased efficacy with increasing amendment concentrations and maintained favorable solubilization capability when continuously amended, making it the preferable choice for remediating PAHs-contaminated soil. Surfactant and water washing processes altered soil physicochemical properties by removing some clay minerals (e.g., faujasite) and organic matter that can bind or sequester PAHs, potentially increasing their extractability and bioavailability in the washed soil, thereby posing higher ecological risks compared to the original one. Although soil washing decreased retention of the remaining PAHs in soil, it did not significantly impact PAHs release from soil by flowing water. These findings provide insights into the long-term effectiveness and ecological impacts of surfactant-enhanced washing as a potential remediation technique for PAHs-contaminated soil.

Recovering gold from wastewater has both economic and environmental benefits. However, how to effectively recover it is challenging. In this work, a novel Fe-based metal-organic framework (MOF) was synthesized and decorated with 2,5-thiophenedicarboxylic acid to have a well-developed porous architecture to effectively recover Au(III) from water. The maximum Au(III) sorption capacity by the finally-synthesized porous material MIL-101(Fe)-TDCA reached 2350 mg/g at pH = 6.00 +/- 0.15, which is one of the highest among all literature-reported relevant materials including MOFs, and high sorption strength can be maintained within a wide pH range from 2.0 to 10.0. Besides, Au(III) sorption efficiency at low concentrations (i.e., 3.5 x 10(4) mg/mL) reached over 99%. Mechanically, outstanding Au(III) sorption by MIL-101(Fe)-TDCA resulted from the O/N/S-containing moieties on its surface, large surface area and porosity. The N- and S-containing functionalities (CS, CONH) served as electron donors to chelate Au(III). The O-containing (FeOFe, COFe, COOH, and coordinated H2O) and N-containing (CONH) moieties on MIL-101(Fe)-TDCA interacted with OH groups on the hydrolyzed species of Au(III) (AuCl3(OH)(-), AuCl2(OH)(2)(-), and AuCl(OH)(3)(-)) by hydrogen bond, which further increased Au(III) sorption. Furthermore, about 45.71% of Au(III) was reduced to gold nanoparticles by CS groups on the decorated 2,5-dithiophene dicarboxylic acid during sorption on MIL-101(Fe)-TDCA. Over 98.35% of Au(III) was selectively sorbed on MIL-101(Fe)-TDCA at pH 4.0, much higher than that of the coexisting heavy metal ions including Cu(II), Zn(II), Pb(II), and Ni(II) (< 5%), despite their same concentration at 0.01 mg/mL. Although sorption selectivity of a noble metal Pt(IV) by MIL-101(Fe)-TDCA is relatively poor (68.23%), it could be acceptable. Moreover, reusability of MIL-101(Fe)-TDCA is also excellent, since above 90.5% Au(III) still can be sorbed after two sorption-desorption cycles. Overall, excellent sorption performance and the roughly-calculated gold recycling benefits (26.30%) highlight that MIL-101(Fe)-TDCA is a promising porous material for gold recovery from the aqueous phase.

IntroductionMicroplastics (MPs), identified as emerging contaminants, have been detected across diverse environmental media. Their enduring presence and small size facilitate the adsorption of organic pollutants and heavy metals, leading to combined pollution effects. MPs also accumulate in the food chain thus pose risks to animals, plants, and human health, garnering significant scholarly attention in recent years. Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) technology emerges as an innovative approach to wastewater treatment. However, the impacts of MPs on the operational efficiency and microbial characteristics of AGS systems has been insufficiently explored.MethodsThis study investigated the effects of varying concentration (10, 50, and 100 mg/L) of biodegradable MPs (Polylactic Acid, PLA) and non-biodegradable MPs (Polyethylene Terephthalate, PET) on the properties of AGS and explored the underlying mechanisms.Results and discussionsIt was discovered that low and medium concentration of MPs (10 and 50 mg/L) showed no significant effects on COD removal by AGS, but high concentration (100 mg/L) of MPs markedly diminished the ability to remove COD of AGS, by blocking most of the nutrient transport channels of AGS. However, both PLA and PE promoted the nitrogen and phosphorus removal ability of AGS, and significantly increased the removal efficiency of total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) and total phosphorus (TP) at stages II and III (P < 0.05). High concentration of MPs inhibited the growth of sludge. PET noticeably deteriorate the sedimentation performance of AGS, while 50 mg/L PLA proved to be beneficial to sludge sedimentation at stage II. The addition of MPs promoted the abundance of Candidatus_Competibacter and Acinetobacter in AGS, thereby promoting the phosphorus removal capacity of AGS. Both 50 mg/L PET and 100 mg/L PLA caused large amount of white Thiothrix filamentous bacteria forming on the surface of AGS, leading to deterioration of the sludge settling performance and affecting the normal operation of the reactor. Comparing with PET, AGS proved to be more resistant to PLA, so more attention should be paid to the effect of non-biodegradable MPs on AGS in the future.

Ammonia is emitted from compost piles with inherent spatial heterogeneity, while adjusting carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratios can mitigate ammonia emissions. However, the role of spatial heterogeneity in composting bacterial communities mediating nitrogen conversion remains unclear. This study explored bacterial spatial heterogeneity at different locations in piles and its links to ammonia emission during chicken manure composting under increased C/N ratios. Compared with manure-only composting (C/N ratio 7), composting under increased C/N ratios of 16 reduced ammonia emissions by 57.60 % and 22.62 % by adding pine wood and peanut shell, respectively. Meanwhile, significant spatial variations in Sobs, Shannon, and node numbers (P < 0.05) during manure-only composting became insignificant due to C/N ratio increases. Null model and neutral community model showed that stochasticity strongly drove community assembly in all treatments. Assembly process balancing became spatially consistent under increased C/N ratios, shaping the corresponding reduced spatial heterogeneity in alpha-diversity and networks. The variation patterns of spatial heterogeneity in Sobs, node numbers, and dispersal limitation ratios were similar to that of cumulative ammonia emission decreasing with increasing C/N ratio. Additionally, cumulative ammonia emission was positively associated with spatial heterogeneity in Sobs (R-2 = 0.49, P < 0.05) and dispersal limitation ratios (R-2 = 0.53, P < 0.05), while the heterogeneity explained 60.33 % of ammonia variations. This study demonstrated that reduced bacterial spatial heterogeneity was associated with ammonia emission reductions under increased C/N ratios. The improved understanding of bacterial spatial heterogeneity during composting will provide a new perspective for indicating and regulating ammonia emissions.

Herein, a series of Cu, Ni catalysts were synthesized using mesoporous SiO2 (MCM-41) and fumed SiO2 as supports for the catalytic hydrogenation of furfural (FF). The MCM-41 support facilitated the high dispersion of Cu, Ni nanoparticles (NPs), and the hydrogenation products are primarily in the form of alcohols. For fumed SiO2, the proper amounts of acid sites contributed to the better selectivity of 2-methyltetrahydrofuran(2-MTHF). Hydrogenation results showed that the 10Cu10Ni/MCM-41 catalyst afforded a 93.6 % yield of tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA), while the 10Cu10Ni/SiO2 catalyst afforded a 61.73 % yield of 2-MTHF and a 31.63 % yield of THFA. Meanwhile, it is also found that impregnating nickel salt before copper salt is more likely to promote the formation of deep hydrogenation products. Cyclic experiments indicate that developing a one-step hydrogenation process with selective production of fully hydrogenated products is still a daunting and challenging task.

Nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs) have been considered as an excellent metal-free activator for persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes. However, the critical role of N-doping in the activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and peroxydisulfate (PDS) remains a significant difference even opposed in scientific understanding. Herein, the CNTs and N-CNTs were used to active PMS and PDS for degradation of neonicotinoid insecticides (NNIs), one of the emerging refractory organic pollutants. The N-CNTs achieve 92.6% of nitenpyram (Nit) degradation within only 10min under PMS system, much higher than that of CNTs/PMS system (~10%). Moreover, the N-CNTs can active PMS to conduct degradation through a combined 1O2 and electron transfer process with k of 4.94 × 10-2L·mg-1·min-1, which was quite different from N-CNTs/PDS system (single electron transfer process, k = 1.84 × 10-3 L·mg-1·min-1). A positive correlation between degradation rates of five NNIs and their electron-donating ability is established, further verifying the importance of electron transfer in NNIs degradation. This study proves the superiority of N-CNTs/PMS over N-CNTs/PDS in Nit degradation and the underlying mechanisms, and reveals the importance of electron-donating ability of NNIs in their degradation by N-CNTs/PMS. These findings are of great significance for their removal from the environment.

Proper management of nitrogen-containing pig manure is crucial to realize its benefits of supporting plants-grow as fertilizer while minimizing its impact on the environment and climate change. Dry collection, rinsing and water submerging are manure cleaning techniques adopted in different types of pig farms and in different regions. As the first step of manure management, manure cleaning technique affects manure generation and nitrogen flow in the subsequent treatment and utilization processes. This short communication is to discuss different manure cleaning techniques and their impacts on nitrogen flow through pig manure management processes. Reducing nitrogen losses should focus on solid manure treatment such as composting when manure is dry collected. More diversified pathways of nitrogen losses are possible when manure is cleaned using water submerging technique. It is thus needed to develop proper and specific nitrogen management strategies and technologies, taking into account the manure cleaning technique adopted in pig farms.

Earthworms (Eisenia fetida) were exposed to individual and binary mixture of imidacloprid (IMI) and dinotefuran (DIN) at 0.05 and 0.5 mg/kg for 28 days to investigate their bioaccumulation, transformation and toxicity. IMI was more easily absorbed by earthworms than DIN, and worms didn't accumulate or generate toxic metabolites. The obvious accumulation of neonicotinoids during later period caused significant neural dysfunction, especially when exposed to high-concentration IMI. Meanwhile, oxidative stress indicated by decreased SOD/CAT activity (33.2 %-68.1 %) and increased MDA (38.4 %-55.0 %) was induced by binary exposure with high-concentration IMI. By contrast, coelomocytes responded earlier and more strongly than oxidative responses. Coelomocytes' viability and mitochondrial membrane potential were inhibited (23.6 %-91.7 %) mainly by IMI and binary exposure. Coelomocytes' lactate dehydrogenase activity exerted a fluctuating pattern, suggesting irregular disturbance on cellular functions. This study highlights the role of coelomocytes and the need to consider binary/multiple scenarios and transformation of neonicotinoids in their risk assessment to earthworms.

Wheat straw (WS) has long been subjected to rough treatment by traditional incineration, which not only results in the waste of biomass resources but also poses a risk of atmospheric pollution and is not conducive to the sustainable utilization of natural resources. With great humification potential, WS can be utilized as a valuable composting material. The study optimized the C/N ratio by mixing WS and chicken manure (CM) as composting raw materials, and found that this method could significantly improve the compost quality. In comparison to the conventional poplar woodchip (PW) conditioning, the incorporation of WS resulted in an elevated composting temperature, an extended high-temperature period, a more expeditious lignocellulose degradation, a notable enhancement in the organic matter content, a suppression of hydrogen sulfide production under low C/N ratio, and a promotion of elemental sulfur conversion, collectively contributing to an enhanced overall quality and environmental friendliness of the compost. Correlation analysis of microbial communities and environmental factors demonstrated that the mixed compost facilitated the growth of actinomycetes and sulfur-transforming bacteria. Additionally, structural equation model indicated that parameters such as temperature and pH value played a key role in the composting process.

In this study, the effect of arsenic on the sulfamethoxazole (SMX) removal efficiency and microbial community structure was investigated over 60 days using the SBR process. The results showed that the presence of arsenic had no significant impact on the system performance, the removal efficiencies of two reactors, R1 (the control test) and R2 (with the addition of arsenic), were 13.36 ± 5.71 and 14.20 ± 5.27%, which were attributed to the adsorption of SMX by fulvic acid-like substances and tryptophan-like proteins of extracellular polymeric substances. Compared to the seed sludge, the species number indicated that R2 possessed the richer diversity, while R1 possessed the lower diversity on day 60, which might be relative to the transferring of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in sludge bacterial communities; the minute amounts of arsenic could make the relative levels of Sul1 and Sul2 genes which encode ARGs of sulfonamides in R2 (2.07 and 2.47%) be higher than that in R1 (1.65 and 1.27%), which made the bacterial community of the R2 system more adaptable to SMX stress. Therefore, the minute amounts of arsenic weakened the effect of SMX on the system and enhanced the stability of the microbial community structure.

为阐明典型集约化蛋鸡养殖舍氮素排放特征,以及为集约化蛋鸡舍后续氨减排措施的研究提供基础数据和技术支撑,以河南省禹州市某典型笼养型蛋鸡舍为研究对象,利用高灵敏电化学氨气检测传感器在秋、冬季采用多点连续监测方法分析了蛋鸡舍内温度与湿度对鸡舍外排气体中NH3浓度的影响.结果表明,秋季舍内温度日夜相差不明显,平均温度为24.0℃;冬季相对于秋季舍内外温差较大,舍内温度日夜相差较大,平均温度为21.4℃.秋季舍内湿度日夜相差较大,每日平均湿度为52%;冬季舍内湿度日夜相差较小,冬季每日平均湿度为46.4%.秋、冬季蛋鸡舍出风口处外排NH3浓度分别为0～8.68 mg·m-3和0～5.4 mg·m-3.外排NH3浓度随清粪频率呈现出当次清粪完成后外排NH3浓度最低,随后伴随养殖舍内鸡粪不断累积而增加直到下次清粪开始前达到最高,外排浓度的周期性变化趋势且与舍内温度、湿度呈正相关关系.监测数据表明优化集约化笼养型养殖舍的粪污清理过程和对舍内温湿度精准调控是目前养殖条件下大幅减少氨排放的有效路径.

废弃塑料在自然条件下会通过物理化学和生物分解等作用被分解为尺寸更小的微塑料(MPs),因MPs在环境中的广泛分布及潜在的生态健康风险,其在近期受到了广泛关注.有研究报道,黄粉虫(Tenebrio molitor)能够摄食聚苯乙烯(PS)泡沫塑料,并对PS的降解能力和降解率较高,但关于不同粒径聚苯乙烯微塑料对黄粉虫生物毒性的研究较少.采用黄粉虫为受试生物,通过向黄粉虫喂食不同比例的聚苯乙烯微塑料与麸皮的组合以及不同粒径PS小球,测定试验周期内黄粉虫生物学指标及生物组织内抗氧化酶水平等参数,探究并分析不同粒径与不同摄食比例的微塑料对黄粉虫生命体征和组织水平生物毒性的影响作用.结果表明:①粒径会影响黄粉虫对PS的摄食,进而影响其生物利用度;②25％的高密度苯乙烯(HDPS)与麸皮掺杂饲养会抑制黄粉虫的生长发育;③有麸皮饲养的条件下,黄粉虫摄食PS对其自身生理毒性的影响较小,但还是会对其存在一定的细胞损伤.本研究结果可为后续利用黄粉虫降解废弃塑料与微塑料污染研究提供依据.

TiO2/BiOCl heterojunction photocatalysts with different Ti/Bi weight ratios were synthesized by hydrothermal method and used for the photodegradation of norfloxacin (NOF). The as-prepared photocatalysts were charac-terized. The influences of temperature, catalyst dosage, initial NOF concentration and pH on the photo -degradation performance were examined. Based on the results of HPLC-MS, intermediates and possible degradation pathways for NOF degradation were proposed. Based on TOC and 3D EEMs analysis, the mineral-ization ability of TiO2/BiOCl composites on NOF molecules was investigated. Finally, the possible mechanism for the enhancement of photocatalytic activity of TiO2/BiOCl photocatalyst was presented based on the density functional theory (DFT) calculations, experimental results of radical trapping and analysis of the charge transfer scheme under the internal electric field (IEF) formed in the heterostructure.