Commensal intestinal bacteria play key roles in regulating host immune tolerance; however, bacterial strains and related metabolites directly involved in this regulation are largely unknown. Here, using a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis combined with different antibiotic treatment, Enterobacter ludwigii, abundant in microbiota of mice treated with metronidazole, is screened out to have prophylactic and therapeutic effects on DSS-induced colitis with or without the presence of complex intestinal bacteria. E. ludwigii is found to induce CD103+DC and regulatory T (Treg)-mediated immune tolerance for colitis remission using in vitro and in vivo experiments. Moreover, choline, one metabolite of E. ludwigii, is identified to increase dendritic cells' (DCs) immune tolerance to promote Treg differentiation. E. ludwigii is found to induce DCs' immune tolerance ability for Treg differentiation through choline and α7nAChR-mediated retinoic acid (RA) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) upregulation, resulting in protecting mice against DSS-induced colitis. This study suggests potential therapeutic approaches for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs).

CNF1 is a key toxin secreted by UPEC, which induces inflammation during UPEC infections. CNF1 is well known to activate Rho GTPases to disturb host cell signaling pathways.

Abstract Purpose: To assess differences in post-surgical radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) density changes between femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) and conventional phacoemulsification surgery (CPS) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).Methods: Fifty-two eyes of 52 patients were enrolled in this study. Depending on their preference, patients with age-related cataract underwent FLACS or CPS. Automated peripapillary maps and capillary density calculations were retrospectively evaluated using OCTA before surgery and on day 1 and months 1 and 3 postoperatively.Results: The whole-image and peripapillary RPC densities were lower at day 1 and months 1 and 3 postoperatively than before surgery in the FLACS group (all P < 0.05). However, there was no change in the whole-image and peripapillary RPC densities before and after surgery, across different time-points, in the CPS group (all P > 0.05). Moreover, comparison of data corresponding to each time-point between the FLACS and CPS groups showed no significant differences in any metrics prior to surgery (all P > 0.05). However, the whole-image and peripapillary RPC densities were significantly different at day 1 and month 1 after the surgery (all P < 0.05). At the 3-month follow-up, we did not observe significant differences (all P > 0.05). Conclusions: Postoperative whole-image and peripapillary RPC densities were lower in the FLACS group than in the CPS across time-points. While the short-term RPC density changes were resolved, to elucidate the long-term implications of FLACS, especially for eyes with glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, etc., further investigations are required.

Background: In myopic anisometropia, investigation of alterations in the retinal capillary network may reveal the myopic pathophysiology and facilitate development of improved treatment and prevention strategies. This study aimed to evaluate alterations in retinal vessel density in patients with myopic anisometropia using optical coherence tomography angiography. Methods: Twenty-one patients with myopic anisometropia were divided into longer axial eye and contralateral eye groups, based on their axial length measurement by an IOL Master system. Automated macular and peripapillary maps and vessel density calculations were evaluated using optical coherence tomography angiography, and the findings were compared between groups. Results: The longer axial eye group had higher superficial macular vessel density (47.06±3.03% vs. 43.71±3.20%, respectively; P <0.001) and lower radial peripapillary capillary density (50.11±3.56% vs. 52.34±2.74%, respectively; P =0.013) than did the contralateral eye group. The spherical equivalent negatively correlated with the superficial macular vessel density ( P =0.021) and superficial parafoveal vessel density ( P =0.014). No significant differences were detected in the deep macular vessel density (49.12±6.32% vs. 46.73±5.30%, respectively; P >0.05), choriocapillary perfusion area (1.92±0.18 mm 2 vs.1.90±0.19 mm 2 , respectively; P >0.05), or foveal avascular zone area (0.27±0.07 mm 2 vs. 0.28±0.07 mm 2 , respectively; P >0.05) between groups. Conclusion: The superficial macular vessel density and radial peripapillary capillary density could be used as indicators to monitor myopic anisometropia development during early-stage retinopathy.

Phthiriasis palpebrarum is a rare type of eyelid infestation. In the present study, a 63-year-old woman presented with a case of phthiriasis palpebrarum, which was initially misdiagnosed as anterior blepharitis. The patient had a 2-month history of repeated episodes of itching and burning sensations and moderate pain in both eyes that were not improved by antibiotic and corticosteroid eye drops. Slit lamp examination revealed lice and nits anchored to the eyelashes. All eyelashes were removed from the base along with lice and nits. The patient recovered fully within 2 weeks with no further management, and no evidence of lice or nits was found at the follow up. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggests that patients presenting with itching of the eyelids and with clinical findings resembling seborrhea accumulation on the eyelashes should be carefully examined by prolonged observation with a slit lamp.

AIM To analyze the optical quality after implantation of toric intraocular lens with optical quality analysis system. METHODS Fifty-two eyes of forty-four patients with regular corneal astigmatism of at least 1.00 D underwent implantation of AcrySof toric intraocular lens, including T3 group 19 eyes, T4 group 18 eyes, T5 group 10 eyes, T6 group 5 eyes. Main outcomes evaluated at 3mo of follow-up, included uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), residual refractive cylinder and intraocular lens (IOL) axis rotation. Objective optical quality were measured using optical quality analysis system (OQAS II(®), Visiometrics, Spain), included the cutoff frequency of modulation transfer function (MTFcutoff), objective scattering index (OSI), Strehl ratio, optical quality analysis system value (OV) 100%, OV 20% and OV 9% [the optical quality analysis system (OQAS) values at contrasts of 100%, 20%, and 9%]. RESULTS At 3mo postoperative, the mean UDVA and CDVA was 0.18±0.11 and 0.07±0.08 logMAR; the mean residual refractive cylinder was 0.50±0.29 D; the mean toric IOL axis rotation was 3.62±1.76 degrees, the mean MTFcutoff, OSI, Strehl ratio, OV 100%, OV 20% and OV 9% were 22.862±5.584, 1.80±0.84, 0.155±0.038, 0.76±0.18, 0.77±0.19 and 0.78±0.21. The values of UDVA, CDVA, IOL axis rotation, MTFcutoff, OSI, Strehl ratio, OV100%, OV20% and OV9% depending on the power of the cylinder of the implantation were not significantly different (P>0.05), except the residual refractive cylinder (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The optical quality analysis system was useful for characterizing the optical quality of AcrySof toric IOL implantation. Implantation of an AcrySof toric IOL is an effective and safe method to correct corneal astigmatism during cataract surgery.

To study associations between type 2 diabetes (T2DM) candidate genes and microvascular complications of diabetes (MVCDs), we performed case-control association studies for both T2DM and MVCDs in Han Chinese subjects. We recruited 1,939 unrelated Han Chinese T2DM patients and 918 individuals with normal blood glucose levels as nondiabetic controls. Among T2DM patients, 1116 have MVCDs, 266 have a history of T2DM of >10 years but never developed MVCDs. Eighty-two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 54 candidate genes were genotyped. Discrete association studies were performed by the PLINK program for T2DM and MVCDs. Significant associations were found among candidate gene SNPs and T2DM, including rs1526167 of the TOX gene (allele A, P = 2.85 × 10 −9 , OR = 1.44). The SNP rs10811661 of the CDKN2A/B gene was also associated with T2DM (allele T, P = 4.09 × 10 −7 , OR = 1.36). When we used control patients with >10 years of T2DM history without MVCD, we found that the G allele of SNP rs1526167 of the TOX gene was associated with MVCD (nominal P = 4.33 × 10 −4 ). In our study, significant associations were found between TOX and CDKN2A/B gene SNPs and T2DM. The TOX polymorphism might account for the higher risk of T2DM and the lower risk of MVCDs in the Han Chinese population.

Femtosecond assisted phacoemulsification is being used in clinic widely. There have been many reports about its safety and effectiveness. In our country, femtophaco is launching and being developed gradually. The early clinical results and experiences showed that femtosecond lasers assisted cataract surgery had less complications and good repeatability with a much shorter learning curve. More importantly, it provided a standardized and precise platform and would become a milestone in the technology renovation of cataract surgery.

Background Kruppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) is related to the physiological or pathological process,such as growth,cell differentiation,proliferation,apoptosis,angiogenesis,tissue repair,and so on.But in ophthalmology,it is less reported about the expressing level of KLF6 protein in lens epithelial cclls (LECs) or the effect of KLF6 on the proliferation of human LECs.Objective This study was to investigate whether KLF6 can inhibit proliferation of human LECs.Methods KLF6 eukaryotic expression plasmid (pEGFP-C2-KLF6) was constructed using reverse transcription PCR(RT-PCR) and identified by double enzyme digestion method and PCR.Human LECs strain (HLE-B3) was cultured and passaged using low glucose DMEM containing 10％ fetal bovine serum and then divided into 4 groups.KLE-B3 transfection reagents were added in the culture medium of all groups.In addition,no agent was used in the blank control group;only insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was appended to the medium in only IGF-1 group ;null vector was transfected and IGF-1 was appended in the null plasmid transfection+ IGF-1 group;while pEGFP-C2-KLF6 eukaryotic expression plasmid was transfected into the cells,and simultaneously IGF-1 was added in the pEGFP-C2-KLF6 plasmid transfection+IGF-1 group.After 24 hours of intervene,water soluble tetrazolium salt-1 (WST-1) test was used to detect the growth status of the cells,and Western blot assay was used to assay the relative expressing level of KLF6 protein in the cells.In the other hand,the cells were cultured at the density of 1 ×104/piece,and 0,0.10 and 0.25 μg pEGFP-KLF6 were transfected into each piece of cells respectively,and then IGF-1 was added with a final concentration of 50 μg/L for 24 hours after cell culture.Expressions of Ki-67 protein and mRNA in the cell pieces were detected by immunocytochemistry and fluorescent semiquantitative PCR,respectively.Results The PCR product bands were consistent with KLF-6 gene in length,and the product fragments were corresponding with expectant ones via PCR and double enzyme digestion method,showing a successful construction of pEGFP-C2-KLF6 eukaryotic expression plasmid.After 24 hours of IGF-1 stimulation,the absorbance values of the cells were 0.86±0.00,2.10±0.01,2.24±0.12 and 1.06±0.02 in the blank control group,only IGF-1 group,null plasmid transfection + IGF-1 group and the pEGFP-C2-KLF6 plasmid transfection + IGF-1 group,with a significant difference among the 4 groups (F =38.322,P ＜ 0.05),and that in the pEGFP-C2-KLF6 plasmid transfection +IGF-1 group was significantly lowed in comparison with the only IGF-1 group and the null plasmid transfection+IGF-1 group (q=6.42,7.31,both at P＜0.05).Western blot assay showed that the relative expressing levels of KLF6 protein were statistically different among the four groups (F =591.858,P＜0.05),and those in the pEGFP-C2-KLF6 plasmid transfection+IGF-1 group were 1.47,2.04,3.27 folds higher than those in the blank control group,only IGF-1 group,respectively and null plssmid transfection+IGF-1 group,respectively.Immunocytochemistry revealed that the expressing intensity of Ki-67 protein was gradually weakened with the decrease of pEGFP-C2-KLF6 plasmid dose in the 0,0.10 and 0.25 μg pEGFP-C2-KLF6 plasmid transfection+IGF-1 groups.Fluorescence semiquantitative PCR results showed that the relative expression values of Ki-67 mRNA in the cells were O.15±0.08 and 0.11±0.03 in the 0.10 μg and 0.25 μg pEGFP-C2-KLF6 plasmid transfection+ IGF-1 groups,which were significantly lower than O.77± 0.12 of the 0 μg pEGFP-C2-KLF6 plasmid transfection group,with a statistically significant difference among the three groups (F =54.825,P＜0.05).Conclusions KLF-6 can effectively inhibit IGF-1-induced proliferation of human LECs,and it can be regarded as one of the regulatory factors of the proliferation of HLE-B3 cells. Key words: Lens;  Epithelial cell;  Cell, cultured;  Kruppel like factor;  Plasmid;  Transfection;  Cell proliferation

Background Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) is related to the physiological or pathological process,such as growth,cell differentiation,proliferation,apoptosis,angiogenesis,tissue repair,and so on.But in ophthalmology,it is less reported about the expressing level of KLF6 protein in lens epithelial cclls (LECs) or the effect of KLF6 on the proliferation of human LECs.Objective This study was to investigate whether KLF6 can inhibit proliferation of human LECs.Methods KLF6 eukaryotic expression plasmid (pEGFP-C2-KLF6) was constructed using reverse transcription PCR(RT-PCR) and identified by double enzyme digestion method and PCR.Human LECs strain (HLE-B3) was cultured and passaged using low glucose DMEM containing 10％ fetal bovine serum and then divided into 4 groups.KLE-B3 transfection reagents were added in the culture medium of all groups.In addition,no agent was used in the blank control group;only insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was appended to the medium in only IGF-1 group ;null vector was transfected and IGF-1 was appended in the null plasmid transfection+ IGF-1 group;while pEGFP-C2-KLF6 eukaryotic expression plasmid was transfected into the cells,and simultaneously IGF-1 was added in the pEGFP-C2-KLF6 plasmid transfection+IGF-1 group.After 24 hours of intervene,water soluble tetrazolium salt-1 (WST-1) test was used to detect the growth status of the cells,and Western blot assay was used to assay the relative expressing level of KLF6 protein in the cells.In the other hand,the cells were cultured at the density of 1 ×104/piece,and 0,0.10 and 0.25 μg pEGFP-KLF6 were transfected into each piece of cells respectively,and then IGF-1 was added with a final concentration of 50 μg/L for 24 hours after cell culture.Expressions of Ki-67 protein and mRNA in the cell pieces were detected by immunocytochemistry and fluorescent semiquantitative PCR,respectively.Results The PCR product bands were consistent with KLF-6 gene in length,and the product fragments were corresponding with expectant ones via PCR and double enzyme digestion method,showing a successful construction of pEGFP-C2-KLF6 eukaryotic expression plasmid.After 24 hours of IGF-1 stimulation,the absorbance values of the cells were 0.86±0.00,2.10±0.01,2.24±0.12 and 1.06±0.02 in the blank control group,only IGF-1 group,null plasmid transfection + IGF-1 group and the pEGFP-C2-KLF6 plasmid transfection + IGF-1 group,with a significant difference among the 4 groups (F =38.322,P ＜ 0.05),and that in the pEGFP-C2-KLF6 plasmid transfection +IGF-1 group was significantly lowed in comparison with the only IGF-1 group and the null plasmid transfection+IGF-1 group (q=6.42,7.31,both at P＜0.05).Western blot assay showed that the relative expressing levels of KLF6 protein were statistically different among the four groups (F =591.858,P＜0.05),and those in the pEGFP-C2-KLF6 plasmid transfection+IGF-1 group were 1.47,2.04,3.27 folds higher than those in the blank control group,only IGF-1 group,respectively and null plssmid transfection+IGF-1 group,respectively.Immunocytochemistry revealed that the expressing intensity of Ki-67 protein was gradually weakened with the decrease of pEGFP-C2-KLF6 plasmid dose in the 0,0.10 and 0.25 μg pEGFP-C2-KLF6 plasmid transfection+IGF-1 groups.Fluorescence semiquantitative PCR results showed that the relative expression values of Ki-67 mRNA in the cells were O.15±0.08 and 0.11±0.03 in the 0.10 μg and 0.25 μg pEGFP-C2-KLF6 plasmid transfection+ IGF-1 groups,which were significantly lower than O.77± 0.12 of the 0 μg pEGFP-C2-KLF6 plasmid transfection group,with a statistically significant difference among the three groups (F =54.825,P＜0.05).Conclusions KLF-6 can effectively inhibit IGF-1-induced proliferation of human LECs,and it can be regarded as one of the regulatory factors of the proliferation of HLE-B3 cells.

AIM:To compare the efficacy and complications of Artisan iris-claw intraocular lens (IOL) implantation and posterior chamber IOL sulcus fixation for the treatment of aphakic eyes without capsular support after vitrectomy. METHODS:A prospective study of 45 cases was conducted. Forty-five eyes without sufficient lens capsule support following pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined lens extraction were divided into two groups. Group A: 25 eyes received Artisan iris-claw IOL implantation. Group B: 20 eyes received posterior chamber IOL sulcus fixation. The corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) and intraocular pressure (IOP), corneal endothelial cell loss rate, surgical time and complications were compared between the two groups. Pigment changes of trabecular meshwork and anterior chamber depths were measured at each time point in Artisan group. RESULTS:The mean surgical time of Artisan group was significantly shorter (P<0.05). No statistically significant difference in endothelial cell loss rate was noted between two groups at any time point (P>0.05). CDVA of Artian group was better than that of the sulcus fixation group 1d after surgery (P<0.05) and there was no statistically significant difference 1 and 3mo after surgery (P>0.05). Mean IOP showed no significant differences between groups before and after surgery. The postoperative complications of Artisan group were anterior uveitis, iris depigmentation, pupillary distortion and spontaneous lens dislocation. The complications of sulcus fixation group include choroidal detachment, intraocular haemorrhage, tilt of IOL optic part and retinal detachment. CONCLUSION:Secondary Artisan IOL implantation can be performed less invasively and in a shorter surgical time period with earlier visual recovery after surgery compared to transscleral suturing fixation of an IOL. This technique is an effective and safe procedure. It is a promising option for the treatment of aphakic eyes without capsular support after vitrectomy.

Since the use of femtosecond laser (FSL) in refractive surgery, it has been expanded to other corneal surgeries and most recently has been applied to cataract surgery. The FSL can create clear corneal incisions and limbus relaxing incisions in any space of different shapes, at a desired depth. This has started the application of the technology in the lens: after a clear image is taken of the lens through a previously dilated pupil, circular capsulotomy is done, with precision in shape and diameter, and then photofragmentation of the nucleus is done, without the risk of damaging the posterior capsule, because it is well visualized, to achieve the aspiration of the nuclear material in lower even without applying phaco energy. In summary, FSL is now used at the level of the lens, with the potentiality for very precise circular and adjustable diameter capsulotomies, and the fragmentation of the nuclear material, allowing the less use of forcep and phaco machine.

Early elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) following pars plana vitrectomy is a common complication of vitreoretinal surgery and severe pressure elevation may result in visual loss. To investigate the mechanism of IOP elevation following pars plana vitrectomy, a retrospective review of 119 patients (132 eyes) who had undergone vitreoretinal surgery was performed. Ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) was used to observe the changes in the structure of the anterior segment following vitrectomy and to compare various parameters pre- and postsurgery. The UBM examination revealed inflammation within the anterior chamber and hyphema with increased IOP. In certain patients, the iris had adhered to the trabecular meshwork and the anterior chamber angle was closed. Cyclodialysis involving the pars plicata and iris was also observed. Furthermore, silicone oil emulsification in the anterior chamber angle and posterior chamber presurgery were noted in certain cases. Edema and forward rotation of the ciliary body resulted in the closure of the anterior chamber angle. The measured parameters indicated that the anterior chamber became shallower and that the anterior chamber angle was narrowed in phakic eyes with elevated IOP. Eyes with elevated IOP and intraocular lenses were not observed to be different from phakic eyes with elevated IOP. This may be due to the fact that an eye with an intraocular lens is thinner than a phakic eye. This study suggests that UBM examination is useful for investigating the pathogenesis of elevated IOP following vitrectomy, and provides a theoretical basis.

Background The accurate calculation of intraocular lens (IOL) power is essential for attaining the desired refractive outcome after cataract surgery,especially for patients with high myopia and posterior scleral staphyloma.Objective This study was to evaluate the clinical feasibility of IOL Master compared with contact A-scan in cataract patients with high myopia and posterior scleral staphyloma,then compare the accuracy of different IOL power calculation formulas.Methods This was a prospective case control clinical research.Fourty-one eyes with age-related cataract of 28 patients underwent phacoemulsification with monofocal foldable IOL implantation in Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital were involved,who were all high myopia with posterior scleral staphyloma.Preoperative measurement was measured with IOL Master as well as with contact A-scan and manual keratometry.IOL power was calculated according to the SRK-Ⅱ,SRK-T,Haigis,Hoffer Q,Holladay 1 formulas.The refractive outcome was followed-up 3 months after operation.Results The difference was significant between the 2 methods in axial length (AL) and anterior chamber depth (ACD) measurement (P =0.005,0.000) ; In corneal curvature measurement,there was no significant difference between them (P =0.398).When mean absolute refractive error (MAE) was divided by ±1.00 D,The SRK/T and Haigis formula performed better than other formulas measured by IOL Master;The Holladay 1,Hoffer Q and Haigis formula performed better than other formulas measured by contact A-scan combined with manual keratometry,respectively.Conclusions For cataract patients with high myopia and posterior scleral staphyloma,SRK/T and Haigis formula were recommended when employing IOL Master; whereas when using contact A-scan combined with manual keratometry,we prefer Holladay 1,Hoffer Q or Haigis formula.

Objective To analyze retraspectively the effect of combined phacoemulsification with modified trabeculectomy.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 95 eyes of 79 patients with combined phacoemulsification and modified trabeculectomy from January 2005 to April 2008.Then procedure started as a one-site approach with phacoemulsification and trabeculectomy through a short scleral tunnel incision.All surgeries were performed by one surgeon.To test the best corrected visual acuity(BCVA),introcular pressure,and complications at 1 day,1 week,1 month,3 months after surgery.Results Follow-up (16.9 ±7.2)mohths,BCVA and IOP were 0.25 ±0.27 and(20.1 ±7.3)mmHg before Surgery.The IOP was respectively(16.3 ±9.2)mmHg,(12.3 ±4.2)mmHg,(14.8 ±5.2)mmHg,(15.1 ±3.1)mmHg,(14.8 ±2.7)mmHg and(14.5 ±2.8)mmHg at 1 day,1 week,1 month,3 month,1 year and last time after surgery.There were statistically difference in IOP between before surgery and every timepoint after surgery(P ＜ 0.05).The BCVA 0.74 ± 0.34 at 1 year after surgcry,showed significent defference with pro-surgery.Complications included temporary shallow anterior chamber(6.3％ of eyes),transient choroidal detachment(11.6％).Postoperatively,27.4％(26/95)of eyes required one or more medications for IOP control; 41.1％(39/95)of eyes required additional 5-Fluorouracil(5-FU)injections(average 3.5 ± 4.2 injections per eye).93.7％(89/95)of eyes achieved qualified success,while 66.3％(63/95)of eyes achieved complete success at 1 year after surgery.Conclusion Combined phacoemulsification and modified trabeculectomy could reduce the surgical trauma,shortern operation time.However,it still requires intensive observation in the early stage,with the use of antimetabolitis when necessary.

Background: Seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC) is caused by seasonal allergens and usually manifests as ocular itching and bulbar conjunctival injection (redness). Treatment options for SAC include corticosteroids and dual-acting antihistamine and mast-cell stabilizers.Objective: Our objective was to compare the efficacy and tolerability of loteprednol etabonate (LE), a C-20 ester-based corticosteroid, with those of olopatadine, a dual-acting antihistamine mast-cell stabilizer, in Chinese patients.Methods: This was a multicenter, randomized, investigator-masked, parallel group study. Patients with acute SAC experiencing grade 4 ocular itching and grade 2 or higher bulbar conjunctival injection received either LE suspension 0.2% QID at 4-hour intervals or olopatadine solution 0.1% BID at 6- to 8-hour intervals bilaterally for 15 days. Primary efficacy end points included the change from baseline (CFB) in ocular itching and bulbar conjunctival injection at day 15. The primary analysis tested the noninferiority of LE suspension 0.2% to olopatadine solution 0.1%. Tolerability outcomes included the incidence of adverse events (AEs), biomicroscopy findings, visual acuity, and intraocular pressure.Results: A total of 300 patients were randomly assigned, and 293 were included in the per-protocol population (LE, n = 147; olopatadine, n = 146). Mean (SD) CFB at day 15 in the LE and olopatadine treatment groups, respectively, was -3.74 (0.47) and -3.28 (0.91) for ocular itching and -1.91 (0.52) and -1.71 (0.59) for bulbar conjunctival injection. The 95% CI for the differences in CFB in ocular itching (-0.59 to -0.27) and bulbar conjunctival injection (-0.27 tc -0.08) was less than the prespecified noninferiority limit of 0.3. Treatment differences in CFB were significantly better with LE compared with olopatadine for both end points (P <= 0.0006). Ocular AEs were few and similar between treatment groups. There were no clinically significant biomicroscopy or visual acuity findings, and no patient experienced a clinically significant increase in intraocular pressure (>= 10 mm Hg).Conclusion: Results of this investigator-masked study with Chinese patients suggest LE suspension 0.2% was noninferior to olopatadine solution 0.1% for the treatment of SAC. Both LE suspension 0.2% and olopatadine solution 0.1% were well tolerated. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01435460. (Clin Ther. 2012;34:1259-1272) (C) 2012 Elsevier HS Journals, Inc. All rights reserved.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the visual outcome of +3.00 D aspheric intraocular lens (IOL) implantation and compare it with the previous +4.00 D aspheric AcrySof ReSTOR multifocal IOL.METHODIt was a case-control study. Sixty patients (120 eyes) from the Tianjin Medical University Eye Center between Jan. 2009 and Dec. 2010 were enrolled into two groups. Twenty patients were assigned to each group respectively. Parameters analyzed included contrast sensitivity, distance uncorrected and best-corrected visual acuity, distance corrected near visual acuity, intermediate visual acuity (60 cm) under bright light condition (100 cd/m(2)) and dim light condition (6 cd/m(2)), through-focus measurement, spectacle independence survey 6 months after second-eye surgery. Independent-samples t tests were used to statistically analyze.RESULTSIn the +3.00D ReSTOR group, LogMAR visual acuity in bright (dim) light was 0.10 (0.24), 0.24 (0.41), 0.14 (0.41) at distant, intermediate and near distance, respectively. While in the +4.00 D ReSTOR group, it was 0.09 (0.23), 0.42 (0.48), 0.15 (0.36), respectively. There was significant difference at intermediate vision between these two groups (P = 0.001). The best near distance was approximately 7 cm out in the +3.00 D IOL group. The percentages of patients not wore glasses for daily activities in +3.00 D and +4.00 D ReSTOR groups were 76% (23/30) and 73% (22/30), respectively. No significant visual interference problems were noted in both groups.CONCLUSIONThe +3.00 D aspheric AcrySof ReSTOR IOL achieves a more satisfactory intermediate distance vision when compared with the +4.00 D aspheric IOL.

PURPOSE:To report on the clinical findings of a case of late opacification of the hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lens (IOLs) in both eyes after cataract surgery.METHODS:A 79-year-old man with a history of decreased visual acuity and complaints of glare and blurred vision in both eyes over the past 3 years. He had received an uneventful phacoemulsification combined with posterior chamber IOL implantation for senile cataract in both eyes 13 years ago, and had undergone neodymium:YAG(Nd:YAG) laser posterior capsulotomy on both eyes 6 years ago, for posterior capsular opacification (PCO). The optical portion of the IOLs showed uniform gray haze. Binocular posterior capsular laser holes were clearly noted.RESULTS:IOL exchange was performed by the same surgeon on both eyes, three days apart. Postoperatively, the patient's visual acuity was elevated to 6/12 (OD) and 6/9 (OS) at 6 months, and intraocular pressure (IOP) reached 16.8 mmHg (OD) and 18.4 mmHg (OS). Neither glare or blurred vision were observed in either eye.CONCLUSION:IOL exchange can be used to effectively manage clinically significant optic opacification.

Objective To investigate the effect of phacoemulsification with 2.2mm and 1.8mm transparent corneal incisions and foldable posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation on corneal astigmatism and visual function. Methods In a prospective study,all 60 eyes of 60 patients with cataract were divided into two groups randomly.Group A and B received superior clear comeal incisions at 11 o' clock and had phacoemulsification (Group A with Intrepid Infmiti System,implanted SN60WF IOLs; Group B with Stellaris System,implanted MI60 IOLs).The changes of visual acuity,corneal astigmatism and corneal thickness were determined pre-operation and 1 day,1 week,4weeks,and 6 weeks post-operation with Standard logarithmic visual acuity charts and Pentacam distinguishly.Using Vector Analysis to calculate Surgery induced astigmatism at 4 weeks and 6 weeks post-operation. Results The corneal astigmatism on the first day after operation was significant in both groups,later decreased gradually and stabilized at 4 weeks post-operation,there was no significant difference,statistically (All P ＞0.05).The surgery induced astigmatism of Group A and B at 4weeks and 6 weeks post-operation was (0.28±0.09)D,(0.27±0.09)D; (0.27±0.10)D,(0.25±0.10)D separately,there was no statistically significant (All P ＞0.05).In visual acuity,corneal thickness in two groups pre-operation and 1 day,1 week,4 weeks,6 weeks post-operation there was no statistically significant (All P ＞0.05). Conclusions The surgery induced astigmatism after phacoemulsification with 2.2mm and 1.8mm transparent comeal incisions is very small.Both groups refractive status become stable quickly,both surgical systems are safe and effective in microcoaxial phacoemulsification.In all the early postoperative can obtain satisfactory uncorrected visual acuity.

OBJECTIVE:To analyze and summarize the clinical aspects, diagnostic methods and treatment principle of the orbit chloroma.METHODS:It was a retrospective case series study. The clinical aspects of 17 orbital chloroma cases were analyzed, which included symptoms, signs, imageology, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.RESULTS:Orbit chloroma was more prevalent in males, and usually occurred in children and individuals under 14 years old. The main symptoms were exophthalmos and orbit masses. B ultrasonic examination was performed in 16 cases, which found that the mass was located in the temporal side of the orbit, with irregular shape and clear edge. Color doppler imaging was performed in 5 cases, which found that the sufficient blood supply signal was the main manifestation. CT scan was performed in 11 cases, which revealed that the mass was located in temporal side of the orbit, with irregular shape, regular density, a clear edge and seldom destruction of the orbital bone. Blood examination was performed in 17 cases, which revealed the increase of white blood cells and the presence of numerous immature blood cells. Sixteen cases were referred to the department of hematology for treatment. In 4 following cases, 2 cases were died within 3 months.CONCLUSIONS:Orbital chloroma can be easily misdiagnosed as other types of malignant orbital tumor in children. The diagnosis of orbital chloroma can be established by radiology and hematological examinations. This tumor can be treated by chemotherapy and radiotherapy.