In the context of carbon neutrality, this study explores spatiotemporal changes in the carbon sinks of forest ecosystems and their carbon neutrality service scope, providing insights for the government to formulate policies and measures to mitigate carbon emissions and achieve carbon neutrality. This study utilizes the net primary productivity (NEP) of vegetation in the Qinling Mountains from 2000 to 2022 to calculate carbon absorption, fits the carbon emission data using the nighttime light data, analyzes the spatiotemporal characteristics of carbon neutrality in the Qinling Mountains, and calculates the spatial service scope of carbon neutrality in the Qinling Mountains using the carbon dioxide diffusion coefficient. (1) From 2000 to 2022, the net ecosystem productivity (NEP) in the Qinling Mountains exhibits a fluctuating growth trend over time, and the spatial distribution is characterized by high values in the west and low values in the east. (2) Over the 23-year period, carbon absorption and carbon emissions in the Qinling Mountains show a fluctuating upward trend, and carbon sequestration exhibits a nonsignificant fluctuating upward trend. Furthermore, the carbon sequestration capacity of different regions in the Qinling Mountains differs significantly: high and medium carbon sequestration areas are mainly concentrated in the western and central parts of the study area, while low and negative carbon sequestration areas are primarily distributed in the northern and eastern-edge areas of the study area. (3) From 2000 to 2022, the carbon neutrality service scope in the Qinling Mountains ranges from 115.50 to 154.36 km, showing a nonsignificant increasing trend over time, with its radiation reaching Gansu Province, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Shanxi Province, Henan Province, Hubei Province, Chongqing Municipality, and Sichuan Province.

Landscape ecological risk assessment (LERA) is the basis of regional landscape pattern optimization, and a tool that can help achieve a win-win situation between regional development and ecological protection. The landscape ecological risk (LER) of the southern end of the Qinling Mountains, China exhibited an increasing trend after the year 2000, but the degree of increase and the spatial and temporal dynamics were not clear, limiting the formulation and implementation of landscape optimization measures in the area. Here, we constructed a landscape pattern risk index ERI by combining data on landscape disturbance and landscape vulnerability from land use information for Shangluo City for years 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020; then, we calculated a LER level and its spatial and temporal dynamics for Shangluo City for years 2000 to 2020. Moran’s I and LISA indices were used to characterize the spatial correlation of ERI in Shangluo City. We found that Shangluo had a large proportion of medium-risk areas, and its LER shifted from medium-high, high in year 2000 to medium risk, medium-low and low risk in year 2020, and LER of Shangluo was clustered in space but the degree of clustering decreased in the past 20 years. We conclude that the development strategy of Shangluo should depend on providing a sustainably-developed environment.

[Purpose/Significance] Exploring the identification and analysis method of patent technology innovation path integrating citation and text features is helpful to avoid the risk of technology innovation, optimize the selection of technology innovation path, and is of great significance to improve the innovation ability of innovation subjects, promote the development of modern industry, and lay out the development strategy of science and technology frontier. [Method/Process] Firstly, based on node2vec model and doc2vec model, the patent reference and text data representation were learned as computable high-dimensional vectors, and then the LDA topic model was used to identify the technical topic and the t-sne algorithm was used to reduce the dimension, and the time dimension was added to build the initial technical innovation path. Finally, vector stitching and fusion were carried out to realize the technology innovation path recognition integrating references and text features based on the vector representation results of patent reference and text features. [Result/Conclusion] Through the demonstration in the field of supercapacitors, it is verified that the technology innovation path identification method proposed in this paper,which integrates citation and text features, can identify the patent technology innovation path efficiently and accurately from the patent documents in specific fields, and the feasibility and effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper are verified.

为减少技术机会分析所需的时间和成本,更快地探索与发现技术机会以支撑相关战略规划,全面系统总结分析大数据视角下技术机会的内涵、热点应用场景和分析方法,基于Web of Science、中国知网中文期刊数据库获取相关中英文文献392篇,根据文献质量评估标准,通过略读、筛选、精读、补充重要文献等步骤,深度解析精选论文内容,梳理研究热点、空白与前沿.结果发现,技术机会发现与识别方法正在借助大数据分析形成一套系统、规范化的研究范式.研究对象上,专利技术创新机会不再局限于热点、空白点、孤立点、离群点等单一界定方式,其知识表示方法在融入技术创新需求中逐步完善与拓展;数据源来上,多源异构数据提供动态、实时、多元化研究视角,应用场景从回顾性的趋势监测转向未来需求的技术预测与风险评估,但支撑产业和企业实际需求的研究仍较少;分析方法上,组合运用文献计量、社会网络分析与大数据分析,方法创新由单一特征的同质网络向融合特征的异构网络发展,所挖掘的技术细粒度越来越高.最后针对目前研究存在的主要问题,提出充分利用多源信息的多维性和功能的多元化,在综合应用各类方法提高定量分析效度的基础上,面向问题与需求开发"规则+统计+知识库+交互"大数据智能创新工具,结合专家专业知识完善技术机会对象特征、性能指标,从而更深入地揭示技术机会细节,更好地支撑企业、国家的科技战略规划.

利用专利文献数据识别技术领域的技术主题演化发展路径并分析其发展趋势,对于科技界、企业界进行专利技术创新具有重要的意义.首先,使用Open IE 5.1进行SAO(subject-action-object)三元组抽取,基于LDA(la-tent Dirichlet allocation)模型进行主题识别,根据TRIZ技术创新思想,基于action语义词典将技术主题划分到四个维度;然后,通过计算SAO三元组之间的相似度来测度技术主题之间的语义关联构建技术主题创新演化路径,并利用可视化技术构建技术主题创新演化路径可视化图谱,利用该图谱辅助分析技术主题演化脉络及其发展趋势.最后,通过石墨烯超级电容器(集流体)领域的实证,对该领域的技术问题(problem to problem,P-P)主题、技术功能(so-lution to solution,S-S)主题、解决方案(problem to solution,P-S)主题和技术效果(solution to problem,S-P)主题的创新演化路径进行解读分析,验证了本研究提出方法的可行性和有效性.

[目的/意义]从微观视角把握研究前沿主题在基金项目、论文数据中的关联关系,有助于准确把握科学知识生长中的研究前沿活动机理,对于研究前沿、新兴趋势识别和多源科技文献融合等工作具有一定的实践指导意义.[方法/过程]首先,利用LDA模型进行基金、论文研究主题探测;然后,综合新兴度、关注度指标和战略坐标图进行初始研究前沿判别,在主题扩散演化滞后效应测度结果基础上进行滞后修正的研究前沿识别;最后,利用ARIMA模型和Word2Vec模型进行研究前沿主题趋势预测分析.[结果/结论]以美国纳米农业领域为例进行了实证研究.研究发现,基金和论文在外部数量和内部主题特征两个层面都显示出一定的滞后性.文章对纳米颗粒在农作物代谢过程中诱导应激机制、用于绿色可持续环境及农业应用的纳米气泡技术、农作物吸收不同剂量下纳米材料的反应与机制等7个研究前沿主题发展趋势进行了预测分析.

Tree line areas exhibited significant changes in response to climate change, including upward migration. Lower tree line dynamics are rarely studied, but as unique features in arid and semi-arid areas, they may influence forest distribution. Here, eight lower tree line plots in a Picea crassifolia Kom. (Qinghai spruce) forest in the arid and semi-arid Qilian Mountains of northwestern China were used to determine changes in tree line location and relationships with meteorological factors during 1968-2018. The results showed that the lower tree line descended by an average of 9.82 m during 1968 to 2018, and exhibited almost no change after 2008. The change in the lower tree line was significantly correlated with the annual average temperature (°C) and annual precipitation (mm) and may be affected by human activities. In the past 50 years, the lower tree line in arid areas exhibited a downward trend. Our findings indicate that the movement of the lower tree line is also an important aspect of climatic changes in coniferous forest distribution in arid and semi-arid mountains.

[目的/意义]核心专利的识别对于科技和产业创新发展具有重大意义,专利对于基础研究的支撑和产业应用的推动是测度专利价值的必要因素.[方法/过程]立足创新链的相关理论重新界定核心专利,根据专利对于创新链中基础研究、应用研究和产业应用3个创新环节的推动或支撑作用构建相应的测度指标及筛选方法,并以白血病相关药物为实证对象验证方法的有效性.[结果/结论]识别出对白血病领域基础研究、应用研究、产业应用具备支撑和推动作用的核心专利,相关专利药物在产业领域内具备高度创新性和价值性.结果表明,在创新链视角下基于专利对基础研究和产业应用的作用可用于产业核心专利的识别.

Larix chinensis Beissn., as a native, dominant and climate-sensitive coniferous species at Mount Taibai timberline, Qinling mountains, is rarely disturbed by anthropogenic activities; thus, it is an ideal proxy for the investigation of climate change or vegetation evolution. In this study, we applied dendrochronological methods to the L. chinensis tree-ring series from Mt. Taibai and investigated the relationships between tree-ring widths and NDVI/climate factors using Pearson correlation analysis. On the basis of the remarkable positive correlations (r = 0.726, p < 0.01, n = 23) between local July normalized difference vegetation indices (NDVI) and tree-ring width indices, the regional 146-year annual maximum vegetation density was reconstructed using a regression model. The reconstructed NDVI series tracked the observed data well, as the trans-function accounted for 52.8% of observed NDVI variance during AD 1991–2013. After applying an 11-year moving average, five dense vegetation coverage periods and six sparse vegetation coverage periods were clearly presented. At a decadal scale, this reconstruction was reasonably and negatively correlated with a nearby historical-record-based dryness/wetness index (DWI), precisely verifying that local vegetation cover was principally controlled by hydrothermal variations. Spectral analysis unveiled the existence of 2–3-year, 2–4-year, 5–7-year and 7–11-year cycles, which may potentially reflect the connection between local NDVI evolution and larger-scale circulations, such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and solar activity. This study is of great significance for providing a long-term perspective on the dynamics of vegetation cover in the Qinling mountains, and could help to guide expectations of future forest variations.

Predicting vegetation distribution strengthens ecosystem management, protection, and restoration in arid and degraded areas. However, data quality and incomplete data coverage limit prediction accuracy for Picea crassifolia Kom. (Qinghai spruce) forest in the Qilian Mountains of China. Here, we used a logistic regression model combined with high-resolution vegetation distribution data for different sampling scales and digital elevation models (DEMs) to determine the potential distribution of P. crassifolia forest in the Dayekou catchment in the Qilian Mountains. We found that the model with the best simulation accuracy was based on data with a DEM scale of 30 m and a sampling accuracy of 90 m (Nagelkerke’s R2 = 0.48 and total prediction accuracy = 83.89

[目的]作为存储网络数据的主流工具,图数据库在复杂网络分析中的研究与应用不断丰富,本文系统梳理了图数据库在复杂网络领域的应用进展和研究趋势.[文献范围]以Web of Science核心数据库、Scopus、CNKI数据库为检索中英文文献的来源,调研了相关文献中涉及的15个图数据库及开源网站,详细整理了21个应用案例,精读综述了14篇研究论文.[方法]对比分析国内外主流图数据库,尝试探讨最新的图数据库解决方案在复杂网络分析中的应用,包括中心性、路径查找、链路预测、社区检测和图可视化等.[结果]图数据库已经成为复杂网络分析与大数据挖掘的重要分析工具与研究手段,不仅是复杂网络分析的一站式解决方案,还与图计算引擎等工具结合使用.[局限]图数据库应用场景非常多,本文未能完整覆盖,仅选取2～3个有代表性的案例进行阐述.[结论]图数据库对于查询、表示和挖掘网络数据效果显著,能较为直观地分析和发现图结构中有意义的模式或结构,其对数据密集型的多维特征的呈现更接近现实,是未来挖掘隐含关系的重要工具.

[目的/意义]基于专利对创新链多个环节和主体的作用和影响对核心专利进行识别,消除了仅依据专利数据在单一维度开展相关研究的局限性和片面性,识别结果对于学科和产业发展具备一定的价值和意义.[方法/过程]在创新链的理论框架下,基于专利对领域内的基础研究、应用研究和产业应用发展的支撑和推动作用构建专利影响力模型,依据专利被相同领域论文、专利的引用行为和与同领域产品间的对应关系建立复杂网络,通过关键节点的筛选识别技术领域中的核心专利.[结果/结论]复杂网络可以反映专利对于基础研究、应用研究和产业应用的功效和作用,基于网络特征可识别出在创新链中具备较高影响力的核心专利.

数据技术对医疗领域的冲击改变了传统医疗模式,大数据时代背景下医学生的数据知识和技能迫切需要提升.本文在已有研究的基础上结合医疗数据的特点界定了医学数据素养的概念并重点论述了其内涵,根据医学数据素养教育研究现状及医学学科和专业特征构建了渐进式教育目标体系和模块化教学模式,对系统性专业课程设计及混合式教学形式搭配机制进行了阐明,针对课程考核方式及师资配备提出具体措施,构建医学数据素养教育实施路径,以期能在理论层面为医学数据素养教育工作的后续开展提供参考.

[目的/意义]当前,我国经济已经由高速增长阶段转向高质量发展阶段,有必要面向企业等市场创新主体,从高质量专利的角度出发,开展企业画像研究,以帮助我们深入揭示具体产业创新前沿知识,刻画企业的创新技术背景,拓展面向企业的精准服务.[方法/过程]本文通过文献调研,梳理了高质量专利识别和企业画像的研究现状,提出了基于高质量专利的企业画像框架,从数据层、识别层、画像层和应用层四个方面进行了阐释,并以四川网络安全产业为例进行案例分析,从地理分布、成立时间、申请数量、技术布局和技术转让等角度为相关企业进行画像,展现了在四川网络安全产业中实践高质量发展的企业群体特征.[结果/结论]本文提出的企业画像框架对于精准定位扶持对象,调整具体产业布局方向以及践行经济高质量发展等具有重要意义.

Mountain ecosystems are significantly affected by climate change. However, due to slow vegetation growth in mountain ecosystems, climate-induced vegetation shifts are difficult to detect with low-definition remote sensing images. We used high-definition remote sensing data to identify responses to climate change in a typical Picea crassifolia Kom. forest in the Qilian Mountains, China, from 1968 to 2017. We found that: (1) Picea crassifolia Kom. forests were distributed in small patches or strips on shaded and partly shaded slopes at altitudes of 2700–3250 m, (2) the number, area, and concentration of forest patches have been increasing from 1968 to 2017 in relatively flat and partly sunny areas, but the rate of area increase and ascend of the tree line slowed after 2008, and (3) the establishment of plantation forests may be one of the reasons for the changes. The scale of detected change in Picea crassifolia Kom.forest was about or slightly below 30 m, indicating that monitoring with high-resolution remote sensing data will improve detectability and accuracy.

[目的]系统梳理技术路线图方法及其应用研究现状,分析展望其未来研究与应用发展.[文献范围]构造检索式,在Web of Science核心数据库中检索并下载2004年-2020年文献285篇,通过筛选和补充获得代表性文献76篇.[方法]回顾技术路线图发展历程与概念内涵,由微观到宏观逐次介绍其研发方法与工具、制定与实施过程、应用现状与未来展望.[结果]技术路线图的研发方法与工具可分为三大类,其制定思路与实施指南明确,并在企业、网络、行业和国家层面应用广泛.[局限]经典文献和重要报告较多,近两年的文献数量较少.[结论]我国需加强技术路线图的理论基础研究,优化其制定流程,促进技术路线图在中小企业的研究与应用,加强技术路线图方法与应用专业人才的培养.

基于科技成果转化六项要素解构体系,探讨了科技成果转化能力评价新型指标体系,为我国科技成果转化工作更好地发展提供了可供参考的评价体系与实践数据.围绕科技成果转化全过程及其环境,从创新、应用和支撑三个维度出发,构建了技术团队、研发成果、生产条件、需求市场、政策环境和服务支撑六大要素及其指标体系,并对重庆市近五年科技成果转化能力进行了测评与分析.分析结果显示,重庆市近五年科技成果转化整体发展态势良好,由技术与成果要素组成的创新维度增长幅度最为显著,是当前重庆市科技成果转化能力提升的主要推动力.

As technological innovation plays important role in today's knowledge economy, intellectual property as the most important output of technological development is valued highly for generating monopoly position in providing payoffs to innovation. Intellectual Property Management (IPM) helps organizations to identify, enhance and evaluate their technological strength. Patent portfolio Model (PPM) is built for assessing the advantages and disadvantages of organization, identifying the opportunities of development potentials and optimal distribution, to support the decision-making for optimizing resource allocation and developing layout for technical field. The case study of research institute in china show that this method is feasible and fulfilled the needs of different institutions, so as to provide suggestions for R&D technology management.

探索构建准确、有效的领域新兴趋势分析框架,对于新兴趋势研判、舆情监测等情报工作具有一定的意义.首先,基于N-Gram模型抽取蕴含时间标签的科技文献文本数据中的多元词汇特征Bi-Gram与Tri-Gram;其次,利用分段线性回归(piecewise linear regression,PWLR)模型对Bi-Gram、Tri-Gram进行分段拟合,探测多元词汇在近期时间线上的新兴特征,准确识别有发展潜力的新兴词汇;最后,基于上一步的新兴词汇判别结果利用层次聚类算法识别领域新兴趋势并进行可视化分析.通过对基因编辑领域进行实证研究,识别出基因编辑领域的主要新兴趋势有CRISPR-Cas9技术、基因治疗、动植物基因编辑,验证了本研究提出方法的可行性和有效性.

共词分析是图情领域的基本分析方法之一,探索构建时序共词网络并实现其动态可视化,对于改进、丰富经典共词分析方法具有一定的意义.本文提出时序共词网络构建及其动态可视化方法,首先抽取关键词时间标签,利用关键词的时间标签及其共现关系构建时序共词网络邻接表单数据;然后,基于可视化方法构建时间分层的共词网络图谱,并结合交互式可视化技术实现时序共词网络的动态可视化,从而有效揭示共词网络的动态演变过程.通过对我国图书馆学、情报学领域的数据挖掘相关研究进行实证,验证了本文提出方法的可行性和有效性.