Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) exhibit promising prospects as supercapacitor electrode materials due to the high specific surface area, adjustable pore structure and flexible structural design, but suffer from low conductivity, unstable structure and easy collapse. In this work, by selecting nickel (II) nitrate hexahydrate and 2-amino5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (EAMTD, containing various functional groups), a series of Ni-MOFs-EAMTD samples were fabricated in a mixed solvent system of N, N-dimethylformamide and ethylene glycol. EAMTD and mixed solvents provided a coordination environment rich in S, N and O heteroatoms for Ni ions, enhancing the delocalization of charge throughout the framework. The synergistic electronic interaction improved electrical conductivity and electrochemical performance of the Ni-MOFs-EAMTD, which demonstrated a high specific capacitance of 1608.0 F g- 1 at 1 A g- 1. And assembled into an asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) with activated carbon, it exhibited high energy density (39.2 Wh & sdot;kg- 1) and power density (850.0 W kg- 1). More significantly, the ASC exhibits self-regenerative property. After 10000 cycles, the specific capacitance of ASC dropped to 45 %, then recovered to 65 %, which was attributed to the decomposition of Ni-MOFs-EAMTD into smaller nanoparticles and the release of active sites to compensate for the capacitance. This work provides a feasible strategy to develop MOFs-based electrode materials, paving the way for secondary resource utilization and extended industrial chain development.

Postmenopausal osteoporosis, characterized by estrogen deficiency, leads to significant bone loss and an elevated risk of fracture. While Agrocybe chaxingu is an edible mushroom with recognized health benefits, its therapeutic potential and underlying mechanisms in treating osteoporosis remain largely unexplored. This study aimed to investigate the anti-osteoporotic effects of Agrocybe chaxingu extracts (ACPE) and elucidate their potential mechanism of action. An ovariectomized (OVX) rat model was employed to mimic postmenopausal osteoporosis. ACPE treatment significantly ameliorated OVX-induced bone loss, as evidenced by increased bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb.N), and decreased trabecular separation (Tb.Sp). ACPE administration effectively improved the OVX-induced increase in serum ALP and decline in serum phosphorus levels. Mechanistically, ACPE restores dysbiosis caused by OVX, enriches beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus, and increases the abundance of phosphorus transport-related bacterial communities, including g_Corynebacterium and g_DA101, while upregulating the expression of Pit1 and Pit2, suggesting a potential involvement in improved phosphorus homeostasis, thereby improving osteoporosis. This study demonstrates the efficacy of ACPE in improving osteoporosis, providing a theoretical basis for its use as a nutritional supplement for postmenopausal osteoporosis.

The concurrent accumulation of polycarbonate (PC) plastic and organophosphate ester (OPE) wastes poses a persistent environmental challenge as these chemically distinct hazardous streams are conventionally managed through separate, energy-intensive treatment pathways that result in resource loss and secondary pollution. Herein, we report a synergistic co-upcycling strategy that chemically couples these two waste streams within a single catalytic process, transforming them into value-added chemicals with reduced environmental and health risks. Using mild carbonate catalysts, the complete depolymerization of PC is achieved concurrently with selective alkylation of the released bisphenol A (BPA), with OPEs serving as in situ alkylating agents. This one-pot process exhibits broad substrate generality across diverse commercial PC wastes and OPEs, affording bisphenol A alkyl ethers in high yields (92%-99%). The approach also remains effective in chemically complex matrices representative of industrial waste streams, including trioctyl phosphate solvent waste from anthraquinone-based hydrogen peroxide production and tributyl phosphate extraction waste from metallurgical solvent-extraction operations. A distinguishing feature is the controlled mono-dealkylation of OPEs, exemplified by the quantitative conversion of trimethyl phosphate into dimethyl phosphate, a valuable industrial intermediate, without over-dealkylation. This work demonstrates a waste-to-waste co-upcycling approach that leverages chemical complementarity between two hazardous waste streams to reduce environmental burdens while recovering chemical value.

High-performance bioinspired composite materials require the precise alignment of synthetic nanosheets to mimic the mechanical properties of highly ordered laminated microstructures found in nature. Here, we detail a nanosheet superspreading alignment strategy for fabricating nanocomposite films that uses shear-flow forces at the interface between two immiscible phases to induce long-range, high-order alignment of the 2D nanosheets that enhances the films' mechanical properties. In situ interface crystallization or cross-linking follows the alignment and effectively locks the oriented configuration (the resulting orientation order parameter is >0.85). Subsequent solvent dewetting enables continuous film formation over large areas while maintaining well-defined microstructural integrity. This process overcomes the misorientation and aggregation typical of conventional alignment methods and can be scaled using a multi-nozzle extrusion setup compatible with commercial heating and film-collection components. The step-by-step procedures cover the nanosheet precursor preparation, the continuous-film fabrication and their microstructural characterization and require ≤23 days to complete. The procedures are applicable to a broad range of nanosheet materials, including graphene oxide, MXenes, transition-metal dichalcogenides and layered clays, and the resulting composite films exhibit enhanced mechanical strength, toughness and multifunctionality. Nanocomposites based on graphene oxide and clay nanosheets exhibit a tensile strength of up to 1,215 ± 80 MPa (mean ± s.d) and a Young's modulus of 198.8 ± 6.5 GPa, while clay-based nanocomposite films reach a toughness of 36.7 ± 3.0 MJ m-3. Superspreading alignment is a versatile and robust approach for the scalable fabrication of high-performance composites for materials science.

We report the crystal growth, structure, physical properties, and first-principles calculations of a vanadiumbased oxytelluride Cs1-SV2Te2O. The material possesses two-dimensional V2O square nets sandwiched by tellurium layers, with local crystallographic symmetry satisfying the spin symmetry for a d-wave altermagnet. An antiferromagnetic transition at 293 K is unambiguously evidenced from the measurements of magnetic susceptibility and specific heat. In addition, a secondary transition at '70 K is also observed, possibly associated with a Lifshitz transition. The first-principles calculations indicate robust N & eacute;el-type collinear antiferromagnetism in the V2O plane. Consequently, spin splittings show up in momentum space, in relation to the real-space mirror/rotation symmetry. Interestingly, the V-dyz/dxz electrons, which primarily contribute to the quasi-onedimensional Fermi surface, turns out to be fully orbital and spin polarized, akin to the case of a half metal. Our work lays a solid foundation for the potential applications utilizing altermagnetic properties in vanadium-based oxychalcogenides.

Uranium and organic contaminants are frequently co-detected in radionuclide-polluted water bodies, posing severe risks to human health and ecosystems. To address this, we engineered an auto-photopotential-driven catalytic system (APDCS) for concurrent treatment objectives in complex radioactive wastewater: selective uranium recovery, organic pollutant degradation, and supplementary electricity generation. The system integrates a ZIF-8 cathode with a TiO2 nanoarray (TNR)/silicon photovoltaic cell (Si PVC) photoanode. The hierarchical porosity of ZIF-8, combined with its abundant imidazole-N and C=N ligands, facilitates dual functionality—efficient UO22+ reduction and organic oxidation. Under simulated sunlight illumination, the APDCS-ZIF-8 configuration achieved exceptional UO22+ removal (97.4 ​%, k ​= ​0.043 6 min−1) and TCH degradation (96.0 ​%, k ​= ​0.040 4 min−1) within 80 ​min, demonstrating 14-fold and 9.6-fold rate enhancements over the APDCS-CF counterpart, respectively. This study pioneers resource-recovery strategies for heavy metal-organic co-contaminated radioactive effluents, with concurrent theoretical guidance for developing MOF-based cathodes in synergistic photoelectrocatalysis.

We report the crystal growth, structure, physical properties, and first-principles calculations of a vanadium-based oxytelluride Cs_1-δV_2Te_2O. The material possesses two-dimensional V_2O square nets sandwiched by tellurium layers, with local crystallographic symmetry satisfying the spin symmetry for a d-wave altermagnet. An antiferromagnetic transition at 293 K is unambiguously evidenced from the measurements of magnetic susceptibility and specific heat. In addition, a secondary transition at ∼70 K is also observed, possibly associated with a Lifshitz transition. The first-principles calculations indicate robust Néel-type collinear antiferromagnetism in the V_2O plane. Consequently, spin splittings show up in momentum space, in relation with the real-space mirror/rotation symmetry. Interestingly, the V-d_yz/d_xz electrons, which primarily contribute the quasi-one-dimensional Fermi surface, turns out to be fully orbital- and spin-polarized, akin to the case of a half metal. Our work lays a solid foundation on the potential applications utilizing altermagnetic properties in vanadium-based oxychalcogenides.

In the production process of the heavy oil industry, efficiently demulsifying water-in-heavy oil (W/HO) emulsions can effectively prevent the negative effects of emulsion corrosion on equipment, increase costs, reduce oil quality, and pollute the environment. Herein, polyether demulsifier complexes (PDC) were obtained by compounding fatty alcohol nonionic polyether (FAP) with perfluoropolyether (PFPEA, [CF3O(CF2CF2O)nCF3]) through a simple physical blending method. The experimental results demonstrate that PDC exhibited outstanding demulsification performance for W/HO emulsions across varying temperatures: At 60 °C and 400 ppm dosage, PDC achieved complete dehydration (100%) within just 2 min, showing significantly faster demulsification kinetics compared to FAP and PFPEA. Even at the reduced temperature of 40 °C, PDC maintained effective demulsification capability, achieving complete phase separation within 6 min. These findings collectively establish PDC's superior demulsification efficiency for W/HO emulsions, with particularly remarkable performance under challenging low-temperature conditions. Research on the demulsification mechanism indicates that PDC achieves efficient demulsification performance due to the synergistic effect the synergistic effect of FAP and PFPEA to effectively destroy the non-covalent bonds (hydrogen and π-π stacking) of interfacially active asphaltenes (IAA) at the oil-water interface, thereby achieving demulsification of W/HO emulsion. PDC with outstanding demulsification ability exhibits significant potential for practical applications in heavy crude oil-water emulsion treatment, and this work can provide insights for developing new composite demulsifiers for petroleum production.

Altermagnets are characterized by anisotropic band/spin splittings in momentum space, dictated by their spin-space group symmetries. However, the real-space modulations of altermagnetism are often neglected and have not been explored experimentally. Here we combine neutron diffraction, angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), spin-resolved ARPES and density functional theory to demonstrate that Cs_1-δV_2Te_2O realizes a spatially modulated form of altermagnetism, i.e., hidden altermagnetism. Such a state in Cs_1-δV_2Te_2O results from its G-type antiferromagnetism and two-dimensional electronic states, allowing for the development of spatially alternating altermagnetic layers, whose local spin polarizations are directly verified by spin-resolved ARPES measurements. Our experimental discovery of hidden altermagnetism broadens the scope of unconventional magnetism and opens routes to exploring emergent phenomena from real-space modulations of altermagnetic order.

We report the crystal growth, structure, physical properties, and first-principles calculations of a vanadium-based oxytelluride Cs$_{1-δ}$V$_2$Te$_2$O. The material possesses two-dimensional V$_2$O square nets sandwiched by tellurium layers, with local crystallographic symmetry satisfying the spin symmetry for a $d$-wave altermagnet. An antiferromagnetic transition at 293 K is unambiguously evidenced from the measurements of magnetic susceptibility and specific heat. In addition, a secondary transition at $\sim$70 K is also observed, possibly associated with a Lifshitz transition. The first-principles calculations indicate robust Néel-type collinear antiferromagnetism in the V$_2$O plane. Consequently, spin splittings show up in momentum space, in relation with the real-space mirror/rotation symmetry. Interestingly, the V-$d_{yz}/d_{xz}$ electrons, which primarily contribute the quasi-one-dimensional Fermi surface, turns out to be fully orbital- and spin-polarized, akin to the case of a half metal. Our work lays a solid foundation on the potential applications utilizing altermagnetic properties in vanadium-based oxychalcogenides.

An active drug delivery vector of Mg-based micromotor is proposed for enhanced intestinal drug mass spectrometry (MS) detection from proof of concept. Taking diabetes as a disease model, insulin nanoparticles (Ins-NPs) were successfully loaded in chitosan (CHI) layer of Mg-based micromotor (Mg/Au/PLGA/CHI@Ins-NPs) due to electrostatic adsorption with PLGA. The penetration ability of micromotors was evaluated on artificial mucin, which is distributed within about 300 μm of the mucus. In addition, in vitro drug delivery and retention was carried out on the isolated small intestine of mice; then, the insulin molecule was determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). By overcoming the mucus barrier and enhancing retention in intestine through active transport of micromotor, insulin ions at m/z 963.9443, 1156.3287, and 1445.1592 were detected by UPLC-MS and classified as [Insulin + 6H]6+, [Insulin + 5H]5+, and [Insulin + 4H]4+. Notably, the mass-to-charge ratio of insulin ions was detected only in micromotor drug delivery systems compared to drug-loaded inert particles in the isolated small intestine, attributed to the intensive penetration and retention capability of micromotors. Meanwhile, this Mg-based micromotor exhibited good biocompatibility and was easy to be removed for the UPLC-MS detection sample preparation. Overall, we provide a potential strategy to detect the low content of drugs with UPLC-MS technique by combining with active micromotor and further broadening the sensing application for untethered micromotor.

The reaction of the pyrazole azoxyl radical NIT-4-OMe-3PyzPh (3-Methoxy-4-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-imidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide) with Ln(hfac)3 and Cu(hfac)2 results in the formation of three 2p-3d-4f chain compounds [LnCu(hfac)5(NIT-4-OMe-3PyzPh)2]n (Ln = Gd (1), Tb (2), Dy...

The decarbonylation of fatty acids represents a promising route for producing value-added alkenes; however, the thermodynamic preference for decarboxylation over decarbonylation poses a fundamental challenge. Herein, we developed a hydrogen-reducible PtWO x /SiO2 bimetallic catalyst that enables pathway switching from predominant decarboxylation to selective decarbonylation. The PtWO x /SiO2-Air catalyst calcined in air exhibited outstanding fatty acid decarboxylation performance, achieving 99% stearic acid conversion and 85% heptadecane selectivity. In contrast, the hydrogen-reduced PtWO x /SiO2-H2 catalyst shifted the deoxygenation pathway of stearic acid from decarboxylation to decarbonylation, increasing the selectivity for heptadecene from 5.9 to 57.1%. Structural characterization revealed that Pt nanoparticles were surrounded by amorphous WO x domains, creating abundant Pt-WO x interfaces that strengthened fatty acid adsorption. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and CO-DRIFTS showed that hydrogen reduction converted PtO2/WO x to Pt/WO x , while presenting a strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) between Pt and WO x , inducing electron transfer from Pt to W and generating Pt delta+. These Pt delta+ sites weakened the d-2 pi* back-donation effect and lowered the CO adsorption energy, thereby promoting decarbonylation. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further confirmed that the higher binding energy barriers for C3H7* and H* in Pt/WO x , along with the lower desorption energy barriers for CO, favored the decarbonylation pathway. This work provides a catalyst design strategy with electronic modulation to overcome the thermodynamic limitations of fatty acid decarbonylation.

In this paper, we consider the inverse problem for the time‐fractional two‐dimensional Cahn–Hilliard equation. The ill‐posedness and a conditional stability of the inverse problem are proved. We present a new iterative variational regularization method to solve it. The convergence rates of the regularized solutions under the a priori regularization parameter choice rule and a posteriori regularization parameter choice rule are obtained. Numerical examples illustrate the effectiveness and stability of our proposed method.

Based on the biodegradable natural polymer compound TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibrils, and using EuCl3·6H2O, 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyltrimethoxysilane as functional reagents, a novel type of cellulose nanofibril composite films with hydrophobic and photoluminescent properties was fabricated by a simple solvothermal method. The effects of reaction time, reaction temperature, Vol.% C2H5OH, solvents dosage, and n (Eu3+: COOH) on the photoluminescence and hydrophobicity of the films were investigated, while the films were characterized by using UV meter, fluorescence spectrometer, contact angle meter, FT-IR, XPS, SEM, EDS, TEM, XRD and TG. The results demonstrate that the surface of the film is uniformly loaded with Eu3+ and emits bright red light under UV irradiation, which has excellent photoluminescence, hydrophobicity (water contact angle 137.6°) and higher thermal stability. And high-value applications of nanocellulose in the fields of bioimaging, anti-counterfeiting and sensing detection in the low-temperature and high-humidity environment will be expanded.

As a potential alternative to petroleum-derived terephthalic acid (TPA), the general production of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) through 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) oxidation has fallen short of industrial expectations due to HMF's storage instability and cost. Here, we propose a strategy involving Ru cation coordination manipulation to achieve efficient oxidation of 5-methoxymethylfurfural (MMF) to FDCA by constructing a Ru-Ce paired site on a CeO2-doped hydroxyapatite precursor (CeO2-HAP). By optimizing reaction conditions, the RuOx/CeO2-HAP catalyst demonstrated a complete MMF conversion of 100% and a high FDCA yield of 83.7% under base-free conditions (130 degrees C, 5 bar O-2 pressure, 15 h). Hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H-2-TPR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed a strong interaction between Ru and Ce with electron transfer from Ce to Ru. Density functional theory (DFT) computations indicated that the strong d-d pi and sigma orbital interactions between Ru and Ce provided sufficient electrons for the vacant orbitals of Ru, dispersing the density of states (DOS) of orbitals around the low energy level to facilitate MMF and FDCA adsorption with appropriate strength, thereby enhancing the MMF oxidation process. This study not only provides an MMF oxidation catalyst with high activity but also conducts a comprehensive investigation into the impact of the Ru-Ce interaction on MMF oxidation, offering insights into the subsequent production of high-value-added products such as FDCA.

The quest for economical and efficient heterogeneous catalysts for the synthesis of long-chain alpha-olefins from biomass-derived fatty acids is of utmost significance. Regrettably, the generation of olefins by the dehydrative decarbonylation of fatty acids without the inclusion of additives is seldom documented. This scarcity is mostly attributed to the occurrence of competing decarboxylation and cracking processes. In this study, bimetallic CoZn@NC catalysts were prepared by decomposing ZIFs (CoZn) via a semisacrificial template-assisted strategy. The resulting CoZn@NC-900 catalysts are highly efficient and outperform Pt/C in stearic acid decarbonylation. In a batch reactor, these catalysts demonstrate 85.8% stearic acid conversion with up to 52.4% combined alkene yield at 350 C-degrees for 1 h. The binding of N and Co forms the active decarbonylation sites, while Zn promotes the formation of Co subnanoparticles through spatial segregation effects, effectively reducing the acidity of the catalyst and thus ultimately inhibiting C-C cracking. Moreover, the CoZn@NC catalysts showed good stability, and the catalytic decarbonylation activity was maintained after several consecutive uses. This work presents a cost-effective strategy for the efficient catalytic decarbonylation of carboxylic acids with the inhibition of C-C cracking and shows promise for enabling the production of high-value olefins from biomass sources.

PET chemical upcycling is essential for advancing sustainable development and a circular economy, while also presenting a dependable option to produce value-added chemicals. Herein, we report a boronic acid involved EG valorization strategy for the upgradation of waste PET into DMT and diverse boronic esters under metal-free conditions without protodeboronation of boronic acids. Based on the remarkable catalytic performance of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIm][OAc]) both in PET methanolysis and p-tolylboronic acid esterification, this method achieves complete PET degradation, resulting in 99% yield of DMT and 98% yield of 2-(p-tolyl)-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (PTDB). This approach not only preserves the high DMT yield in various waste PET and other polyester treatment processes, but also facilitates the transformation of EG into a variety of aryl, heterocyclic, and alkyl boronic esters. The 1H NMR and FT-IR results confirmed that the hydrogen-bonding interaction between [EMIm][OAc] and reactants (PET, EG, and MeOH) enhances both PET methanolysis and boronic acid esterification processes. This method underscores its applicability for upcycling a variety of discarded polyesters and polycarbonates. The conversion of PTDB into other valuable chemicals (phenols, amines, and biaryl compounds) further illustrates the practical utility of this approach in PET disposal.

A high-speed dispersion homogenization-assisted alkali fusion-hydrothermal method was successfully developed for the preparation of NaA zeolite molecular sieve with excellent adsorption performance for ammonia nitrogen using solid waste fly ash. The zeolite molecular sieve, prepared at a calcination temperature of 700 degrees C and a crystallization temperature of 80 degrees C, was identified as NaA zeolite molecular sieve through XRD and SEM tests, exhibiting a uniform and ordered cubic crystal structure. The result of BET analysis indicates that the NaA zeolite molecular sieve has a specific surface area of 288.219 m(2)/g and a plentiful pore structure. The effect of pH, adsorption time, and initial concentration of ammonia nitrogen on the adsorption capacity of NaA zeolite molecular sieve was also investigated. The fitting analysis of experimental adsorption data using adsorption kinetics and isotherm models indicates that the kinetic adsorption of ammonia nitrogen solution by zeolite molecular sieve follows the second-order kinetic model more closely. The Langmuir model shows a better correlation than the Freundlich model, suggesting that the adsorption of ammonia nitrogen solution by the zeolite molecular sieve is mainly based on the surface-uniform monolayer physical adsorption process. Under the conditions of pH = 7 and an initial ammonia nitrogen concentration of 100 mg/L, the adsorption capacity of the zeolite molecular sieve for ammonia nitrogen within 60 min can reach 27.5 mg/g, showing excellent adsorption performance. This study establishes a vital research foundation for the utilization of fly ash and the treatment of ammonia nitrogen wastewater, with great ecological and social benefits.

We report the Ni-doping effect on the magnetic and electronic properties of thiospinel Co1-xNix[Co0.3Ir1.7]S4 (0 x 1). The parent compound Co[Co0.3Ir1.7]S4 exhibits antiferromagnetic order below TN similar to 292 K within the A-site diamond sublattice, along with a narrow charge-transfer gap. Upon Ni doping, an insulator-to-metal crossover occurs at x similar to 0.35, and the antiferromagnetism is gradually suppressed, with TN decreasing to 23 K at x = 0.7. In the metallic state, a spin-glass-like transition emerges at low temperatures. The antiferromagnetic transition is completely suppressed at xc similar to 0.95, around which a non-Fermi-liquid behavior emerges, evident from the T alpha temperature dependence with alpha approximate to 1.2-1.3 in resistivity and divergent behavior of C/T in specific heat at low temperatures. Meanwhile, the electronic specific-heat coefficient gamma increases substantially, signifying an enhancement of the quasiparticle effective mass. The magnetic phase diagram has been established, in which an antiferromagnetic quantum critical point is avoided at xc. Conversely, the observed glasslike tail above the critical concentration aligns more closely with theoretical predictions for an extended region of the quantum Griffiths phase in the presence of strong disorder.