基于单个粉尘颗粒主动荷电的经典理论,建立粉尘颗粒群主动荷电的数学模型,分析得到了粉尘直径、荷电电压与粉尘荷质比的关系.采用自行研制的粉尘主动荷电与荷电量测量装置,对不同直径粉尘在不同荷电电压下的荷质比进行了试验研究,结果表明:在粉尘颗粒直径为10～75μm内,粉尘颗粒群的荷质比隨着颗粒直径的增大而下降,隨着荷电电压的增高而上升,与粉尘颗粒群荷电数学模型的结果一致.

为更快识别埋地燃气管道泄漏工况,进一步提升基于声波检测技术在埋地燃气管道泄漏检测方面的适用性,通过基于声波法的埋地燃气管道泄漏声波产生的特性实验和时频域分析,开展了土壤环境对燃气管道泄漏声波信号的影响研究,考察了实验条件下架空管道和埋地管道泄漏声波信号的时-频特征量.结果表明:土壤环境对管道泄漏声波信号产生了明显的影响,削弱了管道泄漏声波信号的相对声强,改变了管道泄漏声波信号的频谱特征量;管道泄漏产生的气体射流与土壤接触时,会产生以低频段为主的声源,在管道运行压力为0.2 MPa、0.4 MPa、0.6 MPa时,此低频段的主导频率则成为整个泄漏声波频率分布的主导频率.该研究结果为完善目前的声波检测技术提供了思路,并可为埋地燃气管道泄漏人工巡检提供参考,可增加定位准确性并减少开挖工作量.

城市埋地燃气管道输送介质易燃易爆、埋设环境人口密集、施工频繁,极易受到来自第三方的破坏,直接威胁人们的生命财产安全,因此对第三方破坏的风险因素分析和防治十分必要.系统理论过程分析法(STPA)是一种基于系统理论的风险分析方法,该方法不同于传统的风险分析方法——将事故视为由初始事件诱发的一系列事件造成的后果,而是对燃气系统从设计、开发和运行过程进行分析,建立系统安全控制结构,通过分析控制缺陷和缺陷致因实现对风险因素的分析.研究分析出24个燃气管道第三方破坏的风险因素,针对风险因素提出了建议,为燃气管道第三方破坏的风险控制提供依据.

为了提高对城市燃气管道泄漏检测的准确性,该文提出了一种基于声波与压力波耦合的识别方法,并通过实验考察了它的可行性.实验发现管道的气体泄漏引起了两个显著特征,即泄漏噪声与压力下降.泄漏噪声的强度随泄漏量增大而增大,但噪声的频率基本保持不变;管道内压力降低的速率与泄漏量大小正相关.据此发展了一种基于相关算法的泄漏耦合识别方法,通过判别泄漏噪声与压力降是否同时出现,以及相关函数值大小与阈值对比,来判别泄漏是否发生及其大小.实验验证了耦合识别方法的有效性,并展示了比单一信号识别方法更好的抗干扰能力.

天然气管道泄漏具有巨大的危害性,其准确的检测与定位是安全领域的重要课题.根据管道泄漏瞬间产生的局部流场畸变引起的脉冲负压波和泄漏口高速射流产生的持续巨大噪声,提出一种基于负压波-声波耦合的天然气管道泄漏检测方法,解决单一信号识别的准确性和时效性较差的问题.结果显示,通过负压波-声波的信息融合可有效提高泄漏判断的准确性,同时两种信号在同一测点的时间差可定位泄漏的位置.文末还推导了泄漏判别依据和定位原理的基本公式.

针对LNG槽车公路运输事故应急救援处置信息化程度低等难题,建立应急救援决策支持系统.根据事故模型,提出对应的应急救援方案,建立LNG槽车公路运行监控和救援的一体化平台.

提出一种针对城镇短距燃气管网的局部管道泄漏检测方法.文中建立了简化的管道泄漏模型,通过数值模拟检测燃气管道破损引起的流场瞬态压力脉动,对压力脉动信号分析实现泄漏识别.分析结果表明,在泄漏发生前管道内流场均匀,没有出现强烈的压力脉动;当发生泄漏时,泄漏口产生高速射流而引起局部流场不均匀,产生随时间变化的压力扰动,扰动的传播使整个管道内流场出现强烈的压力脉动.对流场瞬态压力信号进行FFT分析发现,在数值模拟条件下的泄漏引起一种固定模式的扰动,其频率约为42.4 Hz.

After establishing the evaluation index system for high-rise building, fuzzy judgement matrix was constructed with the aid of the triangular fuzzy number.Then, the rankings of index were obtained by using the triangle fuzzy operation and fuzzy comprehensive value calculation.Finally, the weights were obtained.Based on fuzzy analysis hierarchy process (FAHP), fire risk fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is established for high-rise building, and taking a high-rise building hotel as an example, the fire risk membership matrix was obtained by using this model.According to the maximum membership degree principle, the fire risk level of the high-rise building is "general safety";According to assignment method, the fire safety rating of the high-rise building is "general".Both conclusions are consistent and in line with the actual safety situation of the high building fire.

分析高速公路交通流量变化的特点,运用Fluent软件分析氯气泄漏扩散情况.考虑道路长度、道路交通阻抗、道路良好性及氯气扩散等因素,借助Matlab软件运用蚁群算法分析氯气泄漏后的最优救援路径.

In order to ensure the safe and stable operation of gas storage, aiming at the downhole corrosion prob-lems of injection-production tubing string in gas storage, a coupling calculation model of pressure and temperature was proposed based on the coupling relationship of pressure and temperature in the injection-production well, and the CO2 corrosion rates in the whole well section were predicted by combining with Norsok model.The axial force situation of tubing string was further studied, and a calculation formula for fatigue life of injection-production tubing string was put forward based on the pipe thread checking formula.The results showed that a linear relationship is presented in the change of borehole pressure with well depth, and a approximate binomial distribution is presented for temperature.The axial force is the largest in the threaded connection point at the end of injection-production tubing string.The proposed prediction model on fatigue life of injection-production tubing string provides a new method for life prediction of tubing string in gas storage.It can provide the basis for the safe protection and rational development of production plan, and ensured the safe operation of the gas storage.

通过对中原油田采油三厂明一联合站正在服役的11台油、气、水三相分离器现场调研,发现这些分离器的清污工作比较频繁,且危害较大.随着井口原油含水率上升,设备底部易存积泥沙,从而影响分离器的分离效果及油田的正常生产.针对目前分离器清污作业过程中存在的一些危害提出对应的改进措施,从而减少可能由清污作业带来的危害及导致的生产事故.

高速流动的流体将激励油管柱振动,降低油管的强度,导致油管柱的疲劳破坏,给油气田安全生产带来极大的威胁.本文从管柱振动形式及其危害、振动机理、管柱动力学模型、管柱动力学特性研究方法来概述了近年来油气井油管柱振动特性方面的研究进展,并分析了管柱振动研究存在的问题,进而提出了加强油气井油管柱振动特性技术的研究与建议:①考虑管柱瞬态动力学,完善管柱振动动力学模型;②开展管柱振动实验研究,建立一套公认的功能完善的实验系统.

The extensive CO 2 flooding projects in the country brings increasing threat of internal and external per-turbations to oil pipeline .In order to guide enterprises to find the weak points of the pipeline and take appropriate measures to prevent accidents , the concept of oil pipeline vulnerability for CO 2 flooding reservoir and the research thoughts were proposed .The vulnerability was divided to five grades , and the value range of each grade was deter-mined.By analyzing the vulnerability factors in depth , the index system of vulnerability evaluation was established from three respects including the hazard factors , hazard bearing body and hazard response , and the span of every index corresponding to each vulnerability grade was determined .By using SVM regression method in MATLAB R2013a, the vulnerability evaluation model was built , and the case application was conducted .The results showed that the output of the model and the expected output fitted well , and the mean square error was 9.98052 ×10 -7 . The trained SVM model had strong generalization ability and high accuracy , the maximum relative error between the model-evaluated value and the expected output in the confirmatory experiment was only 0.027.By using the trained SVM model, the vulnerability of a certain oil pipeline was obtained as 0.381, and the vulnerability level was not too vulnerable .

在研究西安市2013年1-4月份的PM2.5污染水平的基础上,对PM2.5质量浓度逐日变化规律和各月份分布情况进行分析,结果显示西安市1-3月份的PM2.5污染较为严重且质量浓度值震荡性显著,4月份PM2.5质量浓度值相对偏低且较平稳.然后通过每个观测点统计各级别AQI出现的频率,描述每个观测点的污染状况,计算AQI指标各监测物质的相关性矩阵,结果显示PM10与PM2.5的相关性最大,CO、S02和N02与PM2.5呈显著正相关,结合西安市的实际情况分析PM2.5指标的成因.

储气库注采管柱井下腐蚀环境复杂，致使管柱腐蚀穿孔或者断裂落井，直接威胁到储气库安全运营。以某储气库为研究对象，分析注采气过程中管柱腐蚀机理和影响因素，制定相应的防治措施，以延长气井管柱的使用年限，保障储气库安全、平稳运行。分析表明：管柱腐蚀主要为电化学腐蚀和冲蚀，电化学腐蚀是由CO2和H2O引起，腐蚀部位在1900 m以上，腐蚀形态为均匀腐蚀和小孔腐蚀；冲蚀发生在采气期和注气期，安全阀和滑套最先发生冲蚀。防腐措施适合采取控制注采气量和油管内投缓蚀棒的方法，腐蚀监测技术适合采取挂片失重法。

In the context of energy-saving and emission-reduction ,industrial applications of CO2 flooding have an exten-sive future ,but the resulting risks cannot be ignored .With CO2 flooding being widely carried out ,security issues become in-creasingly prominent .This paper summarizes the development status of CO2 flooding safety and indicates that it is the inevitable trends to improve the safety evaluation system of CO2 flooding and vulnerability assessment can provide a new approach .

含硫天然气净化厂由于存在易燃易爆气体,极小的安全隐患就可能导致重大的安全事故.采用道化学火灾爆炸指数分析法对天然气净化装置进行风险分析,得出其安全措施补偿前后火灾爆炸指数,危险程度与等级,以及可能造成的最大财产损失.

Under-deposit corrosion as a special form of electrochemical corrosion, which will cause great harm, so far there still no such a scientific and feasible method to monitor its rate of formation effectively. In this paper, a method for monitoring the scaling rate of the gathering and transportation system has been conducted a scientific argument through the field monitoring sites and the lab "static state" hanging pieces comparative test research,the effectively monitoring of scaling rate of gathering and transportation system has been realized, which will definitely improve the under-deposit corrosion protective measures and provide a guarantee for the safety production of Zhongyuan oilfield.

安全生产标准化和HSE管理体系已融入到各石油企业的日常管理中,前者通过建立安全生产责任制,制定安全管理制度和操作规程,排查治理隐患和监控重大危险源,建立预防机制,规范生产行为,使各生产环节符合有关安全生产法律法规和标准规范的要求,人、机、物、环处于良好的生产状态,并持续改进,不断加强企业安全生产规范化建设,后者经过引进转化、丰富发展,也取得了良好的运行绩效.

将安全系统工程的LEC法应用到加油站电气设备的安全管理过程中,通过对作业条件危险性的辨识,确定事故发生的可能性、人处于潜在危险环境中的频繁程度和事故产生的后果,评定事故的危险程度和等级,进而提出改进作业安全的技术和管理措施,以达到加油站电气设备安全管理的要求.