Semi-structured interviews were conducted to investigate cancer patients' perceptions on donation of leftover to biobank.Nineteen patients with cancer tissue removed in the past two years completed the interview and the framework was use to data analysis.Five themes were extracted:Although a lot of patients were unfamiliar with what happened to the cancer tissue after removing during surgery,they were agreeable to donate their cancer tissues to research;the suggestions from their family may influence their decisions;most of them thought the physician should ask them for donation and broad consent could be accepted.Findings suggested that informed consent should be developed further and cancer patients would be receptive to donate tissue to biobank if they were educated the importance of biobank research.

Mixed method research was conducted to investigate attitudes of participants on three types of paying including reimbursement,compensation for the time and inconvenience of research participation and incentives for participation in research.Thirty-six participants completed the questionnaire,and the data were analyzed by connecting of qualitative and quantitative analysis.Three themes were extracted:reimbursement and compensation for the time and inconvenience of research participation were due compensation;incentives not always but may distort participants' decision-making,which should be carefully evaluated according to the specific research;payments should be described per unit of time or procedure,not as lump sums.The results showed that it was necessary to provide proper payment for participation in research,and all of the three forms of payments should be considered for a better payment mechanism.

[Objective]The purpose of this study was to evaluate the related factors that affect the different types of new vertebral compression fractures( NVCFs) after percutaneous kyphoplasty( PKP) in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures( OVCFs). [Method]From April 2006 to April 2012,a total of 458 patients who underwent PKP for the treatment of OVCFs were retrospectively analyzed. According to the different types of NVCFs,patients were divided into those NVCFs including the recompression of operated vertebrae( operated fractures group,n = 36),subsequent fracture in the adjacent vertebral bodies( adjacent fractures group,n = 33),subsequent fracture in the remote vertebral bodies( remote fractures group,n =35) and those without NVCFs( maintained group,n = 354). The clinical parameters,spine radiographs and operation technique were evaluated to analyze the incidence and risk factors of the three types of NVCFs. [Result]1. One hundred and four patients( 22. 71%) subsequently suffered from NVCFs. 66. 7% of the NVCFs in operated fractures group and 54. 5% of the NVCFs in adjacent fractures group developed within 6 months of the procedures. 2. For the three types of NVCFs,multivariable analysisshowed that a higher risk of NVCFs after PKP was associated with a larger number of VCFs at baseline,lower T- score and lower body mass index( BMI)( P 0. 05). 3. The risk of NVCFs in operated fractures group and adjacent fractures group after PKP was correlated with the extent of bone cement. The cement mass in the trabecula level of the vertebrae was an important factor related to inducing the subsidence of the lower endplate in operated fractures group( OR,0. 311; P= 0. 016). The cement mass in the endplate level and disclevel of the upper endplate caused NVCFs in adjacent fractures group( OR,4. 831; P = 0. 018). 4. The lack of the back brace were related to the occurrence of NVCFs in adjacent fractures group( OR,0. 425; P = 0. 001) and remote fractures group( OR,0. 601; P = 0. 009). [Conclusion]The recurrent NVCFs of the three types are all associated with the osteoporosis. The risk of NVCFs after PKP is correlated with the extent of bone cement and the use of the back brace and treating osteoporosis could prevent the NVCFs.