本文应用3种波长的诱虫灯对红松球果尺蛾进行了诱集实验.实验结果表明:波长为380nm诱虫灯诱集效果最好,波长365nm的诱虫灯对球果小花尺蛾也具有一定的引诱效果,但波长为420nm的幼虫灯对球果小花尺蛾无引诱效果.在监测和防治中,可用波长为380nm的诱虫灯进行球果小花尺蛾的监测及防治.

调查不同地理种源红松Pinus koraiensis的球果被害率,以及主要害虫球果尺蛾Eupithecia abietaria和果梢斑螟Dioryctria pryeri的虫口比例.按虫期与被害部位,选取南亚、中亚和北亚3个地理种源的红松,分别测定健康与被害红松韧皮部和球果的单宁、总酚和黄酮含量,分析次生代谢产物与其抗虫性的相关性.结果表明,中亚的红松球果被害率显著高于南亚和北亚种源,其球果中球果尺蛾和果梢斑螟危害率与后2个种源的差异显著;3个种源健康样本韧皮部与球果的单宁和黄酮含量差异显著;受害后3种次生代谢物质含量均呈上升趋势;健康红松不同部位3种次生代谢产物均与其被害率呈负相关,其中韧皮部的单宁含量、球果的单宁和黄酮含量在0.05水平与其被害率显著相关.

为探索蒙古栎的适宜嫁接方法,开展了蒙古栎不同嫁接方法和不同嫁接时间嫁接的成活率和接穗生长量影响试验,结果表明:春季嵌芽接成活率最高,达40.00％,新梢平均长度和平均直径分别为15.12cm和12.33mm,其最适嫁接时间在5月20日;经嵌芽接技术改进,平均成活率提高到64.2％,新梢平均长度和平均直径分别为51.03cm和16.78mm.蒙古栎嵌芽接技术减小了接穗苗木损伤,提高了繁殖系数,为加快蒙古栎良种化繁育进程探索出新技术.

以露水河林业局天然红松林为对象,基于在16块固定样地中测定的677株红松单株结实量和林木因子的实测数据,应用非线性回归方法建立预测模型,并进行评价.结果表明:胸径和树高与结实量存在显著的正相关关系(P<0.01),分枝高和冠幅与结实量未达到显著相关,但与胸径和树高关系显著(P<0.01).以胸径与树高、胸径与分枝高和胸径与冠幅的不同因子组合建立结实量预测模型.通过对7个模型的R2、均方根误差(RMSE)、赤池信息准则(AIC)、平均绝对偏差(MAE)、平均相对偏差绝对值(MRAE)等拟合优度和检验参数的比较分析,选择模型y=a×(D2×BH)b作为天然红松林结实量的最优模型,其预测精度为89.35％,消除异方差后的残差分布均匀;模型y=a×(D2×H)b和y=a×(D2×CW)b虽然R2和P略高,但其平均偏差(ME)和MRAE与最优模型相差较大;以D2作为因子建立的模型y=a×(D2×H)b、y=a×(D2×BH)b和y=a×(D2×CW)b皆表现出良好的检验效果.

以吉林省露水河林业局的27年生红松种源试验林18个种源为对象,对生长、材性、生物量、含碳率等性状的变异规律进行了研究,并选择了优良种源.研究结果表明,除单株含碳率、树冠含碳率及1.3m处木芯含碳率差异不显著外,其他性状种源间皆存在显著或极显著差异.树木生长性状与海拔、年降水量及日照时数达到显著相关水平;木材材性性状中,除基本密度与气候地理因素皆相关不显著外,其他性状与各地理气候因素的相关性比较复杂.碳储量与纬度、海拔、年降水量及日照时数达到显著或极显著相关水平,碳储量与树根含碳率、木质素含量、半纤维素含量及灰分含量皆相关不显著.影响碳储量的变量中提取了5个主成份,得到83.741％的累计贡献率.标准化后的碳储量C '只与树木生长因子F1极显著正相关,构造的碳储量优良种源得分函数:Zk=Ck'+0.975* 42.826％*F1,Zk值以露水河2.929 8、临江2.699 8、大海林1.936 3排在前三位,选为红松高固碳种源.

The effect of different budding method and time on grafting survival rate and cion increment was studied by choo-sing the one year cion of Juglans mandshurica as material.The result showed that plate budding survival rate of Jun.5th was the best 48.67%in the experiment of the effect of different grafting time on grafting survival rate of Juglans mandshuri-ca cion.The average length and diameter of new shoot was 17.02 cm and 6.24 mm which were higher than diamonds bud-ding and"T" budding.The plate budding average survival rate of May, June and July, August was highest 26.00% and 31.90%in the experiment of the effect of different grafting method on grafting survival rate of Juglans mandshurica cion.It was higher than the diamonds budding and"T" budding.The plate budding deserved to popularized and the most appropri-ate time was beginning of June.

通过对红松种子园历年数据进行调查分析，结果表明：露水河种源、穆棱种源与敦化种源无论从树高、胸径、生长量等方面都显著高于其它种源，其中南，中、北三个亚区平均高分别为4.09m，4.03m，3.85m,各为总平均高的102.0豫、100.5豫和96.0%。胸径、地径与冠幅生长状况和高生长趋向一致。

以长白山区14块核桃楸为主具有代表性的林分样地为研究对象,分析核桃楸的生长指标与14个环境因子的相关性,以期揭示环境因子对核桃楸生长的影响.结果表明:(1)不同林分组成的核桃楸林对核桃楸的生长影响显著,其中含落叶松的核桃楸林中径生长优于其他林分的核桃楸,而且郁闭度对树高影响显著(R=0.5049).(2)坡向和坡位分别与胸径、材积(P＜0.05)和树高、胸径、材积(P＜0.01)呈显著和极显著相关,而坡度与其材积呈显著负相关(R=-0.5016).(3)海拔与胸径和材积呈显著正相关(R=0.4918、R=0.5203),经度与材积呈显著负相关(R=-0.5428).(4)土壤厚度和土壤碱解氮含量对其树高的影响均显著,作用大小为:土壤碱解氮含量＞土壤厚度;土壤中有机质含量和土壤pH对其胸径的影响均显著,作用大小为:土壤中有机质含量＞土壤pH;土壤中碱解氮含量与材积呈极显著正相关(R=0.8314).

森林抚育是加快林木生长,缩短轮伐期,提高林木质量的重要抚育措施.通过设置27组固定监测样地和对照样地,对森林抚育第3a的林木胸径、材积生长量进行调查分析,结果表明:森林抚育样地材积生长量平均高于对照样地0.4295m3,材积生长率平均高于对照样地1.6％.

Several growth and development index of Arma chinensis were measureded at different indoor temperatures.The result showed that the effects of temperature on the incubation,the larva survival and the female fecundity of Arma chinensis were insignificant.However,the development period and adult survival were significantly affected by temperature.The development period was 42.3 days in 20℃ but 29.0 days in 30℃.

果梢斑螟(Dioryctria pryeri Ragonot)属蛀食类害虫,主要危害红松球果和嫩梢,导致红松枝梢枯死,种子减产.在掌握果梢斑螟生物学特性的基础上,通过开展果梢斑螟物理、生物、化学等防治措施的研究,总结出果梢斑螟安全、有效的综合治理技术,以确保林区支柱产业红松种实生产和红松果仁加工产也的健康、高效发展.

在采用TCT-GC/MS对松果梢斑螟不同危害期红松挥发性物质分离鉴定的基础上,分析松果梢斑螟越冬幼虫对越冬幼虫转移危害期红松不同组织挥发性物质的嗅觉反应.结果表明,松果梢斑螟不同危害期红松球果及越冬幼虫转移危害期红松不同组织挥发性物质的组成与含量均存在差异;红松健康球果、健康2年生枝和针叶主要挥发性物质标样乙醇溶液对越冬幼虫的引诱作用显著高于乙醇对照组,而红松健康球果主要挥发性物质标样乙醇溶液的引诱作用显著大于健康2年生枝与针叶主要挥发性物质标样乙醇溶液;α-蒎烯、柠檬烯及α-蒎烯+β-蒎烯乙醇溶液对越冬幼虫的引诱作用明显强于红松健康球果主要挥发性物质标样乙醇溶液,且以α-蒎烯的引诱作用最强.

Dioryctria pryeri,an important pest that causes damage to cones of Pinus koraiensis,it is difficult to be controlled because of its cryptic characteristics.Control test by using six medicaments with high effect,low poison and without environment pollution and 40% omethoate under routine operation was conducted in seed orchard of Lushuihe Forestry Bureau,Jilin,China.The result showed that the suspended liquid of 20% triflumuron had made best effect with 88% killing rate.

Dioryctria pryer,as a borer with its larva made damage to tender shoot and annual cone of Pinus koraiensis,which has one generation a year at Lushuihe Forestry Bureau of Jilin Province,China.Its larvae in 3～4 instars overwinter for themselves in the cones,plucked traces and tender shoots,begin to damage from the fifth month of second year and pupation stage at end of the May to last ten-day of the June,and eclosion of imagines appear in middle of the June to first ten days of the July,same time to the egg stage.After incubation in end of the June to the middle of July,parts of the larvae begin to damage then turn into overwintering.