于2017年在福建省洋口国有林场苗圃,以长柱金花茶1.5 a的扦插苗为试验材料,以泥炭土、椰糠、河沙、蛭石和煤渣等5种基质原料按不同体积比配制成10种基质配方,研究10种基质对长柱金花茶盆栽成活率及株高、地径、冠幅、分枝数、叶长和叶宽等生长指标的影响.结果表明:长柱金花茶在J4(纯蛭石)上生长表现最好,盆栽成活率100％,株高、地径、冠幅、分枝数、叶长和叶宽等指标值均优于其它9种基质,植株生长健壮、枝叶茂盛、叶色深绿有光泽;在J8(V蛭石∶V煤渣=2∶1)上生长表现最差,成活率仅30％,株高、地径生长量最小,分枝及叶量少、叶片无光泽.表明J9(V蛭石∶V煤渣∶V椰糠=2∶1∶1)、J8不宜作金花茶盆栽基质,J4可作为4年生以下金花茶盆栽基质.

【目的】优化组培苗生根和移栽技术,提高‘黄樽’薄叶金花茶组培生根率和移栽成活率。【方法】以苗龄60 d的继代芽苗为材料,在优选基本培养基（1/2 B5、3/4 B5、B5）与植物生长调节剂（ABT、IBA）组合的基础上,研究2种培养基质[(V 细河沙 :V 蛭石 =1∶1)（河沙蛭石基质）、琼脂]与2种附加物（白糖、活性炭）形成的5种组合对生根率的影响;以河沙蛭石基质+1/2 B5+ABT0.5 mg/L+IBA 0.5 mg/L为生根培养基,培养35 d,分别补充白糖15.0 g/L、K 2 HPO 4 15.0 mg/L、白糖15.0 g/L+K 2 HPO 4 15.0 mg/L及对照组（CK）等4种处理,培养65 d后,将生根苗移栽到V 细河沙 ∶V 蛭石 =3∶1的基质上,研究4种处理对芽苗生根率、移栽成活率、芽苗茎粗和黄化率的影响。【结果】在优选的培养基1/2B5+ABT 0.5～1.0 mg/L+IBA 0.5～1.0 mg/L+白糖15 g/L+琼脂6.0 g/L,芽苗生根率仅41.1%～42.2%;培养基质与附加物的5种组合对生根率的影响达极显著水平,河沙蛭石基质+白糖0 g/L和河沙蛭石基质+白糖15 g/L的生根率分别为84.4%和68.9%,高于传统的琼脂白糖组合;生根培养后期,4种处理对生根率的影响不显著,但对移栽成活率影响极显著,补充白糖15 g/L+K 2 HPO 4 15.0 mg/L,克服了芽苗黄化,提高芽苗质量,进一步提高了芽苗生根率和移栽成活率,生根率和移栽成活率分别为91.1%和93.3%。【结论】‘黄樽’薄叶金花茶采用传统的白糖琼脂培养方式,其组培生根及组培苗移栽效果不理想。生根培养前期用河沙蛭石基质+1/2B5+ABT 0.5～1.0 mg/L+IBA 0.5～1.0 mg/L的无糖培养,培养后期补充白糖15 g/L+K 2 HPO 4 15.0 mg/L,是提高‘黄樽’薄叶金花茶生根率和移栽成活率的有效方法,也为其他组培生根困难的植物,尤其是金花茶组植物离体培养,提供了可借鉴的培养方法。

论述了福建省金花茶组植物种质资源收集与保存、引种栽培、种植技术、经营模式及研究现状,分析当前福建金花茶产业发展存在的问题,并提出发展前景和思路.

2017年在福建省清流国有林场的不同郁闭度的杉木纯林、马尾松纯林、米槠纯林等5种林分下,开展凹脉金花茶、黄樽金花茶和防城金花茶套种试验,分析不同林分、郁闭度对金花茶生长效应的影响.结果 表明:5种林分的金花茶平均保存率达极显著差异,其中以郁闭度0.8、0.6的杉木纯林下金花茶平均保存率最高,分别为85.6％、72.2％.郁闭度0.6的杉木纯林下,凹脉金花茶保存率、苗高、地径、冠幅和当年抽高均比郁闭度0.8的杉木林低,黄樽金花茶和防城金花茶在郁闭度0.8的林分下保存率高,而生长量较小;在郁闭度0.6的林分下,保存率低,但生长量较大.综合考虑保存率与生长量指标,黄樽金花茶和防城金花茶适宜选择郁闭度0.6～0.8的杉木纯林下套种,凹脉金花茶适宜在郁闭度低于0.8的杉木纯林下套种.

为营建日本茵芋雌雄株组培快繁技术体系,以雌株品种'帕贝拉'和雄株品种'鲁贝拉'嫩枝茎段为外植体,研究其诱导、 增殖、 生根培养的主要影响因素,筛选最佳培养基.结果表明:日本茵芋雄株的诱导率、 增殖倍率及生根率均低于雌株,且差异均达极显著水平;在较佳诱导培养基3.0 g·L-1花宝1号+1.5 mg·L-16-苄氨基腺嘌呤(6-BA)上,雌雄株诱导率分别为75.6％、34.7％;结合切除芽苗顶芽的方法,在培养基3.0 g·L-1花宝1号+2.5 mg·L-16-BA+4.0 mg·L-1赤霉素(GA3)上,继代培养50 d,雌雄株增殖倍率分别为4.25、3.22倍;在培养基1.5 g·L-1花宝1号+0.5 mg·L-1生根粉1号(ABT 1号)上,雌雄株生根率分别为73％、61％;雌雄株组培苗移栽在黄心土+椰糠(3:1)基质中,移栽成活率分别为86％、83％.

2014-2016年在福建省漳平市永福镇开展金花茶组植物种质资源收集、保存和引种驯化,并对引进的种质进行生物学特性观察研究.累计从种源地引进观赏性强、经济价值高、抗逆性(抗寒、抗旱)强的金花茶组植物23种:‘黄樽’薄叶金花茶、防城金花茶、菊芳金花茶、凹脉金花茶、显脉金花茶、薄叶金花茶、抱茎金花茶、毛瓣金花茶、三岛金花茶、柠檬黄金花茶、东兴金花茶、扶绥金花茶、重瓣金花茶、平果金花茶、夏石金花茶、武呜金花茶、小果金花茶、无名金花茶、簇蕊金花茶、毛籽金花茶、贵州金花茶、离蕊金花茶、小花金花茶,引种驯化成功率100％,种质保存率达100％,其中适应性比较强的有‘黄樽’薄叶金花茶、防城金花茶和凹脉金花茶,可在福建推广种植.

[目的]建立金花茶杂交种质组培快繁技术体系,为优质杂交种质的保存和快繁提供技术支撑.[方法]以凹脉金花茶♀ב烈香’茶花♂(S1)、‘黄樽’薄叶金花茶♀×防城金花茶♂(S2)、防城金花茶♀×越南抱茎茶♂(S3)等3组杂交组合种子的无菌播种苗为材料,研究不同外植体诱导率的差异,杂交组合、基本培养基、生长调节剂种类浓度组合对芽苗增殖和生根的影响,蔗糖浓度对生根率的影响,及不同基质移栽成活率的差异等组培关键技术.[结果]S1、S2、S3等3组杂交组合无菌苗的顶芽平均诱导率为12％,茎段平均诱导率最高,达100％.杂交组合、基本培养基和6-BA对增殖倍数影响极显著,S1、S2、S3杂交组合在培养基BS+6-BA 2.5 mg/L+IBA0.05 mg/L上培养40 d,增殖倍数最高,分别为7.4、6.6、7.5倍,芽苗长势好;在MS培养基上芽苗长势不佳,叶片脱落.杂交组合、生根剂种类浓度组合及蔗糖浓度对生根率影响极显著,S1、S2、S3杂交组合在培养基1/2 B5+ABT 1.0 mg/L+5 g/L蔗糖上,生根率最高,分别为92％、85％、89％.3组杂交组合在V黄心土∶V蛭石=3∶1基质上的平均移栽成活率最高,达94％.[结论]无菌播种苗的茎段是金花茶杂交种质离体培养最理想的外植体,最佳增殖和生根培养基分别为B5+6-BA 2.5 mg/L+IBA 0.05 mg/L和1/2 B5+ABT 1.0 mg/L+蔗糖5 g/L,最佳移栽基质为V黄心土∶V蛭石=3∶1,营建组培快繁技术体系是金花茶杂交种质保存和植株高效再生的理想途径.

In order to create new germplasm of Camellia nitidissima Chi,30 hybridized combinations was carried out with 4 species of Sect. nitidissima(C.chrysantha var.Longistyla,C.impressinervis Chang et S.Y.Liang,C.chrysanthoides'Huangzun',and C.chry-santha (Hu) Tuyama),3 species of Sect. oleifera which included C.chekiangoleosa Hu,and 7 species or varieties of Sect. japonica including C.azalea Wei,C.japonica 'Amplesicauzsis',C.japonica L. var. 'Kramer′s Supreme', C.japonica var. 'Dormi' and C. japonica L. var. 'Hiemalis' as parents. The results showed that 8 hybridized combinations of high compatibility was obtained and 513 hybridized seeds was collected in 2 years. The hybrid fruit rate of C.chrysanthoides'Huangzun' ♀×C.chrysantha var. Longisty-la ♂ was the highest,ranging from 19.0% to 37.3%. The size, shape and colour of hybrid fruits were closer to features of female parent. And size,shape and gloss of the leaf of 1-year-old hybrid seedling showed intermediate characteristics of parents.

Tea tree oil is extracted from the leaves and twigs of Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden & Betche) Cheel, and it is widely used in medicines, food preservatives, cosmetics and health care products. Traditional propagation of M. alternifolia from seeds does not necessarily transfer the desired characteristics from their mother trees, the seedlings are not uniform, and the multiplication rate from cuttings is relatively low. For these reasons, it is necessary to develop tissue culture techniques for this species. This study showed that an efficient explant initiation medium for M. alternifolia was MS 1/2 + BA 0.6 mg L −1 + NAA 0.1 mg L −1 + sucrose 30 g L −1 , which yielded a 75.9 % initiation rate. An efficient multiplication medium was MS + BA 0.3 mg L −1 + NAA 0.15 mg L −1 + sucrose 30 g L −1 , which yielded a 4.3 multiplication rate and 3.2 cm shoot length. The rooting medium was MS 1/2 + IBA 0.1–0.25 mg L −1 + sucrose 15 g L −1 , which yielded a 100 % rooting rate, 2.94–3.32 roots per individual and 1.36–1.44 cm root length. Local red-core soil was suitable as a transplant medium, and yielded 98 % survival. This study improved the tissue culture technique for mass-propagation of M. alternifolia , enabling the production of high quality plants for market.

Plantlets from the elite,high essential oil containing Melaleuca altennifolia tended to turn brown and die after generations of multiplication.In addition,the low rooting rate prohibited the commercialization of the tissue cultivation.Using Hyponex No.1,B5 and MS as the basis,media formulated with varied concentrations of substrates,vitamins and growth regulators were used in an attempt to improve the cultivation.The results showed that (a)3.0 g·L-1 of Hyponex No.1 in combination with VH,Vc and VB2 effectively inhibited the browning and death of the plantlets;(b)a supplementation of 0.4 -0.6 mg·L-1 GA in the subculture medium increased the number of effective seedlings,and encouraged a strong and uniform growth of the seedlings;and,(c)the addition of Hyponex No.1 at a rate of 2.0 g · L-1 in the rooting medium raised the average rooting rate for different individuals to 95%.

Pinus elliottii aseptic seedling with the seminal leaf and apical buds were applied as explants.The influences of basic culture medium,growth regulator,organics adding substance,and cytokinin etc.on proliferation of P.elliottii adventitious buds were studied.The results showed that DP+6-BA 4.0 mg·L-1+NAA 0.05 mg·L-1 was the best medium for proliferation of P.elliottii adventitious buds,the culture medium with additions of 10 g·L-1 of inositol and volume fraction of 30% of coconut milk had a certain synergized action for adventitious buds proliferation.Adding 6-BA in septal generation was good for the growth of adventitious buds,but degraded the buds proliferation.

Subculture cycle,proliferation rate,annual proliferation coefficient,rooting rate,rooting-culture time and re-planting survival rate are important indices for the efficiency of tissue culture and rapid propagation.These factors were studied to evaluate the effect of TDZ and GA3 on stem tissue culture and rapid propagation of Photinia fraseri.The results showed that several basic media were suitable for the proliferation culture of the 2 varieties of P.fraseri.In 3 media,i.e.,MS,4/5MS and B5,the proliferation rates were greater than 3.0.Among the subcultures,addition of TDZ and GA3 had a significant effect on both subculture cycle and annual proliferation coefficient,but no significant effect on proliferation rate.On the rooting culture,the supplement of GA3 shortened the root-inducing and rooting-culture time,improved micropropagation efficiency for P.fraseri,and reduced the cost of seedlings by tissue culture.

Using the proliferation buds aged for 40 days of Photinia fraseri as test materials in multi-factor orthogonal experiment design,the effect of different base soils,different hormones,different concentration treatments of hormones and different treatment time,different acclimating ways and fertilization ways on rooting rate of proliferate buds of Photinia fraseri has been studied.The results showed that 59% rooting rate outside test tube was obtained in the combination of A3B1C3D2(base soil with perlite,being soaked with 200 mg·L-1 ABT rooting powder for 30 minutes);and the combination of A3B1C1D2(base soil with perlite,being soaked with 50 mg·L-1 ABT rooting powder for 30 minutes) is the best for rooting outside test tubes.The rooting rate was increased to 81% when the proliferation buds were cultured for 15～20 days under natural dispersive light;Adding the nutritious liquid benefited high growth of seedlings.Application of rooting techniques of proliferate buds outside test tubes reduces the working procedure of tissue culture seedlings,improving micropropagation efficient of Photinia fraseri and reduced the cost of tissue culture seedlings.

针对近年来全国各地植物组培研究机构的相继诞生和组培产业投资热潮,从木本植物组培技术特点、产业化现状、存在的问题及解决的方法等方面,浅析木本植物组织培养技术在科研与生产中的应用前景与局限,为广大科技工作者更好地发展我国试管快繁技术和商业应用领域的研究,客观正确预测木本植物组培技术在林业生产中推广应用的效益及避免盲目投资风险提供参考.

Taking apical bud or stem section as explant,the optimal multiplication culture medium was screened as B 1+2 0mg·L -1 6-BA+1 0mg·L -1 NAA through the comparative experiments of different concentration combinations of 4 kinds of basic culture mediums and growth regulators,the rooting culture medium was B 2+0 5mg·L -1 No.1 ABT.The red heart soil was selected as transplantation substrate.

滨海城市作为特殊的城市类型,其森林依生态功能可划分为沿海防护林,大气净化森林,自然保护区和森林公园、届民点绿化森林,经济林及特殊人文景观森林生态功能区.该文着重论述了沿海防护林在滨海城市建设中的环境地位、经济地位和社会地位,并从森林生态网络体系建设和可持续发展角度,简述了提高滨海城市防护林体系建设质量的有效对策.

Using the MS culture medium,the shoot tip of Spathiphyllum floribundu was induced and cultured with the dif ferent hormone in different concentration levels.The results revealed that the suitable culture medium for shoot tip induction was the improved MS+6BA 1.5～3. 0 mg/L+ NAA 0.5～1.0 mg/L,whose induction rate reached 90%; the suitable cultur e medium for adventitious bud multiplication was the improved MS+6BA 0.5～2.5 m g/L+NAA 0.5～1.5 mg/L,in which the annual multiplication coefficient of adventi tious bud gained 4.212;the suitable culture for rooting induction was 1/2 MS+NA A 1.0 mg/L or 1/2MS+IBA 1.0 mg/L,whose rooting rate was more than 90%. The fi rst rate generation-continuing seedling were selected,transplanted and cultured for taking root on the culture medium outside the test-tube,whose survival rat e reached more than 85%.So,it was an effective way to quicken the factory seedl ing speed and to reduce the cost of tissue culture seedling.