Objective To establish the normal reference ranges of clinical pathology for Beagle dogs in the Good Laboratory Practice ( GLP ) system.Method Sixteen biochemical indexes , seventeen hematological indexs and three coagulation function indexes of 117 Beagle dogs were detected , and the mean value of each index and the normal reference ranges were calculated and compared .Results Only alkaline phosphatase ( ALP ) from the biochemical items was significantly different between males and females (P<0.01),which was higher among males than among females .Three in-dexes of hematology were significantly different between males and females (P<0.01),with red blood cell(RBC), hemo-globin(HGB)and hematocrit(HCT)lower among males than among females.The coagulation function items were not signif-icantly different between the two sexes .Conclusion Some indexes of clinical pathology were significantly different between males and females , which should be considered during statistic analysis on toxicity .Our study has established the normal reference range of clinical pathology for Beagle dogs in the GLP system , which provides reference for toxicity tests .

通过研究空气颗粒物的代表性组分纳米碳黑(nano particle carbon black,NPCB)与重金属(Pb/Cr/Cd)联合染毒对BEAS-2B细胞存活率和LDH漏出率的影响,旨在阐明NPCB与重金属对细胞毒性的联合作用模式.检测NPCB与重金属(Pb/Cr/Cd)联合染毒24 h后BEAS-2B细胞存活率(CCK-8法)和LDH漏出率(LDH活性比色法)的变化,采用析因方差分析判断其是否存在联合毒性作用及联合作用模式.NPCB与重金属(Pb/Cr/Cd)联合染毒在细胞存活率和LDH漏出方面存在联合作用;与对照组和单独染毒组相比,低剂量Pb(125μmol·L-1)与NPCB联合染毒对细胞存活率无交互作用,对LDH漏出表现为拮抗作用;高剂量Pb(1000μmol·L-1)与NPCB联合染毒对细胞存活率表现为协同作用,对LDH漏出无交互作用;Cr和Cd与NPCB联合染毒在细胞存活率方面均表现为协同作用;低剂量Cr和Cd与NPCB联合染毒在LDH漏出方面无交互作用,高剂量时表现为协同作用.NPCB与重金属存在联合作用,金属不同、剂量不同以及评价指标不同,其联合作用模式不尽相同.

为探索低剂量镉持续暴露对斑马鱼胚胎和幼鱼神经发育的影响,将受精后36h（36hpf）的斑马鱼胚胎暴露于不同浓度氯化镉受试液中持续至受精后6d（6dpf）。在一般毒性观察的基础上,采用高通量视频跟踪技术检测了48孔板中幼鱼的自发运动能力和对外界刺激产生的惊恐反应及恢复能力。结果显示:在不引起外观形态明显改变的暴露剂量下幼鱼自发运动表现异常。其中,0.1～0.5μmol·L-1暴露组幼鱼自发运动增多、轨迹紊乱、刻板式转向运动增加、触壁活动减少;1.0μmol·L-1暴露组幼鱼出现运动抑制、静止和原地震颤等状态,幼鱼的自发运动距离与氯化镉浓度关系呈现剂量依赖性倒"U"型,这种行为毒性效应与乙醇急性暴露引起的运动效应相似。光照惊恐反射实验中,暴露组幼鱼对突发的光暗变化表现敏感或迟钝。在撤除光源后暗适应减慢或加快。以上结果说明,斑马鱼胚胎和幼鱼对氯化镉的神经发育毒性作用敏感,并且高通量的幼鱼神经行为学方法在外源性化学物的毒性评价中能够提高检测效率,具有良好的应用前景。

目的以斑马鱼为实验动物,利用其胚胎和幼鱼对布洛芬的心脏毒性进行评价。方法选择发育正常的受精后6h的斑马鱼胚胎暴露于布洛芬6.06～96.96μmol·L-1 48 h,然后移去布洛芬溶液,斑马鱼胚胎继续发育至受精后72 h。由于斑马鱼胚胎透明,通过显微镜可以清晰观察斑马鱼心脏形态和心脏跳动,详细记录布洛芬暴露后斑马鱼心脏的形态学改变。应用DVC 420 m显微摄像系统对斑马鱼心脏跳动活动进行录像30 s,然后用Image J软件对录像资料进行处理,统计心率。静脉窦是血液进入心房的部位,动脉球是血液流出心室的部位。若心脏发育过程受到影响,心房和心室的位置将发生改变,静脉窦和动脉球之间的距离相应发生改变,通过显微镜下测量静脉窦与动脉球之间的距离可量化评价药物对斑马鱼心脏影响程度。结果布洛芬6.06μmol·L-1组斑马鱼幼鱼心血管系统形态学无改变;但心率下降,为(160.0±1.4)min-1;SV-BA间距虽增加,但无统计学意义。12.12μmol·L-1布洛芬实验组斑马鱼出现心包水肿、心脏畸形;心率减低,为(152.8±4.1)min-1;SV-BA间距增加,为(190.3±6.9)μm。随着布洛芬浓度增加,斑马鱼出现体长缩短、体节发育异常、脊柱弯曲、卵黄囊水肿、出血、心脏缩小等多种表型改变。心率逐渐降低,SV-BA间距逐渐增大。结论布洛芬具有心血管毒性,可影响斑马鱼胚胎和幼鱼心脏结构和功能发育。本研究结果与关于布洛芬具有心血管毒性的流行病研究结论相一致,对于指导儿科合理使用布洛芬进行临床治疗具有参考价值。

OBJECTIVE To explore reliable detection parameters for cardiac toxicity evaluation using zebrafish embryos as a model.METHODS Zebrafish embryos at 6 h post fertilization(hpf) were exposed to doxorubicin 2.16-34.48 mol·L-1 for 48 h.Morphologic changes in the cardiovascular system at 72 hpf were observed under a stereomicroscope.Heart rate was measured by video recordings made with a DVC system.The distance between the sinus venosus and bulbus arteriosus(SV-BA) was examined.Histopathologic sections were observed by HE staining.RESULTS Compared to control group,no morphological changes of the cardiac system of zebrafish embryos in doxorubicin 2.16 μmol·L-1 group were observed at 72 hpf.However,doxorubicin 2.16 mol·L-1 produced significant decrease in heart rate(166±5)min-1 and significant increase in the distance between the sinus venosus and bulbus arteriosus of zebrafish embryos(237±13)μm.In marked contrast to control embryos,zebrafish embryos exposed to doxorubicin 4.31 mol·L-1 developed pericardial edema,heart malformation,reduced heart rate(165±4)min-1,and significant increase in the SV-BA distance(268±13)μm.With the concentration of doxorubicin increased,zebrafish embryos exhibited shortened body length,somite dysplasia,spine curvature,yolk sac edema,hemorrhage,and heart narrowing.Doxorubicin 8.62 μmol·L-1 treated hearts became smaller while heart chambers larger in comparison to controls.Doxorubicin decreased the size of developing hearts by reducing the heart tissue and cardiac myocytes.CONCLUSION Doxorubicin-induced cardiac toxicity has a similar effect on zebrafish embryos to mammalian models,indicating that zebrafish is a promising vertebrate model in vivo for assessment of developmental cardiac toxicity.

目的 1-苯基-2-硫脲(PTU)可抑制斑马鱼胚胎黑色素的产生,保持斑马鱼透明,便于形态观察和信号检测.本文研究了PTU对斑马鱼胚胎发育的影响和抑制斑马鱼胚胎黑色素生成,保持斑马鱼透明性的最佳浓度.方法 用不同浓度PTU处理23 hpf(受精后,hours post fertilization,hpf)斑马鱼胚胎,作用57 h后观察80 hpf斑马鱼的形态学、生理学改变,计算死亡率和孵化率,测量心率和静脉窦-动脉球之间的距离.结果 浓度为0.197mmol/L、0.296 mmol/L PTU可以有效抑制黑色素生成,保持斑马鱼整体透明,对斑马鱼心血管系统结构和生理功能无影响,且不影响斑马鱼正常孵化过程.随着PTU浓度的增加,斑马鱼死亡率增加,孵化率下降,出现心包水肿,心脏畸形等改变,心率下降,静脉窦-动脉球之间的距离增大.结论 浓度不高于0.296 mmol/L的PTU溶液能有效抑制斑马鱼黑色素生成,对斑马鱼心血管毒性研究无影响.

Objective To realize the potentially developmental neurotoxicity of chlorpromazine(CPZ) on zebrafish embryos and Larvae.Methods The effect of the general toxicity in zebrafish embryos and larvae were assessed after high doses of CPZ(≥5 mg/L) administered to zebrafish embryos on 6-72 hours post fertilization(hpf).Then,pathology change and cell apoptosis were investigated.Under teratogenic dosage of CPZ(≤2.0 mg/L) administered to zebrafish embryos on 6-72 hpf,the escape times of 3 dpf larvae in the touched-evoke escape reaction was recorded.Moreover,spontaneous movement and light-evoked startle escape response of 6 dpf zebrafish were tracked and analyzed by using a video-tracking system.Results The lethal and teratogenic effects of CPZ was dose-dependent and stage-dependent.Histopathological examination revealed that brain volume and brain cells of 7 dpf larvae have reduced in size.The number of apoptotic cells of 36 hpf embryos has increased in midbrain,hindbrain,hypothalamus,midbrain hindbrain boundary,notochord as well as tail.The weaker tactile sensitivity was displayed when 3 dpf larvae were exposured to CPZ(≥0.125 mg/L).Hypoactivity was discovered when 6 dpf larvae were exposured to CPZ(≥0.5 mg/L).Furthermore,CPZ also evokes tremor,freezing or stereotypic circling swimming in 6 dpf larvae.CPZ(1.0 mg/L or 2.0 mg/L) can inhibit but CPZ(0.125 mg/L or 0.25 mg/L) can promote hyperactivity by light-evoked startle reaction.Conclusion CPZ can cause developmental neurotoxicity on zebrafish embryos and larvae.In addition,zebrafish larvae have obvious advantages to make it a powerful alternative for the developmental neurotoxicity assessment of exogenous compounds by using high-throughput behavioral test methods.

老年抑郁症是指60岁以上,以植物神经症状和认知功能障碍而出现的明显持续的情绪异常、思维和行为改变为主要特征的一组症侯群.

患者,女,35岁,于2002年10月28日来我院门诊,自述1周前无明原因出现全身皮肤发黄,且越来越胆显,无皮肤瘙痒,无食欲不振,无上腹部不适,小便稍黄,大便正常.既往无肝炎病史,无胆囊疾患.此次发病后曾在地方医院做腹部B超、肝功能检查均未发现异常.查体:神志清,精神可,全身皮肤呈棕黄色,巩膜无黄染,浅表淋巴结无肿大,心肺听诊无异常,腹部柔软,肝脾肋下未触及,全腹未扪及包块,脊柱四肢无畸形,活动自如,神经系统检查无异常.

有关专家报道我国60岁以上老年人患痴呆症的发病率为百分之五,而且随着年龄的增高其发病率也相应增高.

健康教育是每一位医务工作者指导病人正确认识疾病、积极治疗疾病、勇于战胜疾病、未病先防的重要手段.做好健康教育首先要求每一位医务工作者要热爱自己的本职工作,熟悉和掌握自己所学专业.

1病例介绍 患儿男,8岁,10天前患额窦炎在当地私人诊所给予口服中药苍耳子散剂10g,2/d,共3d,于6天前出现发热,体温最高38.3℃伴头痛,在当地私人诊所按"上呼吸道感染"给予静脉滴注"青霉素、病毒唑"等药物效果欠佳,当天晚上出现频繁呕吐,呕吐物为咖啡渣样物,伴口渴,遂到当地县医院查头颅CT示右颞顶部脑出血,给予对症治疗.

中医虽没有专门的"心理学"一书,但从它的历代专著中看,早已有明确记载.在中医的历代著作中有着极其丰富的"心理学"内涵,中医心理学的理论核心体现在阴阳整体论、水火五行论、心主神明论、藏象五志论、七情致病论中,并贯穿于病因、病机、诊断、治疗、养生等各个方面.

1临床资料 1999年初～2000年底收治老年慢性支气管炎急性发作及肺部感染患者36人次,年龄最大80岁,最小51岁,平均70岁.其中患病后在院外使用抗生素,如先锋霉素V、先锋必、青霉素、氨苄青霉素、菌必治、丁胺卡那霉素、氧氟沙星以及激素者12人次,其中入院后经痰培养证实白色念珠菌感染9人次,占收治人次的25%.