为了提高海水电解酸化系统的酸化效率和运行稳定性,高效地提取出海水中储存的高浓度CO2.基于流体分析软件Fluent,以三舱室海水酸化池为研究对象,建立其流场模型,对酸化池内的水流流场进行数值模拟,分析了不同的流量条件和不同的结构参数对海水流场分布的影响,探索性地研究了如何避免酸化池内不溶物沉积的产生.结果 表明,只有当改变酸化池的水流流道结构,使流道与入口尺寸接近时,才能提高酸化池的畅通性,消除流场中的低速滞留区.在搭建的海水电解酸化系统流程上进行了实验,实验结果验证了数值模拟的有效性和正确性,为海水电解酸化提取CO2酸化池的结构设计提供了依据.

Poly(vinlytetrazole-co-acrylonitrile) (Poly(VT-co-AN)) was synthesized via partial [3+2] cyclization of the cyano group of polyacrylonitrile , and then hydrolysis of the residual cyano group in basic condition leads to poly(vinyltetrazole-co-acrylic acid)( Poly(VT-co-AA)).The structures of Poly(VT-co-AA) and Poly(VT-co-AN) are characterized by FT-IR and 13C NMR.The results show that poly(VT-co-AN) contains tetrazole , cyano and carboxyl group , and the tetrazole content is 68.6%, which corresponds to the result of acid-base titration.The Poly( VT-co-AA) contains tetrazole and carboxyl group , and shows a higher acid value than Poly(VT-co-AN).The tetrazole content of Poly(VT-co-AA) is 67.6%and corresponds to the n( NaN3 )/n( PAN) ratio.Thermogravimetric analysis result shows that Poly ( VT-co-AA) decomposes faster , and decomposes fully in 270~285 ℃.

Ni/A12 O3 ,La-Ni/A12 O3 ,Mg-Ni/A12 O3 ahd Mg-La-Ni/A12 O3 cata1ysts were prepared by impreghatioh method. The cata1ysts were characterized by N2 adsorptioh,H2-TPR,XRD ahd SEM. The syhergistic reactioh of Mg ahd La assistahts ih hicke1 based cata1ysts was discussed. The resu1ts ihdicated that wheh La assistaht was added ihto the cata1yst,the ihteractioh of NiO ahd the supports was weakehed. As a resu1t,the percehtage of γ-NiO ih the cata1yst was decreased,but α-NiO with 1ower activity was formed. The additioh of Mg restraihed the form of NiA12 O4 ,ahd b1ocked the pores of the cata1ysts,which caused the agg1omeratioh of NiO oh the surface of the cata1ysts. Mg cou1d form so1id so1utioh with NiO. Uhder the syhergistic reactioh of Mg,the form ofα-NiO ih La-Ni/A12 O3 cata1yst was ihhibited. La additioh was beheficia1 to the dispersioh of NiO,ahd overcame the drawback of addihg Mg which made the pores of Mg-Ni/A12 O3 cata1yst b1ocked. The resu1ts of the activity eva1uatioh experimehts showed that the cata1ysts added with La ahd Mg assistahts exhibited differeht activity at differeht temperature rahges. Compared with Mg-Ni/A12 O3 cata1yst,the activity of La-Ni/A12 O3 cata1yst was higher at 1ow temperature,but 1ower at high temperature. Uhder the syhergistic reactioh of Mg ahd La,the activity of Mg-La-Ni/A12 O3 cata1yst was the best amohg the as-prepared cata1ysts.

Two different γ-Al2O3 supports with similar specific surface area, pore volume and pore diameter but different pore size distribution were used to prepare two Ni/Al2O3 methanation catalysts by impregnation method, and the catalysts were characterized by XRD, SEM and H2-TPR. The results of catalytic performance evaluation showed that catalyst Ni/Al2O3-A prepared by using the support with more dispersive distribution of pore size performed better activity. It was found by N2 adsorption characterization that there was a quantity of pore with diameter greater than 10nm in support A, and results of XRD and SEM indicated which made the active component more easy into the the pore channels of support, favoring the dispersion of active component to form finer NiO crystallines and inhibit the aggregation of NiO. Results of H2-TPR showed that there was more “fixed”γ-NiO in catalyst Ni/Al2O3-A, and the reduction product of the “fixed” γ-NiO was more difficult to sinter and detach from the support, which was beneficial for the activity and stability of catalyst.

Thepitchsphereswerepreparedbysuspensionmethodfromhightemperaturepitch ( softening point is 280℃) . The surface morphologies of pitch spheres were characterized by electron microscope. The effects of naphthalene content and balling conditions such as balling temperature, balling time, stir speed were investigated. The results show that the pitch spheres with naphthalene content of 30%have good sphericity and slick surface and the suitable sphericizing conditions were the temperature, 110℃-115℃, stir speed,300r/min, time,30min.

介绍了甲烷化的反应体系,CO、CO2甲烷化反应的机理;比较了CO体系、CO2体系和CO、CO2共存体系的甲烷化反应特点以及三种反应体系对催化剂的要求;综述了适用于不同体系催化剂的研究进展,并重点介绍了多种催化剂的载体、助剂与活性组分之间的相互作用方式以及几种催化剂对碳氧化物甲烷化反应的催化机理;甲烷化反应的应用方向逐步从合成氨、合成气制天然气向燃料电池、焦炉煤气等方向扩展,对反应体系的研究也由CO甲烷化体系向CO2甲烷化体系和共存体系方向发展;复合载体负载的多金属催化剂成为现在甲烷化催化剂的主要研究方向,纳米颗粒催化剂、等离子体等技术开始应用于甲烷化催化剂.

介绍生物净化技术净化挥发性有机气体的装置和影响因素方面的进展,并探讨生物净化技术的发展方向。

A biotrickling filter packed with plastic Pall ring and columned activated carbon has been developed,and the removal efficiency(RE)and elimination capacity(EC)of low concentrated benzene in marine cabins were investigated.Several operational parameters including performance and height of packing materials,benzene inlet concentration,gas residence time,which influence the removal efficiency,are tested experimentally.In the operated BTF Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,the maximum elimination capacities for benzene reached 36.97,79.41,185.42 mg/(L·h) respectively.The results showed that compound packing materials has higher biodegradation efficiency than that of above two single packing materials.

Conversion of CO2 to CO by H2 has been recognized as one of the important processes for CO2 utilization, but it is difficult to obtain high CO yield by catalytic method. We discussed the role of plasma activation in the direct gas phase reduction of CO2 to CO. The plasma was obtained by dielectric barrier discharge to the mixture of H2 and CO2 at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Moreover, we investigated the effects of main parameters on CO2 conversion, CO selectivity and energy efficiency of CO2 conversion , such as discharge power,the structure of plasma reactors, the ratio of H2 to CO2 as well as space between electrodes. It is observed that, at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, H2 and CO2 can be directly converted into CO only by plasma activation. The proper adjustment of above parameters can increase CO2 conversion. When the CO2 flow rate of the feed gas, the ratio of H2 to CO2, the discharge power, and the discharge frequency are fixed at 120 mL/min, 80 W and 10 kHz, respectively, the CO2 conversion efficiency and CO selectivity are 88.2% and 100%, respectively.

Hydrogen peroxide is an important green oxidizing agent. The conventional process for hydrogen peroxide production is the indirect anthraquinone process, which employs multiple unit operations, generates considerable waste, and requires significant energy input. Hence, the development of a simple and highly efficient process for the synthesis of hydrogen peroxide 3] is of great scientific and practical importance. The direct synthesis of H2O2 from H2 and O2 is a much greener route, and supported Pd and Au–Pd alloy catalysts are known to be effective. However, an inherent hazard of this direct route are the very wide flammability limits of H2/O2 mixtures (4– 94 mol %). Hence, safe working practices stipulate a H2 concentration below 4 mol %, and this limit greatly reduces the H2O2 formation rate. Natural gas, of which CH4 is the main component, is an inexpensive and abundant resource with a low environmental impact. Considerable efforts to develop processes for converting CH4 into more valuable products have been made. The most extensively studied processes are oxidative coupling of CH4 ; [11, 12] partial oxidation of CH4 to synthesis gas; [13] and the formation of oxygenated compounds, including methanol, formaldehyde, and formic acid. 20] To the best of our knowledge, H2O2 has not been effectively produced by oxidation of CH4, although H2 can be manufactured from CH4 and H2O2 can be produced by oxidation of H2. Spectroscopic evidence of the formation of H2O2 in a microwave discharge plasma of CH4/ O2 has been reported. [21] We have shown that the structure of the discharge reactor plays an important role in the direct synthesis of H2O2 with the plasma method. With a specially designed plasma reactor, an O2 conversion of 57.8 % with a H2O2 selectivity of 56.2 % can be obtained in the gaseous plasma of a H2/O2 mixture. Taking all these observations into account, the effective formation of H2O2 might be achieved by CH4/O2 discharge with a proper plasma reactor. Herein, we report that in a double dielectric (DD) plasma reactor a satisfactory yield of H2O2 can be achieved under ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure from a stoichiometric (1:1) feed of CH4 and O2 by using the plasma method. The oxidation of CH4 to H2O2 offers considerable advantages over the oxidation of H2 to H2O2 because valuable organic oxygenates (methanol, formaldehyde, and formic acid) can be effectively produced at the same time. Furthermore, a wide range of CH4 concentrations can be used without any explosion hazards. The DD plasma reactor was prepared according to our previous work; one modification is the use of a nonmetal composite high-voltage electrode. We call this reactor a DD plasma reactor because it uses two dielectrics. As shown in Table 1, when a CH4/O2 mixture containing 50 mol % O2 is fed into the DD plasma reactor at a total flow rate of 50 mL min 1 (CH4+O2), the reactor converts 90.8 % of the O2 and generates

Factors which have impacts on the performance of aluminum-anodization layer were introduced. Methods of bonding the active components with aluminum-anodization layer and applied progress of metal-supported catalysts made in the way of aluminum-anodization were also discussed. The application perspective of the catalysts was estimated.

A non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma by dielectric barrier discharge was used to study the direct oxidation of methane to hydrogen peroxide. The effects of the structure of plasma reactors, as well as the ratio of CH4 to O-2 were investigated. It is observed that at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, methane and oxygen can be directly converted into hydrogen peroxide with high yield. When a double dielectric barrier discharge( DDBD) plasma reactor is fed with a CH4/O-2 mixture containing 50% ( volume fraction) at a total flow rate of 50 mL/min(CH4 + O-2), it generates H2O2 with 29.2% yield and the H2O2 formation efficiency is estimated to be 221.6 g/m(3) (CH4/O-2). The high H2O2 yield obtained by CH4/O-2 plasma method may be attributed to the nonequilibrium property of non-thermal plasma that the electron energy inside the conductive filament corresponds to a few electron volt, while the gas temperature stays close the temperature of the background gas. As a result, the energetic electrons in the plasma region collide with molecules and atoms of the CH4/O-2 mixture and generate excited species, atoms, as well as other molecular fragments that initiate the ensuing chemical reactions and produce H2O2, while the thermal decomposition of H2O2 is neglectable because of low gas temperature.

In phosphoric acid solution,porous alumina films were fabricated for elimination hydrogen by anodization.The anodization conditions,voltage,current density,oxidation temperature,oxidation time and hot water sealing were studied.And the porous anodic aluminum oxide was investigated by scanning electron microscopy.The results of SEM for fabricated porous alumina films showed that the thickness of anodic alumina films can reach 13.4 μm and the pores diameter 100 nm.In the condition of normal temperature,H2 concentration 1.1%～1.3%,space velocity 20 000 L/h,the elimination hydrogen efficiency of the elimination hydrogen catalyst made from supports fabricated as above by supported Pt-Pd was above 85%.

The absorption of low concentration CO2(≤0.5%)into Monoethanolamine(MEA)using hydrophobic polypropylene hollow fiber membrane contactor had been adopted.Several factors on removal efficiency(η)and volumetric overall mass transfer coefficient(KGa)were investigated,such as absorbent concentration,liquid flow rate,gas flow rate,CO2 feed concentration.The result indicated that CO2 removal efficiency could be higher by membrane absorption.The process of absorption was mainly controlled by gas-film.The resistant of liquid-film could be negligible.Meanwhile,the mass transfer model was set up,the results from the model were in good agreement with the experimental data.

Catalyst composing was investigated by orthogonal test in combination with single factor experiment.The effects of Cr-promoter and different mass ratios on the catalyst performance were investigated at 220℃ and 250℃.The mole ratio of steam to methanol was 1.3,and the liquid space velocity was 1.5 h-1.The result is:the best Cu/Cr mass ratio was 1∶1,and the CO content decreased 50% while the methanol conversion increased 20%by using this catalyst.

CO2 removal is an important part of life support system in closed space. CO2 absorption by packed column is adopted traditionally. However,several disadvantages such as flooding at high flow rate,channeling and foaming,may lead to difficulties in mass transfer between gas and liquid. Therefore,it is fundamental to explore superior technology of carbon dioxide removal. Several methods of CO2 absorption are introduced,such as high gravity technology,membrane absorption,solid amine based molecular sieve,CO2 fixation by microalgae,ionic liquids to removal CO2 and so on. Meanwhile the present status and progress of CO2 are reviewed.

The performance of the Cu/Zn/(Fe, Mn, Cr)/AlO catalysts were investigated at 220 ℃ for methanol steam reforming . The mole ratio of steam to methanol was 1.3, and the liquid space velocity was 1.5 h-1. The adding of Cr can enhance conversion of methanol and reduce CO production rate .CO content decreased 54% while the methanol conversion increased 20% under 220 ℃ with Cu30Zn15Cr45Al10 catalyst.

CO2 removal is an important part of life support system in confined space,chemical absorption by packed column is adopted traditionally. However,several disadvantages such as flooding at high flow rate and channeling,which lead to difficulties in mass transfer between gas and liquid. Membrane absorption is a new technology of separating carbon dioxide in recent years,which is more attractive. Membrane contactor can provide larger interfacial area to increase the mass transfer coefficient comparing to traditional chemical absorption technique. In this paper,the mechanism and characters of membrane absorption is introduced,and making comparing to traditional chemical absorption,together with an analysis of membrane absorption from three aspects,including the technology of membrane absorption,absorption solution and membrane materials. The prospect of future development is proposed.

The application study of solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) technology was summarized including treatment of waste water, electrochemical synthesis, fuel cell, separation, sensor and water electrolysis, the development status of which were discussed, and the application prospect of this technology in these aspects was proposed.

Composition Group Vector Space (CGVS) method for estimating melting and boiling point T m , T b of organic compound has been proposed, and the principle of this method has been elucidated. The models for estimating T m , T b have been established and the numerical values of relative parameters have been presented. The average percentage deviations of T m , T b estimation are 7.53 and 1.58, respectively, which show that the present method demonstrates significant improvement in applicability to predict the above properties, compared to conventional group methods.