随着现代分子生物学技术的飞速发展和进步,分子标记新技术应运而生.国内传统育种研究重点在地方品种、培育品种的种质评定等方面.生长、胴体、毛皮等性状的研究成为了分子遗传育种研究的重点.本文主要对家兔的毛皮、生长、繁殖、抗病等性状遗传多样性的候选基因进行了综述.

The volatile components in roots of Hedychium flavum Roxb. in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan province were studied by GC-MS. Fifty-six components were detected, among which 51 components were identified. The main components(relative mass fraction) wereα-pinene(9.142%),β-pinene(20.289%), 1,8-cineole (8.400%), limonene(19.602%), linalool(10.042%), p-cymene(5.448%),γ-terpinene(3.678%), etc. The volatile components in flowers and roots of Hedychium flavum Roxb. were compared, the results showed that their main aroma components were roughly same, but some special aroma components(terpene alcohols) which determined their aroma profiles were different, the aroma of roots was depressed, and that of flowers was pungent with a sweet note.

[目的]采用热处理结合茎尖分生组织培养的方法,研究薄荷组培脱毒技术.[方法]以薄荷组培苗为试材,在高温热处理不同天数后剥取茎尖,进行薄荷花叶病毒脱毒技术研究,同时采用RT-PCR法检测其脱毒效果.[结果]适合薄荷热处理时间为20~45 d,试管苗的成活率可达66.7%~90.0%;32~38℃热处理35~45 d剥取0.3~0.5 mm的茎尖进行培养,脱毒率为100.0%.[结论]热处理结合茎尖培养是一种脱除薄荷病毒的有效途径.

Objective] To analyze the chemical components of two main kinds of edible gingers in Yunnan Province.[Method] Chemical compo-nents of volatile oil from two types of Zingiber officinale Rosc ( White Ginger and Luoping Ginger) were researched by GC/MS method.[ Result] A total of 56 components were detected in the volatile oil of white ginger;and 50 components were identified.The main chemical components wereβ-phelandrene(14.800%), 2-nonanone(12.648%), camphene(12.349%), citral(6.342%), borneol(5.357%), limonene(6.342%), citronellol(2.895%),β-bisabolene(2.842%)and so on.As for Luoping Ginger, 67 components were detected in the volatile oil;and 60 compo-nents were identified.The main chemical components wereβ-phelandrene(10.832%), camphene(8.317%), citral(8.301%), ethyl trans-cine-matic(6.799%), 1,8-cineole(5.795%), borneol(5.357%), limonene(4.643%),geraniol(3.650%),alloaromadendrene(2.940%), citron-ellyl acetate(2.675%) and so on.[Conclusion] Comparison of the volatile oils from two kinds of Z.officinale showes that their characteristic fra-grance components are all most the same, and fragrance of Luoping Ginger is more abundance and gentleness.

To study the factors influencing the yield of oil and the variation of main aroma components in Mentha arvensis L., the different species of this plant were planted in three locations including Kunming, Jinghong and Longchuan in Yunnan. The influences of the varieties of mint species, the harvest season, placing time, methods used to obtain oil and planting environment on its oil yield were studied. The results showed that the oil yield of species B1 introduced from Nanjing was very high, and species A1, A2 were more suitable to grow up in Yunnan. Higher oil yields were obtained from the mints harvested in summer and autumn, also from the fresh plant after placing 24 h or dried ones. Geography environments with lower altitude and higher air temperature were benefit to improve the yield of oil. With the increasing of cultivation time, the change of main components would exist in introduced plant comparing with original plant, which should be the results of plant adapting stress and environment, however, it was always considered as the result of plant degradation.

马郁兰(Origanum marjorana)为唇形科(Labiatae)牛至属多年生草本植物,也称马约兰、甘牛至.其原生地为地中海沿岸和北美等地区,主要分布在法国、德国、意大利、西班牙等欧洲大陆的温和地区.马郁兰在我国野生资源十分丰富[1],尚未大规模种植,仅在广东、广西等地有少量庭院种植,作为世界范围内受欢迎的食用香料作物之一,应用于食用、药用、日化、园林等方面.全株具有温和的特殊香味,呈柠檬和紫丁香的混和香气,是一种很好的蜜源植物,株高35～65 cm,茎直立,菱形或四方形,绿色;叶片倒卵状椭圆形,对生,全缘,长0.6～1.5 cm,两面有绒毛;茎先端着生小穗状花序,3～5朵花群生,花冠白色至粉红色或紫色,具有较高的观赏价值,是一种极具开发潜力的香草植物.

Elsholtziacommunis is rich in citrals,the chemical constituents of its essential oil were studied by GC-MS in this paper,55 components were identified in totally 62 detected components,mainly including neral,genarial,carvone,β-pinene, etc. The antimicrobial activity of this oil to Staphylococcusaureus,Escherichiacoli,Aspergillusfumigatus and Candidaal-bicans were also investigated. The results showed that the oil of Elsholtzia communis had significant activity to these four kinds of bacteria,especially to Staphylococcusaureus and Escherichiacoli.

To obtain the technology conditions of extracting saponins from Sapindus delavayi pericarp and the bioactivities of saponins,the extraction technology conditions of saponins,insecticidal activity of saponins and anti-bacteria activity of saponins were studied with the method based on orthogonal tests,sensitive layer and MIC method,respectively.The results showed that alcohol 75% for 5 h,ratio of solvent to material 1∶ 5,and 200 mL n-butyl alcohol in extraction were the optimal conditions.Compared with the contrast group,the saponins from S.delavayi had a good lethality-rate to Plutella xylostella and Brevicorvne brassicae and could kill B.brassicae rapidly.The effect of lethality-rate and inhibitory action to P.xylostella with 5000 mg/L concentration of S.delavayi saponins was visible and the effect of lethality-rate to B.brassicae with 10 000 mg/L concentration of S.delavayi saponins was visible.In the same time,the saponins didn’t have visible anti-bacteria activity.

In this paper,the main chemical types of the volatility components in Mentha are summarized,and the research progress and developing tendency on seed selection and breeding of the plants are reviewed.

The seedling adaptaion and transplanting technology of mint vitrification and the influence factors were studied,and a series of management techniques were summarized.The best state and transplanting techniques of mint seedling adaptation were introduced,including substrate choosing,planting methods and protection after transplanting.The results showed that normal roots after 10 days rooting culture+3 days+seedling adaptation 3 days,transplanted into substrate perlite∶sand=2∶1,managed in accordance with the principles of gradual control of water,lightning,humidity,would esaily experience the seedling adaptation,and survival rate of transplant would more than 90%.

The chemical constituents of the Mentha arvensis oil of Yunnan were studied by GC/MS method in this paper.49 Constituents were isolated,44 constituents were identified.They are menthol,menthone,limonene,1,8-cineole,piperitone,germacrene-D and menthyl acetate,etc.The study on the antimicrobial activity of the Mentha arvensis essential oil against Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli,Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans were also conducted.The results show that the oil has antimicrobial activity to Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans.

Hodgsonia macrocarpa （B1.） Cogn, a tropical oil plant, has great potential for development. It has been studied and cultivated since botanist Cai Xitao found it in 1933 in Yunnan. We are now getting know this plant through a studied patterns conducted by the institute of flavor and fragrance research in 2008.

In this experiment,the bioactivity of the extracts from different parts of Sapindus delavayi fruits to Plutella xylostella and Brevicoryne brassicae and the bioactivity of imidacloprid or abamectin to P.xylostella and B.brassicae when mixed up with the extractions of S.delavayi's pericarp were studied.The findings indicated that the pericarp extraction had a good lethal rate to P.xylostella larvae and also had a good inhibitory action to its pupation and eclosion.Both the pericarp and kernel extractions of S.delavayi had good lethal bioactivity to B.brassicae.The bioactivity of imidacloprid to B.brassicae could be significantly enhanced when the S.delavayi pericarp extraction mixed up with imidacloprid,which did not obviously improve the bioactivity of abamectin to P.xylostella.