横缝深止水方案的布设对轴流式机组蜗壳部位的应力影响较大,而深止水方案的布设通常根据工程经验确定,没有统一的规范.止水方案的布设在满足防渗和安全的同时,应选择最优布设使其对蜗壳应力的影响较小.依托某轴流式水电站实际工程,建立厂房的ANSYS三维有限元模型,模拟在机组正常运行和检修工况下,横缝深止水在上游处闭合和上游处联通两种方案的不同止水布设对蜗壳应力的影响.对比两种深止水方案下蜗壳进口断面、内部典型断面和外包混凝土的应力变化,结果表明:随着止水位置的上移,两种深止水方案下的蜗壳应力变化规律相同,但相同的止水位置下,上游联通方案对蜗壳各种应力的减小幅度是上游闭合方案的2 倍以上,横缝深止水布设时可优先采用上游联通方案进行止水.

引入可变模糊集理论进行大坝安全评价工作,以混凝土坝安全监测数据为依托,选取监测中关注度较高的核心指标组建并确立混凝土坝安全评价指标体系及评价标准,采用层次分析法确定各待评指标权重值,建立基于可变模糊集理论的大坝安全评价模型;选取工程实例与其他评价方法进行对比分析,验证了该评价模型的准确性和适用性.结果表明,该方法能够较为全面地反馈大坝安全等级,提高了评价结果的可靠性,评价过程简单、逻辑清晰,具有较强的实用价值.

风电塔筒是风电机组重要支撑结构,其垂直度对机组安全及稳定性有重要影响,塔筒受自然和人为因素的长期影响会出现表面损伤、结构不均匀等现象,塔筒的传统监测方法会产生异常误差而导致测量结果失真.对此,本文采用稳健估计理论分析风电塔筒垂直度,结合最小二乘法拟合塔筒截面测量值的圆心及半径,通过Huber迭代权函数,逐步消除测量值序列存在的粗差、偶然误差等异常测点的影响,并采用实例进行验证.结果 表明:稳健最小二乘法拟合风电塔筒垂直度具有较强的抗差能力,可有效避免粗差、偶然误差等异常测量值的影响,提高了拟合参数和垂直度分析的可靠性,易于编程实现,具有较强的实用价值,该方法可为风力发电塔及类似高耸塔筒的垂直度监测分析提供参考.

大坝监测控制指标关乎其运行安全,对运行期监测数据进行指标拟定具有重要意义.以功果桥大坝为工程依托,通过典型小概率法和统计模型的置信区间法分别计算了典型坝段的坝顶水平位移监控指标,结合设计值与历史极值对监控指标进行了综合拟定.结果表明:典型小概率法计算结果和历史数据较为吻合,置信区间法计算极值范围相对较宽,反映了其变形余量,需结合设计值及外在条件的变化进行综合拟定和修正.研究成果对计算坝体其他监测数据的监控指标具有参考意义,可为大坝运行管理和状态评估提供依据.

某风电机组基础发生沉降不均匀的现象,通过查阅风机基础设计图纸及现场勘查风机基础情况,发现导致基础沉降不均匀的原因是由于基础表面受到外部载荷持续性作用以及风机基础下与强风化白云岩之间有0.55 m厚度的粘土导致.采取堆载纠偏法对风机基础进行处理,并通过在纠偏过程中持续开展沉降观测,及时调整堆载重物的重量,使得风机基础沉降趋于安全范围,保证了风机的安全、稳定运行.

In comparison with traditional manual inspection, the adoption of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) can improve the grid inspection efficiency. However, the application of UAV to electric inspection was still in trial stage. It lacked the unified standard operation process. Based on the practical inspection of an extra-high voltage transmission and transformation project in Guizhou South China Power Grid by UAV, a scientific and reasonable inspection process has been put forward. The field validation of this inspection process has been conducted. The results showed that UAV inspection could not only reduce the cost input of human resource, but also overcome the inspection failure caused by complex terrain, extreme weather and other uncontrollable factors. The scopes and efficiency of inspection operations have been improved significantly.

高压介质损耗及电容增量试验可认为是一种间接的局部放电试验,用于发现定子绕组绝缘是否存在缺陷.尤其运行年久的机组应该进行绝缘老化鉴定试验,以便对定子绝缘状态作出正确的判断.针对某厂已运行22年机组进行定子绕组介质损耗及电容增量试验分析研究.采用串联谐振试验装置与精密介质损耗电桥配合测量发电机介质损耗和电容,对比分析试验数据,结果表明该发电机组整体绝缘状态正常,可继续投入运行.

以轴流式机组厂房坝段为研究对象,分析在正常运行和机组检修两种运行工况下不同水平止水布置方案尾水管和蜗壳结构的应力变化规律.研究结果表明:横缝水平止水布置在尾水管弯肘段范围内时,随着止水的上抬尾水管部位混凝土及内敷钢衬拉应力逐渐减小;横缝水平止水布置在蜗壳高程范围内时,与上游竖直止水连通方案比闭合方案缓解蜗壳附近应力效果更佳.实际工程设计中,建议轴流式机组厂房横缝水平止水布置为:水平止水上游段布置在蜗壳进口断面顶板下表面附近,且与上游竖直止水连通;水平止水下游段布置在尾水管扩散段出口顶部高程附近.

以轴流式机组厂房中间坝段为研究对象,计算分析电站厂房在不同横缝竖向止水布设形式下进出水口关键部位的应力,探究其规律性.研究结果表明,横缝上游止水设置在进水口偏下游侧、横缝下游竖向止水设置在出水口偏上游侧,可有效缓解厂房结构进出水口关键部位的应力.综合考虑结构应力及水电站厂房的适用性等各个因素,建议将上游竖向止水设置在距离厂房坝段上游面(0.7～0.9)B(B为厂房坝段上游面至胸墙下游面最小距离)处,下游竖向止水设置在距离下游面0.9D(D为厂房坝段下游面至下游挡墙上游面的最小距离)处,可最大程度上降低结构的应力.研究成果为类似厂房结构横缝竖向止水布设提供参考.

Natural vibration frequency is related to the safety of hydropower stations under dynamic loads. It is significant to pre-dict and control the frequency during the design phase. We performed modal analysis on the hydropower house using the AN-SYS finite element softw are. Thus, we obtained the natural vibration f requency of the structure under the different material pa-rameters ( elasticity modulus and bulk density) of the first- and second-stage concrete and the foundation. We estimated the cor-relation between the structure's natural vibration frequency and the main material parameters using the syst emat ical analysis met hod based on grey relat ional grade. The follow ing conclusions were reached. When only the elasticity modulus was consid-ered, the elast icity modulus of the foundat ion had the largest influence on The natural vibration frequency, followed by the first-stage concrete and The second-stage concrete of the hydropower house. When only The concrete bulk densit y was considered, the influence of The second-stage concrete bulk density was slightly larger than thatof The first-st age concrete. When both elast icity modulus and concrete bulk density were considered, the concrete bulk density had a greater influence than elast icity modulus on the natural vibration frequency of the hydropower st ation, and their correlations w ith the natural vibrat ion frequency showed lit-tle difference. The research results can provide reference for controlling the natural vibration frequency of sim ilar structures.

[目的]将改进粒子群算法用于重力坝断面的优化计算,为重力坝的优化设计提供支持.[方法]针对传统粒子群算法(PSO)中线性递减的惯性权重极易导致算法陷入局部极值的不足,提出一种改进的粒子群算法(Improved PSO),该算法利用三角函数的相关性质改进惯性权重(w)随时间的动态变化模式,以使惯性权重值在算法的初期保持较大取值,然后逐渐递减而在算法的末期保持较小取值,从而提高粒子群算法的全局搜索能力,增强算法的收敛性能.编制基于改进粒子群算法的重力坝断面优化设计计算程序,对某水利枢纽工程的非溢流重力坝断面进行优化计算分析,并与遗传算法和标准粒子群算法的计算结果进行比较.[结果]采用改进粒子群算法得到的非溢流重力坝的最优断面面积为5 147.3 m2,而采用标准粒子群算法(SPSO)得到的非溢流重力坝的最优断面面积为5 416.5 m2,前者较后者减小9.45％,极大地提高了经济性;采用改进的粒子群算法得到最优解需要计算15步,而采用标准粒子群算法得到最优解需要计算22步,粒子群算法收敛速度提高了31.8％.通过2种算法计算结果的对比,表明改进的粒子群算法不仅能得到更好的优化结果,而且保持了较快的收敛速度.[结论]改进粒子群算法可以用于大型水利工程结构的优化计算与设计.

Finite element numerical calculation is widely used in hydraulic engineering.Its accuracy and error is one of the important problems that need to be considered and controlled.Studies on this issue can provide technical support for the FEM in the design and check of hydraulic engineering.Gravity dam was used as the object of research.The factors influencing the error in finite element stress calculation were analyzed by comparing the resultant load value of the gravity dam with the internal force value of the dam base surface from finite element calculation (integral value of stress of dam base surface).The results showed that extracting the stress from different objects results in different finite element calculation error,even under the same stress state.It is necessary to select the proper object to extract the stress from according to the research goal and error control requirements.The error can be greatly reduced by making the thin-layer foundation adjacent to the dam the same size and in the same constraint condition as the dam body.Proper determination on mesh size,simulation range of foundation,number of paths to extract the stress,and spacing of extracting points can meet the required precision without overly consuming resources or time.The results can provide reference for controlling the finite element calculation error in similar projects.

It is significative on theory and application aspects to have a research on energy-saving operation of trains under the case of huge energy consumption of orbit traffic transportation. The mathematical optimal models for lowest energy consumption of single train, for energy saving operation of multiple train and for the train delaying multi-objective optimi-zation control are set up based on analying the energy transformation mechanism of train running from the aspect of sav-ing energy. To face the complexity of model and its constraint conditions,"Simulation optimization"method which based on the cuckoo optimization algorithm and dynamic search method is proposed, to solve the problem of train energy-saving operation strategies. Compared with other similar algorithms, the proposed method has certain advantages. The optimal speed-distance curve of train in various conditions is obtained, which is consonant with the practice. The improved search algorithm is more efficient, the research thinking and mathematical model will have certain realistic directive signifi-cance to energy-saving optimization of trains. The model-solving methods is reasonable and applicative for complex opti-mization mathematical model, which has certain reference value.

Two common empirical estimate methods, PAN Jiazheng method and IWHR empirical formula method, were used to calculate the height of reservoir bank landslide surge of Wu River.By comparing the results from two estimate methods, it is found that the height of surge calculated by IWHR empirical formula method is far less than that of PAN Jiazheng method.It is suggested that Pan Jiazheng method should be used as the main empirical method in the estimation of landslide while the IWHR empirical formula method as an auxiliary method.By comparing the results of surge height before pressing foot at the toe of slope and after, it is indicated that height of surge decreased obviously after pressing foot at the toe of slope.The method of pressing foot at the toe of slope can prevent the disaster of reservoir bank landslide surge.

In view of limitations of the sleeve fracturing method for deep in-situ stress testing, a sleeve expansion pipe was improved for ground stress measurement. Synthesizing the characteristics of sin-gle-hole sleeve fracturing method and control fracturing method, a more operable ground stress meas-urement technology of parallel boreholes sleeve fracturing method was provided in this paper. Addition-ally, the formulas for the single-hole sleeve fracturing and the control fracturing were modified reasona-bly through the testing. The results show that the correction coefficients obtained for single-hole sleeve fracturing method was 0.78, while that for control fracturing method was 0.83. In-situ test was carried out for main track roadway buried in 965 m underground located at Zhuji east coal mine. The test results show that the maximum principal stress is 23.16 MPa in the west-east direction, the intermediate prin-cipal stress is 21.04 MPa in the vertical direction, and the minimum principal stress is 13.01 MPa in the north-south direction.

The operation safety of spillway structure can be influenced by anti-sliding stability of spillway sidewall .To study the stability of spillway sidewall ,the three-dimensional finite element calculation model of the spillway sidewall in complex stepped foundation surface was established by using ANSYS software ,which based on one project ,the normal stress and shear stress of the complex stepped foundation surface was calculated in this paper .It obtained the total effect and total resistance by integral ,and the stability against sliding of the spillway sidewall was discriminated by partial coef-ficient under limit state .The calculation results show that the maximum compressive stress of spillway sidewall surface is less than 3 .9 MPa while the maximum tensile stress is less than 0 .5 MPa ,and the results meet the foundation bearing capacity .The trends of safety margin of sidewall section from upstream to downstream are similar to sine curve and the anti-sliding stability of each section during operation period meets the requirement .It provides important reference for practical engineering design and safety assessment .

Through improving the finite element method of anti-sliding stability on simple sliding surface and applying it to the complex foundation surface so as to provide a reference for the finite element method of anti-sliding stability calculation of similar structure.The paper used ANSYS to establish two-dimensional finite element model of high guide wall on the complex foundation surface,and analyzed the antisliding stability of structure with five schemes in order to provide the basis for the selection of anchor cable reinforcement scheme and the safety assessment of structure.The Results show that the scheme of lateral tilt anchor cable should be taken and the structure can satisfy the requirement of anti-sliding stability in run-time under this scheme.The calculation method of anti-sliding stability has been applied to practical engineering and has a strong suitability and a certain reference value.

水电站溢洪道导墙承受的荷载及其结构形式比较复杂.为了准确了解溢洪道导墙在复杂荷载作用下的应力及其侧向抗滑稳定性,采用ANSYS建立三维有限元模型,对溢洪道导墙控制段进行了整体空间应力与变形分析计算.经计算得到了导墙在复杂荷载组合作用下结构的整体变形和应力分布规律,并分析计算了导墙的整体侧向抗滑稳定性.研究结果表明:溢洪道导墙在复杂荷载组合作用下的整体变形和应力分布满足设计要求;导墙的整体侧向抗滑稳定性满足要求.所采用的溢洪道导墙侧向抗滑稳定性分析方法在实际工程建设中得以应用,具有广泛的适用性和一定的参考价值.

In order to study influences of force attenuation and cable failure of prestressed anchor on the stability of the right guide wall, taking the actual situation of a project as an example, the ANSYS finite element software was used to simulate the spillway right guide wall and to validate the scheme feasibility of the given anchor reinforcement, also to study impacts of the constant decrease of prestressed anchor ca-ble and the failure of single row anchor on the structure stability of the right guide wall. The results showed that the given anchor cable reinforcement scheme is feasible. The structure stability of the right guide wall continues to decrease with the attenuation of the prestressed anchor cable, the structure stabili-ty of the right guide wall reaches ultimate bearing state when the prestressed anchor cable attenuation de-creased from 3000kN to 500kN, the top anchor rope failure has the greatest effect on the structure stabili-ty of the right guide wall.

为了改善预应力闸墩受力状态,同时在节约成本的基础上,保证其结构的安全运行,从锚块与闸墩接触方式、锚索吨位和次锚索位置三个方面进行优化研究,对预应力闸墩进行优化分析,进而改善闸墩颈部、锚块和锚固洞的应力状态.结果表明:锚块底部与闸墩采用分离式接触方式,可以大大降低锚块下游面与闸墩交界处的拉应力.预应力锚索的拉锚系数的增大有利于减小闸墩颈部的拉应力,但同时锚块和锚固洞周围的拉应力会有所增大.次锚索靠近锚块下游面,可以更好地抵消主锚索对锚块产生的局部拉应力,但对闸墩颈部和锚固洞的影响很小.此算例推荐锚块底部与闸墩采用分离式接触方式;拉锚系数采用1.95,即主锚索永存吨位为3 200 kN,次锚索永存吨位为1 900 kN;水平次锚索尽量靠近锚块下游面布置.