The northern structural belt of Kuqa Depression is adjacent to the South Tianshan orogenic belt, which are characterized by complex geological conditions. The reservoir quality of the Jurassic Ahe Formation is controlled by sedimentation, diagenesis, and tectonics, and show complex pore structure and strong heterogeneity, thereby hindering effective natural gas exploration and development. Core, thin sections, cathodoluminescence (CL), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), conventional well logs and image logs are used to characterize the petrological characteristics and pore systems. Then a comprehensive analysis integrating sedimentation, diagenesis, and tectonics is performed to unravel the reservoir formation mechanism and distribution of reservoir quality. Results show that reservoir properties are generally environmentally selective. Coarse grained sandbodies (gravelly sandstones) formed in high depositional-energy have the best physical properties, while fine sandstone and mudstone with low depositional energy is easily to be tightly compacted, and have poor reservoir quality. Porosity usually decreases with compaction and cementation, and increases due to dissolution. Clay minerals filling pores result in a deterioration of the pore structure. Microfracture formed by fracturing can connect the matrix pores, effectively improving the reservoirs’ permeability. The differential distribution of fractures and in-situ stress plays an important role in modifying reservoir quality. The in-situ stress has obvious control over the matrix physical properties and fracture effectiveness. The matrix physical properties are negatively correlated with the value of horizontal stress difference (Δσ). As the value of Δσ increases, the pore structure becomes more complex, and the macroscopic reservoir quality becomes poor. The smaller the strike divergence between the natural fracture and SHmax, the lower the value of Δσ in the fracture layers is, and the better the fracture effectiveness is. Under the control of ternary factors on the reservoir, sedimentation-diagenesis jointly affect the matrix reservoir quality, while fractures and in-situ stress caused by tectonism affect the permeability and hydrocarbon productivity of the reservoir. Affected by ternary factors, reservoir quality and hydrocarbon productivity show obvious differences within the various structural location. Reservoir quality in tight sandstones can be predicted by integrating sedimentation, diagenesis, and tectonics (fracture and in-situ stress) in a compressional tectonic setting like Kuqa Depression. The research results will provide insights into the efficient exploration of oil and gas in Kuqa Depression as well as similar compressional tectonic settings elsewhere.

The Fengcheng Formation is a crucial source rock and the primary reservoir for oil accumulation in the Mahu Sag. Crude oils are distributed throughout the Fengcheng Formation, ranging from the edge to the interior of the sag in the southern Mahu Sag. These crude oils originate from in-situ source rocks in shallowly buried areas and the inner deep sag. During migration, the crude oil from the inner deep sag affects the source rocks close to carrier beds, leading to changes in the organic geochemical characteristics of the source rocks. These changes might alter source rock evaluations and oil-source correlation. Based on data such as total organic carbon (TOC), Rock-Eval pyrolysis of source rocks, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of the saturated fraction, and considering the geological characteristics of the study area, we define the identification characteristics of source rock affected by migrated hydrocarbons and establish the various patterns of influence that migrated hydrocarbons have on the source rock of the Fengcheng Formation in the southern Mahu Sag. The source rocks of the Fengcheng Formation are mostly fair to good, containing mainly Type II organic matter and being thermally mature enough to generate oil. Source rocks affected by migrated hydrocarbons exhibit relatively high hydrocarbon contents (S-1/TOC >110 mg HC/g TOC, Extract/TOC >30 %, HC: hydrocarbon), relatively low Rock-Eval T-max values, and relatively high tricyclic terpane contents with a descending and mountain-shaped distribution. Furthermore, biomarker composition parameters indicate a higher thermal maturity than in-situ source rocks. Through a comparison of the extract biomarker fingerprints of adjacent reservoirs and mudstones in different boreholes, three types of influence patterns of migrated hydrocarbons are identified: the edge-influence of thin sandstone-thick mudstone, the mixed-influence of sandstone-mudstone interbedded, and the full-influence of thick sandstone-thin mudstone. This finding reminds us that the influence of migrated hydrocarbons must be considered when evaluating source rocks and conducting oil-source correlation.

It is of great significance to reduce the uncertainty of seismic phase analysis results by combining multiple deep learning algorithms to mine hidden and useful information in seismic data,and to achieve mutual complementarity and optimization.Therefore,a method and process of deep learning seismic phase analysis from label training to data mining to optimization were proposed.Firstly,waveform classification is per-formed by the SOM of the self-organizing mapping network diagram,which provides representative training data for supervised learning.Then,the convolutional neural network CNN and the circulating neural network RNN are used for seismic phase analysis,and the predicted seismic phase analysis results are input to the generative adversarial neural network GAN for optimization between algorithms and uncertainty analysis of operation results,and finally the optimal results are given based on actual data analysis.The method and practical process of SOM+CNN/RNN+GAN combined supervised and unsupervised deep learning seismic facies analysis are proposed and realized,and it is proved that the method improves the reliability and effect of seismic facies analysis and oil and gas reservoir prediction results through the practical application of oil and gas prediction in river channel sand reservoir reservoirs in the study area.

地下储层中存在介观尺度的裂缝是导致地震波的速度频散和能量衰减的一个重要原因.从 Galvin介观裂缝模型出发,重构其低频极限和高频极限的表达形式,将频散关系施加到裂缝模型上构建依赖频率的裂缝柔度参数,建立了一种改进的介观尺度的裂缝型岩石物理模型.基于该改进模型,利用附加柔度的组合性质,可以容易地构建更复杂的模型并进行依赖频率的地震响应特征分析.在传统的反射系数公式中引入频率参数,分析了具有不同裂缝长度、背景渗透率、流体粘度等频散敏感参数的反射界面上的频散 AVO 及地震记录响应特征.通过数值模拟得出频散敏感参数主要影响发生频散的频段,即影响岩石的特征频率;当模型的特征频率与地震波频段主频相近时,频散现象最突出,当特征频率大于地震波频段主频一个数量级时,可以忽略频散作用,此时采用传统的 Gassmann方程即可较准确地分析地震剖面的特征.基于改进模型得到的认识为地震频散特征的实际应用提供了岩石物理模型的构建方面的指导.

Lacustrine shale, represented by the Middle Permian Lucaogou Formation in the Jimsar Depression in the eastern Junggar Basin, has become one of the main areas of shale oil exploration in China. In this study, we used 137 samples of shale from the Lucaogou Formation, drawn from 14 wells in the Jimsar Depression, to investigate their characteristics of pyrolysis, organic carbon and soluble organic matter content, biomarkers, organic microscopic composition, and vitrinite reflectance. Basin simulation and hydrocarbon generation thermal simulation experiments were also conducted in a closed system. The results of this study indicate that the input of an algae source was dominant in the source rocks of the Lucaogou Formation, that the water in which the rocks were deposited had high salinity and strong reducibility, and that the source rocks were oil-prone. The Lucaogou source rocks generally had good hydrocarbon generation capability, but showed significant heterogeneity. At the end of the Cretaceous period, the shales in the Lucaogou Formation entered the oil-generation window as a whole. Currently, the shales of the Lucaogou Formation are generally in the high-maturity stage in the deep part of the depression, producing a large amount of high-maturity oil and condensate gas, while those in the shallow part have relatively low maturity and can only produce a large amount of conventional crude oil. The maximum crude oil generation rate of the Lucaogou Formation shale obtained from the thermal simulation results was 220.2 mg/g of the total organic carbon (TOC), and the maximum hydrocarbon expulsion efficiency was estimated to be 59.3–76.4%.

利用新采集处理的十余条地震格架大剖面,结合相关三维地震和钻井资料,探讨准噶尔盆地中部石炭纪末期构造单元分布及地质意义.通过井震标定与地震不整合面识别,对盆地中部地区石炭系顶部进行连片构造解释,采用层拉平地震剖面方法恢复了石炭纪末期构造单元分布特征.准噶尔盆地中部石炭纪末期存在中央隆起一级构造单元,中央隆起规模大,包含4个凸起和2个凹陷,发育于早石炭世中期,并在晚石炭世-早二叠世处于大幅度隆升与剥蚀状态,是中-晚石炭世盆地西缘、南缘和东北缘三个前陆盆地前缘隆起的叠置区,控制了上覆二叠系沉积与构造格局的展布.中央隆起区发育多火山口、多期喷发火山岩相系统控制的大规模火山岩储集层,是深层油气勘探的重要领域,最有利的勘探区位于中央隆起的西段和南段.

Continuous petroleum accumulations are becoming important in petroleum exploration. This paper reports a new giant oil play within a lacustrine stratum, the Lower Triassic Baikouquan Formation of the northwestern Junggar Basin, northwestern China. This giant oil play is typical of a continuous petroleum accumulation, with low reservoir porosity and permeability (averages of 7.52% and 0.97 md, respectively), continuous hydrocarbon distribution over a large area (= 1000 km2), stratigraphic traps, and anomalously high formation pressure (pressure coefficient >1.1). Detailed molecular as well as isotope geochemistry of hydrocarbons reveal that crude oil and natural gas in the Baikouquan oil play were derived predominantly from the alkaline lacustrine source rock of the lower Permian Fengcheng Formation. Dolomitic source rock is the main contributor to the crude oil and was deposited under anoxic, saline to hypersaline conditions. The analysis of spatial difference of oil maturity in combination with stratigraphic burial-thermal evolution indicates multiple charging events and vertical migration as the dominant process for oil charging in the Baikouquan play. As such, this giant Baikouquan oil play is interpreted to differ from classic continuous petroleum accumulation because of long-distance (1500-2500 m) vertical hydrocarbon migration from deeper Permian sources and is thus referred to as a somewhat atypical continuous oil play in this study. A strike-slip fault network provides migration pathways for the vertical oil charging, and a fan-delta-front conglomerate facies provides high-quality reservoir rocks. The discovery of the Baikouquan oil play exemplifies the successful exploration of a large-area continuous oil accumulation at a long distance (kilometers) from the pod of active source rock, and highlights new exploration opportunities worldwide within continuous oil accumulations, where the slope and central zones of a sag might represent viable petroleum reservoir rock despite their distance from a mature source rock.

近年来,在"提质增效,高效勘探"的总体战略背景下,地震勘探的评价优化引起了人们广泛关注.准噶尔盆地地震勘探资料的处理和解释工作中,通过实施面向目标的一体化工作流程,提出了"三单一策"的研究方法及评价体系,并在实际应用中取得了显著效果.但该评价体系没有包含地震资料的采集工作,并且主要采用的是一些定性描述方法.为此,通过构建以地震资料有效频宽为核心评价指标,提出了地震采集的相应指标体系,从而将地震采集方案评估及优化纳入到地震勘探的评价优化中,提出了"三单一策2.0",构建了一种地震勘探评价优化体系,并在多个勘探项目中实施,取得了显著的效果.所提出的方法思路,可为类似地区地震勘探的评价优化提供一定借鉴.

The Permian Fengcheng Formation is a set of complex sedimentary strata in the Mahu Sag, northwestern Junggar Basin, where various types of carbonate minerals occur. Coarse crystalline calcite assemblages and other carbonate minerals, such as dolomite, shortite and sodium carbonates, are also common in the Fengcheng Formation. Their dissolution by meteoric freshwater leaching at tectonic high positions, which was controlled by an unconformity, developed uncommonly high-quality secondary porosity and contributed to unconventional oil and gas exploration. Based on core analyses, thin section studies under optical and cathodoluminescence (CL) microscopes, geological interpretations of seismic profiles, and carbon and oxygen isotope composition analyses from coarse crystalline calcite assemblages and comparisons to other carbonate minerals, this study focuses on the origin of coarse crystalline calcite assemblages and the mechanism of unconformity-related dissolution to form hydrocarbon reservoir spaces. Coarse crystalline calcite assemblages are the products of multiple stages of recrystallization of other carbonate minerals in nearby host rocks. Hydrolysis of feldspar and volcanic sediments provided additional Ca2+ for calcite precipitation. The dissolution and reprecipitation of carbonate minerals were associated with organic maturation and hydrocarbon expulsion and migration. The crystallization process was slow, which allowed the crystal assemblages to grow to large sizes. Organic carbon was involved in the formation of the coarse crystalline calcite assemblages, which resulted in much more negative carbon isotope compositions than those of other carbonate minerals via diluting the carbon isotope compositions of preexisting carbonate minerals. Later tectonic uplift caused a regional unconformity and formed dissolution reservoirs in tectonically high positions. Furthermore, faults and fractures provided paths for the solutes to transfer to lower positions and reprecipitate when they became saturated.

准噶尔盆地南缘(简称准南)是该盆地油气勘探的战略接替区,高探1井下组合的战略突破,进一步证实了准南下组合油气勘探前景广阔.通过分段构造建模、分带落实下组合构造与圈闭特征,结合关键成藏要素匹配关系研究,深化了下组合大构造成藏条件认识.研究认为,①准南中—下侏罗统为主力烃源岩,资源潜力大;发育白垩系清水河组、侏罗系头屯河组和喀拉扎组等多套规模有效储层;白垩系吐谷鲁群区域性巨厚泥岩盖层普遍发育异常高压,具备良好的封盖能力.②准南下组合烃源岩、储层、盖层、圈闭静态成藏要素空间配置关系好;动态成藏要素时间配置关系好,圈闭形成早,构造形成期与主力烃源岩生排烃高峰期匹配,后期改造弱、保存条件好,具备形成大油气田的成藏条件.综合关键成藏要素分析,优选下组合近源背斜型圈闭吐谷鲁背斜、呼图壁背斜及东湾背斜作为准南天然气勘探的突破口.

Large quantities of high-pressure oil pools have been discovered in the glutenite reservoirs with low porosity and low permeability in the Lower Triassic Baikouquan Formation of Mahu sag, Junggar Basin. Overpressure has a close relationship with the generation of high-production oil pools in the Baikouquan Formation. In areas with abnormally high overpressure, the daily oil and gas production of single wells is high. Geological and geophysical analysis, and two-dimensional (2D) basin models have been used to explain the mechanisms of overpressure in the Baikouquan Formation and to establish a hydrocarbon accumulation model of high pressure and high production oil pools. Based on the hydrocarbon accumulation model, the main controlling factors of high pressure and high production oil pools generation have been summarized, and the favorable accumulation zones have been predicted. The results show that the chief reasons for overpressure are disequilibrium compaction and the pressure conducted through faults. In the hydrocarbon accumulation model of high pressure and high production oil pools, the overpressure compels faults that connect source rocks with reservoirs to open and become the valid conducive systems, and the oil-bearing overpressure fluid charges into the Baikouquan Formation along faults and forms high pressure oil pools in the frontier facies glutenite reservoirs near the faults. The main controlling factors of oil accumulation are the paleo-overpressure of Fengcheng Formation source rock during the main hydrocarbon migration stage (the Early Cretaceous, before 146 Ma), the faults on the ancient nose-like belts of structural uplifts and the fan-delta frontier facies glutenite reservoirs in the Baikouquan Formation. According to the accumulation model, the fan-delta frontier facies glutenite reservoirs of the Baikouquan Formation can be divided into three sections based on the favorability of oil accumulation I, II and III, from good to bad.

Crude oil in unconventional shale systems, present as tight oil and shale oil, accumulates inside an oil kitchen in formations with coexistent sources and reservoirs. Organic matter present in oil shale is not yet mature and requires heating to convert it into crude oil. Oil exploration in shale systems involves the exploration of shale oil retained in source rocks and tight oil rich zones located near source rocks. Tight oil is a type of realistic unconventional oil resources in China. The marked increase in potential shale oil reserves, and exploration of these reserves, will result in a shale oil revolution similar to that experienced for shale gas. Based on a systematic comparison of geologic features of shale systems in the US and China, the geologic significance of the sweet spots in shale systems is proposed. This zone contains an abundance of unconventional oil in shale systems that can be explored and developed under current economic and technical conditions. The sweet spot zone refers to the zone in the tight oil rich zone which has industrial value within the scope of matured high-quality source rocks on the plane. The sweet spot interval refers to the high-productivity interval of tight oil which has industrial value through artificial stimulation. The main aim of oil exploration in shale formations is to identify the sweet spots. The distribution of the economic sweet spots in shale systems is evaluated by overlapping the geologic, engineering and economic sweet spots. Resource assessment techniques, the identification of logging data properties, high-resolution 3D seismic surveys, horizontal well production from well pads, and artificial reservoir development of sweet spots in oil-bearing shale formations can assist efficient development of oil. Globally, shale formations contain a significant volume of oil reserves. Currently, stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) techniques in horizontal wells in marine shale gas formations in the United States have average peak-productivity cycles of 10-15 years. To achieve commecial oil production in lacustrine shale systems in China, it is important to utilize large formation thicknesses and the high abundance of organic matter. In addition, the development of practical and economic techniques will result in an increase of productivity of tight oil and shale oil by 30-50 million tons, as well as the economic development of oil in lacustrine shale systems in China.

The Mahu sag in the northwestern margin of the Junggar Basin,NW China,is a well-known petroliferous sag globally.Recent exploration results indicate the oil-bearing characteristic in this area.Therefore,in order to summarize the geological theory and exploration methods in superimposed basin,this study performed detailed oil-forming condition and preferential areas for this hydrocarbon province.The results show that the formation of the giant oil and gas field in the Mahu sag was based on the three preferential conditions:,high-quality alkaline lacustrine source rocks formed under foreland settings,welldeveloped multiple types of migration pathways,and three types of effective reservoirs and reservoir-cap rock assemblages.As a consequence,large amounts of oil and gas migrated along multiple types of pathways and are accumulated in the three types of reservoirs and favorable traps under the effective sealing of three sets of caprock sequences.Oil and gas at the condition of sufficient hydrocarbon migrates along the transport system,are effectively covered by three regional caprocks,and finally form three kinds of reservoirs in the favorable traps.Therefore,the enrichment rule of oil and gas can be summarized as source-migration controlling the primary hydrocarbon accumulation and reservoir-caprock controlling the hydrocarbon pool formation.Accordingly,three hydrocarbon accumulation fields formed from top to bottom are stratigraphic oil (gas) plays in the lower Triassic Baikouquan Formation,tight oils in the lower Permian Fengcheng Formation,and structural oil and gas plays in the Carboniferous to lower Permian.The exploration breakthrough in the Mahu giant oil (gas) province was initiated by theoretical innovations,which will have huge exploration potential and fundamental scientific significance.

The Lower Permian Lucaogou Formation in the Jimsar sag, Junggar Basin is a typical tight-oil reservoir in China. For effective exploration and production, the formation of a high-quality reservoir must be thoroughly studied. In this work, the tight-oil reservoir was examined using a variety of methods, including core and thin-section observations, XRD, SEM, CL and fluid inclusion and isotope testing. The tight-oil reservoirs were primarily deposited in saline lake environments, which are dominated by variable admixture of dolomite, quartz, feldspar, tuff, calcite and pyrite. Nine main lithofacies were identified:（1） siliceous mudstone,（2） dolomitic siliceous mudstone,（3） dolomitic mudstone,（4） intraclast packstone/grainstone,（5） ooid grainstone,（6） bioclast grainstone,（7） dolomitic siltstone,（8） mixed siliclastic and intraclast grainstone and（9） brecciated dolomitic mudstone. The pore types are classified into four categories: primary intergranular, moldic, intercrystalline and fracture pores. The properties of tight-oil reservoirs are quite poor, with low porosity（ave. 7.85%） and permeability（ave. 0.110 mD） and a small pore-throat radius（ave. 0.086 μm）. The tight-oil reservoirs are dominated by the aggradation of a repetitive meter-scale sedimentary facies succession that records distinct lacustrine expansions and contractions. These tight carbonates have also undergone significant diagenetic alterations, such as dolomitization, dissolution, neomorphism and fracture created intercrystalline and moldic pores, vug and fractures; chemical and mechanical compaction and carbonate cementation have decreased the reservoir quality. Variations in reservoir quality in the Jimusar sag are due to a combination of lithofacies type, high-frequency cyclic depositional architecture, dissolution intensity, dolomitization and tectonic related deformation. This integrated study has helped in understanding the reservoir heterogeneity and hydrocarbon potential of the Jimusar fine-grained rocks.

低渗砂砾岩油气藏是准噶尔盆地油气勘探的主要领域,目前玛湖凹陷西斜坡已发现并落实5个下三叠统百口泉组油藏.综合分析认为,玛湖凹陷西斜坡具备油气成藏的4大有利条件:二叠系多套高质量烃源岩持续供烃;低渗背景下发育储集层“甜点区”;深大断裂与不整合面构成高效输导体系;区域性盖层发育.玛湖凹陷西斜坡百口泉组发育扇三角洲前缘有利相带,储集层物性较好,存在多期烃类充注,晚期高成熟油气保存条件较好,油质较轻并含气是油气富集的主要原因.

The shale oil and gas resources are becoming one of the most important oil and gas exploration targets in China.The Junggar Basin is a classical example of the overlapped basins that developed in northwest China.The Jurassic source rock that developed in its main hydrocarbon generating depression is studied and compared with the typical Barnett shale that developed in the Fort Worth Basin,North America,to show its shale gas exploration potentials.All of them are comparable with the Barnett shale in the following four aspects:①The scale of source rocks is slightly larger.Three sets of source rocks were recognized in Fukang Sag,namely,the Badaowan Formation of the lower Jurassic (J1 b ),the Sangonghe Formation of the lower Jurassic,and the Xishanyao Formation of the middle Jurassic.The total thickness is >950 m,which is greater than that of the Barnett shale.② All of them are characterized by humic prone organic type that falls within type Ⅱ2 and type Ⅲsource rocks.③ The abundance of organic matter measured in TOC falls within 1 .2 %~2.5 %.The lower limit is a little bit lower than that of the Barnate shale,but the abundant coal beds (thickness >20 m for a single bed) seems to compensate for that.④ The maturity falls within the window of gas generating with the Ro =1 .6 %. Based on the above geologic evidences,the total residual hydrocarbon in the source rock is estimated to be 87 .46 billion tons,indicating a great shale gas exploration potential in the Junggar Basin.

碱湖优质烃源岩是陆(湖)相优质烃源岩的一种重要类型,迄今发现的典型实例主要分布于古近系始新统,准噶尔盆地下二叠统风城组可能是这类烃源岩的最古老实例,典型证据包括3方面:沉积学方面的成碱演化序列完整,岩石矿物学方面的碱性矿物与丰富的微生物和黄铁矿,地球化学方面的生物标志化合物.在生烃特征上,风城组具有典型碱湖优质烃源岩的特征,表现为有机质丰度高、类型好、生烃能力强,丰富藻类有机质和微生物的存在使得烃源岩长期生烃,所生油气优质,成熟—高熟轻质油气连续充注,这是研究区玛湖百里大油(气)区得以形成的根本资源基础.这一古老碱湖优质烃源岩的发现具有潜在重要科学与勘探意义.

准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷深层(＞5000 m)是我国深层油气勘探当前的一个热点风险领域.为给区域下步油气勘探提供参考,通过对区内烃源岩和油气进行系统的地质地球化学正演、反演对比综合研究,重点分析了油气流体相态.结果表明,研究区深层稳定发育石炭系—二叠系四套烃源岩,有机质丰度高,普遍达到中等—好质量,类型多种多样,既可生油亦可生气,加之所有烃源岩均已基本进入高—过成熟演化,因此深层油气流体相态总体应高熟轻质,可能包括高熟轻质油、干酪根裂解气、油裂解气等.原油地球化学研究表明,原油随埋藏深度增加、层位变老,油质有逐渐变轻的趋势,成熟度有逐渐增大的趋势,保存条件亦逐渐变好,因此预测深层原油油质更轻、成熟度更高、保存条件更好.天然气地球化学研究表明,中浅层天然气可能属于混合来源,包括干酪根裂解气和油裂解气,规模性的高过成熟天然气可能在深层.因此,研究区深层油气资源丰富,相态轻质,成藏有利,值得勘探.这些认识还可供具有相似油气地质背景地区在研究和勘探时类比参考.

Brittleness of rocks is one of the key parameters of lithomechanics which should be considered in exploration and development of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs. When the rock is brittle, fracture networks tend to form in the operation of fracturing, then the reservoir properties are effectively improved, and the single-well production get the raise. For the current technologies of evaluating the brittleness of rocks based on the seismic prestack inversion, the methods of normalized Young's modulus and Poisson ratio are widely used, but the results are greatly influenced by the normalized parameter. In the paper, the quotient of Young's modulus and Poisson ratio (EPR) is used as the evaluation index of brittleness with the scale of lithomechanics experiment, and the creditability of brittleness discrimination is significantly increased. Meanwhile, the brittleness prediction of rocks in Permian Lucaogou Formation of Jimusar Area is conducted by using inversion of the seismic prestack elastic parameters. Volumetric fracturing in horizontal wells is carried out in the favorable areas with predicted better brittleness, and the microseismic detection result shows that the formation of fracture networks are generated by fracturing. In general, good results have been achieved in reservoir reformation.