为明确攀枝花市成龄芒果园土壤养分状况,科学指导施肥,本研究对43个芒果园土壤(0～40 cm)进行采样,测定分析了土壤pH、有机质、速效养分和微量养分的含量.结果表明:研究区内13种肥力指标变异系数在0.13～0.75之间,均属于中等变异强度.经取样数合理性统计分析,评价芒果园土壤肥力的43个样本数能够满足90％置信水平下20％相对误差的精度需求.采用主成分分析法和隶属度函数法结合雷达图评价单因素肥力指标在土壤中的状况,结果表明,pH、碱解氮、速效磷、有效铁和有效锌是影响土壤肥力水平的限制性因子.研究区土壤肥力综合指数(IFI)范围为0.25～0.93,平均值为0.55,果园之间IFI的差异较大.

Despite abundant published research on the volatile characterization of mango germplasm, the aroma differentiation of Chinese cultivars remains unclear. Using headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), the composition and relative content of volatiles in 37 cultivars representing the diversity of Chinese mango germplasm were investigated. Results indicated that there are distinct differences in the components and content of volatile compounds among and within cultivars. In total, 114 volatile compounds, including 23 monoterpenes, 16 sesquiterpenes, 29 non-terpene hydrocarbons, 25 esters, 11 aldehydes, five alcohols and five ketones, were identified. The total volatile content among cultivars ranged from 211 to 26,022 μg/kg fresh weight (FW), with 123-fold variation. Terpene compounds were the basic background volatiles, and 34 cultivars exhibited abundant monoterpenes. On the basis of hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA), terpinolene and α-pinene were important components constituting the aroma of Chinese mango cultivars. Most obviously, a number of mango cultivars with high content of various aroma components were observed, and they can serve as potential germplasms for both breeding and direct use.

以53个杧果品种的套袋果实为试材,测定其10个矿质元素含量,运用因子分析和聚类分析等统计方法对矿质元素含量特征进行分析。结果表明,不同品种果实中矿质元素含量存在显著差异,10种元素平均含量依次为:K＞P＞Mg＞Ca＞Na＞Mn＞Fe＞Zn＞Cu＞B,变异系数在16.79%（P）~52.28%（Mn）之间;各矿质元素含量均服从正态分布;Mg与Mn、Zn、Cu、P、K、B之间,Zn、Cu、K两两之间,P与K之间均呈显著正相关;K、P、Ca、Mn和B是杧果果实的特征矿质元素;53个品种可以分为4类:（1）高K、P、Mg、Zn和Cu含量的品种11个,（2）高Na和Fe含量的品种18个,（3）低Mg、Zn和K含量的品种8个,（4）低Ca、B和Mn含量的品种16个。

Aroma is important in assessing the quality of fresh fruit and their processed products, and could provide good indicators for the development of local cultivars in the mango industry. In this study, the volatile diversity of 25 mango cultivars from China, America, Thailand, India, Cuba, Indonesia, and the Philippines was investigated. The volatile compositions, their relative contents, and the intervarietal differences were detected with headspace solid phase microextraction tandem gas chromatography-mass spectrometer methods. The similarities were also evaluated with a cluster analysis and correlation analysis of the volatiles. The differences in mango volatiles in different districts are also discussed. Our results show significant differences in the volatile compositions and their relative contents among the individual cultivars and regions. In total, 127 volatiles were found in all the cultivars, belonging to various chemical classes. The highest and lowest qualitative abundances of volatiles were detected in 'Zihua' and 'Mallika' cultivars, respectively. Based on the cumulative occurrence of members of the classes of volatiles, the cultivars were grouped into monoterpenes (16 cultivars), proportion and balanced (eight cultivars), and nonterpene groups (one cultivars). Terpene hydrocarbons were the major volatiles in these cultivars, with terpinolene, 3-carene, caryophyllene and α-Pinene the dominant components depending on the cultivars. Monoterpenes, some of the primary volatile components, were the most abundant aroma compounds, whereas aldehydes were the least abundant in the mango pulp. β-Myrcene, a major terpene, accounted for 58.93% of the total flavor volatile compounds in 'Xiaofei' (Philippens). γ-Octanoic lactone was the only ester in the total flavor volatile compounds, with its highest concentration in 'Guiya' (China). Hexamethyl cyclotrisiloxane was the most abundant volatile compound in 'Magovar' (India), accounting for 46.66% of the total flavor volatiles. A typical aldehydic aroma 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-sec-butylphenol, was detected in 'Gleck'. A highly significant positive correlation was detected between Alc and K, Alk and Nt, O and L. Cultivars originating from America, Thailand, Cuba, India, Indonesia and the Philippines were more similar to each other than to those from China. This study provides a high-value dataset for use in development of health care products, diversified mango breeding, and local extension of mango cultivars.

为探明杧果种质资源的香气特点,以28份杧果品种资源成熟果实为试材,采用项空固相微萃取技术和气相色谱质谱联用仪测定了果实香气的组成和相对含量.结果表明,不同杧果品种果实香气组成和含量均存在很大差异,从28个品种中分离出63种香气成分;根据不同类别香气成分的积累量,杧果品种资源可以分为萜烯类、酯类和醛类;24个品种香气成分以单萜烯类和倍半萜烯类为主,3-蒈烯、萜品油烯和α-荜澄茄油烯是含量最高的萜烯类成分;‘Lippens’、‘桂香杧’和‘鹦鹉杧’果肉中积累量最高的香气物质均为酯类,丁酸丁酯、丁酸异戊酯和异戊酸乙酯分别是这3个品种主要的香气成分;‘丰顺无核’果肉中香气成分含量最高的是6-溴吲哚-3-甲醛,相对含量为33.64％.

为研究果肉色泽存在明显差异的芒果果实品质特征,分析了4个浅黄色果肉品种(低类胡萝卜素含量)和4个深黄色果肉品种(高类胡萝卜素含量)的果肉类胡萝卜素、香气、糖和酸含量及组成特征.结果表明:不同品种间类胡萝卜素组分大致相同,其中β-胡萝卜素是各品种中含量最丰富的类胡萝卜素,约占总类胡萝卜素的33％～79％.高类胡萝卜素含量的品种糖含量高、酸含量低,果实香气物质均以单萜烯类为主;低类胡萝卜素含量的品种糖含量较低、酸含量较高,其中‘鹦鹉芒’和‘丰顺无核’果实香气物质分别以酯类和醛类为主,而‘大白玉’和‘白象牙’香气物质以单萜烯类为主.

This research is to provide theoretical guidance for the widely used in the production of mango rain cover cultivation. The experimental materials, Mangifera indica L. 'Renong 1', were put under two different cultivation conditions: rain shelter and open field. The results showed that the bisexual flower rate under rain shelter was 35.9% , significantly higher than the control, and cold injury rate was 42.7%, decreased by 24.6%. The size and single fruit weight decreased slightly under rain shelter and the growth was not affected, meanwhile both the final fruitset and internal quality were not affected negatively. In comparison with open field, the mean yield of mango in rain cover increased by 75.7%, and the fruit decay and disease index of mango fruit after harvest were significantly reduced. These data suggest that the rain cover cultivation have higher values of application and popularization in coastal rainy region of South China.

[目的]探讨避雨栽培对芒果开花结果期生态因子及光合作用的影响,为我国南方多雨地区芒果高产、优质栽培提供参考依据.[方法]以避雨和露地栽培的3年生热农1号芒果为试材,采用温湿度记录仪测定其花期的温度和湿度日变化,利用光合测定系统测定其花期、果实生长期叶片的净光合速率(Pn)及其他主要生态因子的日变化,应用灰色系统理论分析芒果避雨栽培条件下不同生育阶段的净光合速率与其他主要生态因子的关联度.[结果]避雨栽培条件下,芒果花期冠层日均温度较露地高0.2～1.3 c℃,日均相对湿度较露地低1.7％～12.0％;花期和果实生长期的Pn与露地差别不明显;花期避雨棚内、外的光合有效辐射(PAR)和水汽压亏缺(Vp)与Pn关系最密切;果实生长期避雨棚内对Pn影响最大的是PAR和蒸腾速率(E),露地则是叶温(Tl)和气温(Ta).[结论]避雨栽培可有效提高芒果花期冠层日均温度和降低相对湿度,对芒果光合作用无负面影响,我国南方多雨芒果产区可利用避雨设施进行芒果高产、优质栽培.

[目的]了解杧果MiLCYB2基因的表达调控规律.[方法]应用染色体步移方法克隆了991bp的MiLCYB2基因启动子序列.[结果]用在线软件PlantCARE分析表明,该序列除含有启动子基本元件,如TATA-BOX、CAAT-BOX外,还含有ABA、GA、Auxin、SA、MeJA多种植物激素响应元件,以及参与生理周期调控、MYBHv1结合位点和光响应元件等一些其他的调控序列,推测MiLCYB2基因的表达受多种植物激素、光照、生理周期、MYBHv1转录因子等的调控.[结论]杧果MiLCYB2基因启动子的分离与序列分析为进一步探究杧果类胡萝卜素基因的调控机制提供了新的理论基础.

对保存于中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所芒果种质圃的33份种质,采用方差分析、相关性分析和主成分分析方法,研究了芒果果实13个品质性状(可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、类胡萝卜素、果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、总糖、总酚、抗氧化能力、钾、钙、镁、铁)的多样性.结果表明,芒果果实品质性状变异非常丰富,变异系数在16.05％ ～70.24％之间,变异幅度以铁含量最小、蔗糖含量最大.一些果实品质性状之间存在显著或极显著的相关性,但多数品质性状具有相对独立性.主成分分析表明,13个品质性状可综合为6个主成分,累积贡献率达86.63％.其中,葡萄糖、果糖、总酚、DPPH、钙、铁、钾、镁8个性状是果实内在品质的主要性状.

In order to analyze the correlations between leaf stable carbon isotope composition (δ13C) and the physiological parameters. A total of 64 mango cultivars were used to measure the leaf stable carbon isotope composition (δ13C) and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, water, chlorophyll and proline contents. The correlations was not significant between δ13C values and leaf water content, chlorophyll and proline contents, and δ13C values were positively correlated with the contents of leaf nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (P<0.05). Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that leaf nitrogen content was key determinants of differences inδ13C.

Here we used Illumina RNA-seq technology for transcriptome sequencing of a mixed fruit sample from 'Zill' mango (Mangifera indica Linn) fruit pericarp and pulp during the development and ripening stages. RNA-seq generated 68,419,722 sequence reads that were assembled into 54,207 transcripts with a mean length of 858 bp, including 26,413 clusters and 27,794 singletons. A total of 42,515(78.43%) transcripts were annotated using public protein databases, with a cut-off E-value above 10(-5), of which 35,198 and 14,619 transcripts were assigned to gene ontology terms and clusters of orthologous groups respectively. Functional annotation against the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database identified 23,741(43.79%) transcripts which were mapped to 128 pathways. These pathways revealed many previously unknown transcripts. We also applied mass spectrometry-based transcriptome data to characterize the proteome of ripe fruit. LC-MS/MS analysis of the mango fruit proteome was using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in an LTQ Orbitrap Velos (Thermo) coupled online to the HPLC. This approach enabled the identification of 7536 peptides that matched 2754 proteins. Our study provides a comprehensive sequence for a systemic view of transcriptome during mango fruit development and the most comprehensive fruit proteome to date, which are useful for further genomics research and proteomic studies.Biological significanceOur study provides a comprehensive sequence for a systemic view of both the transcriptome and proteome of mango fruit, and a valuable reference for further research on gene expression and protein identification.This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Proteomics of non-model organisms. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Five mango cultivars grown in Southwest China were characterized in relation to contents of minerals, ascorbic acid, total polyphenols and antioxidant capacity of pulps and peels. In general, the peels had significantly higher contents of all compounds than the pulps. The Zill peel presented the highest antioxidant capacity. Phenolics were major contributors to the total antioxidant capacity in mango fruit.

【Objective】The study was carried out to investigate the mango efficient cultivation model in coastal humid region of South China.【Method】Effects of rain shelter during early fruit development period and rain shelter during whole period on quality,disease and storability of ‘Zillate’ mango fruit were investigated respectively.【Result】Results showed that two treatments enhanced fruit set percentage.Rain shelter during the whole period not only slightly increased the total soluble sugar content of fruit,but also significantly reduced the titratable acidity and increased vitamin C content.The fruit internal quality and storability under rain shelter during the whole period were higher than that under rain shelter during early period and the control.Two treatments significantly decreased fruit disease index and infected percentage during the fruit development,especially with rain shelter during the whole period.【Conclusion】Rain shelter during the whole period could decrease fruit disease,and improve the quality and storability of mango fruit.

Changes of the aroma components of mango fruits at different post-harvest stages were studied.The aroma components from postharvest'Jilu' mango fruits at three ripening stages were collected using head-space solid phase microextraction(HS-SPME),and analyzed by gas chromatograph-mass spectrophotometer(GC-MS).The results showed that a total of 36 compounds were identified from the sample extracts.Monoterpene and sesquiterpene were the major constituents.At 3,6 or 9 days after postharvest(DAP),monoterpene relative content was 89.47%,88.48% and 92.71%,and sesquiterpene relative content was 3.44%,5.86% and 4.63%,respectively.1R-α-pinene was the characteristic aroma components of 'Jilu' mango fruit,and its relative content was 79.74% at 9 DAP.

'Renong 2' is a mutant selected from natural seedlings of 'American Hongmang' with higher anthracnose resistance.It is a medium-season mango variety with good quality and high yield.The fruit shape is oval,with an average fruit mass of 228.3 g.The flesh is yellow in color and tastes delicate.The total soluble solids,titratable acidity,ascorbic acid and edible rate were 15.9%,0.36%,354 mg·kg-1 and 65.4%,respectively.

<正>1选育过程‘热农2号’杧果是中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所于1997年从美国红杧果实生后代群体中选育的优良株系,经多年初级系比观察,发现该品系长势壮旺,成花容易,花期相对较晚,坐果率高,食用风味品质优于当家品种‘紫花杧’,抗炭

The differences of leaf carbon isotope composition(δ 13 C) and special leaf area(SLA) of 64 mango varieties were studied.The results demonstrated that significant differences were found in δ 13 C and SLA.Leaf δ 13 C ranges from-29.31‰ ～-26.50‰,with a mean value of-27.90‰.Guire 82 had the highest leaf δ 13 C,whereas Yuexi No.1 had the lowest leaf δ 13 C.SLA ranged from 57.16～132.61 cm 2 /g,with a mean of 97.67 cm 2 /g.However,δ 13 C was not correlated with SLA.

The fruits of 36 mango germplasm were used as materials to study the sugar content(Fructose,glucose and sucrose)of mango pulp by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC)technology.The results showed that there were significant differences among the total content of different mango germplasm,ranged from 16.04%(Dashehari)to 3.49%(M.Sylvalica).There were also obvious differences on proportion of fructose,glucose and sucrose among different mango germplasm.They could be classed into 3 types based on their sugar composition:(1)Sucrose prevalent type,including'Haibao','Lippens','Chun Hwang',and so on.(2)Monosacccharide prevalent type,including KRS,'M.Sylvalica'and 20001.(3)Intermediate type,including'Guixiang','Yellow Ivovy','Sri LanKa811','Thailand 504','Rumang','Zihua'.According to the sugar content of mango fruits,with the acid of average cluster analysis,36 mango germplasm were divided into 5 groups.The first group included 12 cultivars such as'R2E2','Haibao','Bambaroo','Chun Hwang','Keitt','Thailand 504','KRS',et al..The second class included 21 cultivars such as'Ono','Red Ivory','Lippens','Tainong No.1','Mallika'et al..'Dashehari',20001,and'M.Sylvalica'belonged to the other groups,respectively.