为了深入分析和探讨昆虫发育与环境温度的关系, 在恒温(15~37℃)和交替变温(12/18~34/40℃)下测定了棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera蛹的发育历期(d),分别用线性模型和非线性模型(Logan模型﹑Lactin模型和王氏模型)拟合其发育率(1/d)数据.结果表明,这3个非线性模型能更准确地描述发育率与温度之间的曲线关系,判定系数(R2)在0.9878～0.9991之间.对全部观测数据的进一步研究表明,只要有6个分布合适的观测数据,就可以用这些非线性模型获得相当满意的估测效果.如果缺乏高温下的测定数据,用非线性模型预测的昆虫发育率可能失真.分析了蛹在恒温和变温下发育率差异的可能原因,讨论了应用这3个非线性模型预测蛹期发育的优点和缺点,指出用非线性模型取代线性日·度模型进行害虫发生预测和益虫饲养管理的合理性和必要性.

Summer diapause in the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), which prolongs the pupal stage, particularly in males, is induced by high temperatures. In the laboratory, summer-diapausing pupae of H. armigera were induced at high temperatures (33–39°C) with a photoperiod of LD8:16; winter-diapausing and non-diapausing pupae, cultured at 20°C with a photoperiod of LD8:16 and at 27°C, LD16:8, respectively, acted as a control. Retention time of eye spots, weight, and lipid and glycogen levels were compared. At high temperatures, both body weight and energy storage capacity were much higher in summer-diapausing pupae than in non-diapausing pupae reared at 33–39°C. At temperatures (>33°C) high enough to maintain summer diapause, the eye spots of summer-diapausing pupae did not move during the 30-day experiment. However, eye spots of summer-diapausing pupae placed at 30°C began to move about 10 days after they were transferred, significantly later than in non-diapausing pupae reared at 33–39°C or non-diapausing pupae reared at 27°C, which initiated eye spot movement 2 days after pupation. The differences in retention time of eye spots between summer- and winter-diapausing pupae shows that winter diapause is more intense than summer diapause in this insect. The weight loss, and lipid and glycogen metabolism curves indicate that the summer-diapausing pupae's metabolism is very low. We conclude that summer diapause in the cotton bollworm is a true diapause and that the summer diapause enables the cotton bollworm to withstand the high temperatures of summer.

长期以来,国内有关文献一直将番茄列为烟青虫Helicoverpa assulta的寄主植物,但田间调查结果往往与此矛盾,本研究的目的是阐明番茄是否为烟青虫的寄主植物.室内试验表明,虽然烟青虫成虫在盆栽番茄植株上产卵较多,但无论是用番茄离体嫩叶还是用盆栽植株饲养,初孵幼虫绝大部分在1龄死亡,平均存活时间很短,不会对番茄造成有经济意义的危害;即使用番茄青果饲养的3龄幼虫也不能活到6龄.根据人工饲料饲养结果估测,番茄苷对初孵幼虫的致死中浓度LC50为0.0744%,叶和青果中报道的番茄苷含量已接近或超过此水平,这是幼虫不能存活的主要原因之一.田间调查也表明,烟青虫并不危害番茄.因此,番茄不是烟青虫的寄主植物.文献中的记载很可能是将棉铃虫误判为烟青虫.

Three indices often appeared in the literature, species richness, Simpson's index, and Shannon-Wiener index for estimation of insect diversity is introduced. The correct expressions of Shannon-Wiener index and evenness with the English code is also briefly discussed.

昆虫的功能反应是指每头捕食者在一定时间内的捕食量对猎物密度变化的反应.该文介绍描述这种功能反应的圆盘方程(Ⅱ型)的由来及其参数的估测方法,简要讨论了影响昆虫功能反应测定的主要因素.

在预蛹期,高温处理能诱导棉铃虫蛹进入夏滞育.本实验着重就33～39℃的变温下滞育蛹和未滞育蛹的失重动态进行了对比研究,同时以常温(27℃)下蛹作为参照.研究发现:在33～39℃的变温条件下,棉铃虫化蛹率显著低于其在常温下的化蛹率,且所化蛹中有63.2%的雄性和10.9%的雌性进入高温夏滞育,其中高温滞育蛹和未滞育蛹分别都轻于正常发育蛹.化蛹后第2日至第5日期间,高温滞育蛹失重量显著低于高温未滞育蛹和正常发育蛹的失重量,分别为3.62、13.30和5.49mg;蛹期总失重量结果与化蛹后第2～5日间蛹失重量趋势一致,高温滞育蛹、未滞育蛹和正常发育蛹失重量分别为15.60、49.35和26.30 mg.蛹失重动态研究发现高温滞育蛹在夏滞育期间其失重曲线平缓,显著低于高温未滞育蛹和正常发育蛹;高温滞育蛹滞育解除后,其失重曲线与正常发育蛹的失重趋势基本一致.结果表明,棉铃虫夏滞育蛹能通过维持低的代谢水平来度过不利环境,具有一定的生态适应意义.

Energy dynamics of a natural population of the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, was investigated using a combination of field surveys and a laboratory energy budget experiment. The ingestion and production of the population (during generations 2nd–4th) were 29.59 kJ/m2 and 2.69 kJ/m2, respectively. The assimilation efficiency ranged from 64.67 to 75.72%, and the net ecological efficiency was 9.21–16.21%. Of the fruit production of cotton plants, 0.17% was consumed and 9.80% damaged by the bollworm population over the entire study period. Both percentages were significantly higher in the 2nd generation than those in the 3rd and 4th generations. This work provides strong evidence that H. armigera is a major pest in a cotton agroecosystem in North China, and the second generation was the key damage-causing generation.

归纳了与昆虫学有关的科学期刊英文刊名的缩写规则,列举了刊名中常见单词的缩写方法和常见刊名的缩写形式,讨论了在缩写刊名时可能出现的问题.

几十年来对昆虫夏滞育的研究不断深入,阐明了不少昆虫夏滞育的生态机理.目前,探讨其内在的机制已成为研究的方向.该文着重论述夏滞育的生理生化特征、夏滞育的调控及其遗传基础.

This paper deals with origin of the terms describing suspension of insect development,meanings of those widely used at present in the literature and the relationship among them.

夏滞育作为昆虫越夏的生态策略 ,已广泛引起昆虫学家的重视。本文就几十年来夏滞育研究的进展进行综述。着重讨论诱导、维持、终止夏滞育的主要环境因子 ,夏滞育的生态特征和它的生态适应意义。

报道了棉花、烟草、番茄和辣椒4种植物对棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera生长发育和繁殖的影响。棉铃虫成虫喜欢在番茄上产卵，在辣椒上的着卵量最少。初孵幼虫喜选食嫩棉叶，选食辣椒嫩叶的虫数最少。4组幼虫取食嫩叶时的平均相对生长速率都有显著差异，顺序为棉叶组＞烟叶组＞番茄叶组＞辣椒叶组。幼虫存活率以取食棉花时最高，取食番茄时最低。棉花组成虫的产卵量最高，烟草组的产卵量最低。取食棉花的棉铃虫种群增长的速度约为取食番茄时的14倍。6龄幼虫能有效利用和转化棉铃、烟草蒴果、辣椒果实，而对番茄果实的利用和转化效率较低。棉铃虫可分别以这4种植物的不同器官为食完成世代循环。其中，棉花是最适宜的寄主，辣椒和番茄是较不适宜的寄主。

Development，survival and reproduction of the cotton bollworm，Helicoverpa armigera (Htibner)，reared on cotton，tobacco，tomato and hot pepper plants were monitored at(27.0士1.0)℃ with a 14L10 D photoperiod in the laboratory.It was showed in the choice trials that the adults preferred ovipositing on the potted tomato plants while the newly hatched larvae liked staying and feeding on young cotton leaves which supported their growth better than the counterparts of the three other plants.The early sixth-instar larvae could utilize cotton boll and the reproductive organs of tobacco and hot pepper more effectively than tomato fruits .The larval survival rate was up to 83.6% on cotton as compared with only 7.3% on tomato .However，the durations of the larvae on cotton and tomato were almost the same and those on the two other plants significantly prolongated.The female moths from the larvae on cotton had the greatest egg production while fecundity of the moths from those on tobacco was very poor.The population trend index of this species on cotton was around 14 times that on tomato，the poorest food plant.Since H.armigera completed their life cycle when reared on the four food plants，all of them should be its host plants although tomato and hot pepper are less suitable.

Performance and body water dynamics in the pupal stage of the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, were investigated at 25deg C and relative humidities (RH) of 0%, 9%, 22.5%, 80%, 92%, and 100%. The non-diapause pupae failed to emerge at RH≤9% and about 20% of them succeeded in eclosion at 22.5% RH. The high humidities showed little influence on their survival. The diapausing individuals rarely died at all the humidities tested except 0% RH for 30 days, during which the diapause termination percent obviously increased wit decreasing humidity. Significant linear relationship were found between the rate of cumulative water loss in both diapause and non-diapause pupae since one-day-old and their ages in day. The non-diapause pupae that died at each of the low RHs lost more than 32% of their body water on the day before death. The mean water loss in the diapausing specimens at 0% RH for one month averaged 22.4% and those at RH≥90% did not exceed 3.6% in the same period.

Abstract A new and practical artificial diet for the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), containing canned tomato paste has been developed. The developmental duration of larvae fed on the diet was greatly shortened because most of them only went through 5 stadia before pupation. To add certain amount of mung bean flour to partly substitute for wheat germ in the diet was beneficial to the adult reproduction. During rearing period of 12 successive generations, 87. 5%‐98. 7% of the larvae survived and only less than 5 % of the pupae failed to emerge. The number of egg laid by the adults of the 11th generation averaged about 1 000/female, with a hatching rate of 86. 5%. These results suggested that the vitality of the cotton bollworm did not decline obviously after reared with the diet for two years.

Abstract Performances of the aphid, Myzus persicae, were monitored during feeding on leaves of the rape, Brassica chinensis, previously fumigated with SO2 in a range of concentrations between 20 and 160 nl/1 at 25°C. Response of the aphids depended on dose of the air pollutant. Moderate dose of SO2 treatment on the rape greatly enhanced the aphids' performances while high level of the pollutant heavily suppressed their growth and reproduction. They performed best at about 80 nl/l SO2, where nymphal mean relative growth rate (MRGR), adult fecundity and intrinsic increase rate(rm) of the population increased by 31.5%, 89.8% and 42. 7% over those of control aphids, respectively. Determination of the plant chemistry suggests that the altered relative content of methionine induced by So, exposure might be responsible for this response of dosage dependence.

A series of experiments using open-top fumigation chambers was carried out to investigate the effect of SO2-polluted rape on performance of the turnip aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach). Proper SO2 concentrations significantly enhances growth and reproduction of the aphid. Nymph MRGR and adult fecundity reached their maxima at 116 nl/L and 80 nl/L of the pollutant, respectively. Potential of the population growth got fully displayed at the latter dose because the highest survival rate of the nymphs also took place at this concentration. It is suggested according to changes in the plant chemistry that this indirect effect of SO2 pollution on the turnip aphid might involve variation in content of individual key free amino acid rather than total amount of all the amino acids in the leaves induced by the air pollutant.

he age-stage-specific life table that incorpolates variable developmental rateamong individuals and male adults is reported for the armyworm, Mythimna sepa-rata (Walker), reared on young corn leaves at 23°c. The method of its constructionis diagramed, according to which, the net reproduction rate of the worm population(R0) was calculated to be 155.88; the intrinsic rate of increase (rm), 0.1120; andthe mean generation time (T), 45.08 days. All values of these parameters are somewhatdifferent from those obtained by means of the traditional age-specific life table,and the cause of such differences is analysed. Advantage of the new life table incomparison to the traditional one is briefly discussed.