Objective To understand the current situation and predict the trends in number and composition of prenatal ultrasound screening staff in Beijing. Methods We analyzed the region,age,professional title and other characteristics of prenatal ultrasound screening personnel in Beijing during 2007-2015.We then built an ARIMA model basing on the current situation to predict the number and composition of the staff in 2016-2020. Results The number of prenatal ultrasound screening staff showed an upward trend in 2007-2020 and was predicted to reach 1269 in 2020.During this period,the educational achievement and professional title of the staff showed a downward trend,and the working years became shorter,mainly below 5 years.The proportion of resident doctors remained at 26.6%,and that of the staff receiving further education would reach 43.2% by the end of 2020. Conclusion The prediction under ARIMA model suggests that efforts should be made to strengthen the training of young doctors and provide them opportunities for further study.

目的 评价北京市运行增补叶酸预防神经管缺陷(neural tube defects,NTDs)工作运行情况及效果.方法 对北京市2010年～ 2017年孕产妇分娩及出生缺陷监测、围孕期妇女领取及服用叶酸情况的有关数据进行相关的分析.结果 北京市户籍孕产妇及非户籍孕产妇中NTDs发生率均呈现持续下降的趋势;非户籍孕产妇中NTDs的发生率明显高于本市户籍人口;不同人群服药依从性不同.结论 北京市增补叶酸预防神经管缺陷工作取得显著成效;应加大对非户籍人口的管理力度及进一步有针对性地开展健康教育,充分起到降低出生缺陷发生的作用.

目的 探讨孕妇年龄对经产孕妇孕产期健康状况的影响,为高龄经产孕妇的孕前及孕期保健加强分娩期管理提供参考意见.方法 对2016年10月-2017年9月“北京市围产保健管理登记卡”资料进行回顾性分析,共纳入具有年龄信息的经产孕产妇113 297例.结果 研究期间北京市孕产妇死亡率为5.68/10万,其中经产妇死亡率为7.94/10万,高龄经产孕产妇死亡率为15.38/10万.在经产孕妇中年龄≥35岁分娩为45 509例,占经产妇分娩总数的40.17％.将年龄具体分组结果显示,在经产孕妇中各级别高危妊娠的发生率均随着年龄段的升高而升高,糖尿病(包括糖尿病合并妊娠与妊娠期糖尿病)、高血压(包括高血压合并妊娠与妊娠期高血压疾病)、胎盘高危因素、瘢痕子宫等妊娠期常见合并症和并发症的发生率逐渐增加,围产儿死亡率也随着产妇年龄增加而增加,差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).结论 高龄增加经产孕产妇各项孕期合并症与并发症的发病率和围产儿死亡率,特别是年龄≥40岁的孕妇并发症发生率更高且严重程度更加严重.应重视经产高龄孕妇孕期管理,针对有生育二孩意愿的孕妇应合理规划两孩怀孕年龄,避免为生育二孩而导致分娩年龄过高,针对年龄≥40岁孕妇更应额外重视围产保健.

Objective To describe the incidence of macrosomia in live births in Beijing in 2013 and to analyze and discuss some influencing factors .Methods Data of all macrosomia were collected from 206 498 newborns who were born in 2013 with birth weight greater or equal to 4 000g.Further study was implemented on the possible influencing factors of macrosomia , such as gender, gestational age, residence, birth place and other factors.Results In 2013, the incidence of macrosomia was 8.19%in Beijing.And the incidence was 10. 11% in male and 6.10%in female, respectively.The incidence of macrosomia between female and male was not significantly different (χ2=1 104.228, P<0.001).Gender, gestational age, birth place and season of birth may be the influencing factors of macrosomia (OR value was 0.538, 1.637, 1.111 and 0.971, respectively, all P<0.05).Conclusion In 2013, the incidence of fetal macrosomia in Beijing is higher than the national average value .It is necessary to adopt effective measures to control the occurrence of macrosomia .

随着信息化的发展,办公自动化逐渐成为趋势.利用办公自动化系统实现无纸化办公模式,优化办公流程,用于保健院的公文管理、业务申请管理、物品领用管理、请假申请管理等方面,从而提升保健院的管理能力及办公效率.本文从北京妇幼保健院OA系统应用与设计原理、系统功能、管理流程等方面,阐述保健院OA系统应用与设计.

目的:了解北京市18个区县适龄妇女生殖健康状况。方法:2008～2009年对25～65岁户籍妇女进行妇科及宫颈细胞学检查,同时对40～60岁户籍妇女进行乳腺癌筛查,并记录个人基本信息及个人病史。结果:本次宫颈癌筛查728 704例,宫颈癌筛查平均年龄47.39岁。乳腺癌筛查568 000例,乳腺癌筛查平均年龄49.71岁。宫颈癌筛查检出宫颈上皮内瘤变(C INⅠ、C INⅡ、C INⅢ)及以上病变968例,检出率132.84/10万,其中宫颈癌及癌前病变(C INⅡ、C INⅢ)602例,检出率为82.61/10万(602/728 704),其中宫颈癌89例,检出率为12.21/10万。乳腺癌筛查检出乳腺癌266例,乳腺癌检出率为46.83/10万。结论:适龄妇女生殖健康状况不容忽视,应定期开展宫颈癌、乳腺癌筛查,早期发现并治疗癌前病变,提高妇女健康水平。

目的:了解北京市适龄妇女生殖健康状况.方法:2008年～2009年对北京市25～65岁户籍妇女进行妇科及宫颈细胞学检查,记录个人基本信息及个人病史.结果:宫颈癌筛查728 704人,进行传统巴氏细胞学检查的妇女共有424 620人,阳性(ASC-US及以上)检出率2.17%.国产液基细胞学技术检查304 078例,阳性检出率为2.42%.在细胞学结果为鳞状上皮内高度病变的1 031人中,有26人被最终确诊为宫颈癌,并且有219人最终诊断为宫颈上皮内瘤变.细胞学结果为鳞状细胞癌的27人中,有7人被最终确诊为宫颈癌,并且有6人最终诊断为癌前病变.传统巴氏的灵敏度为75.00%,特异度为97.80%.国产液基的灵敏度为59.10%,特异度为97.60%.结论:筛查中宫颈细胞学阅片困难凸显,由于阅片人员有限,且仅有的阅片人员能力水平较低,使得细胞学阅片结果敏感度不高.

Objective To investigate reproductive health of women in Beijing.Methods Women of 25 to 65 years old who received gynecological and cervical cytology examinations and female adults of 40 to 60 years old who underwent breast cancer screening from January 2008 t0 2009 were enrolled in this study.Personal information and medical records were collected.Results A total of 728 704 women(mean age 47 yeas)received cervical cancer screening for free,and 568 000(mean age 50 years)performed breast cancer screening in no charge.Detection rate of breast cancer or cervical cancer was 46.83/100 thousands and 132.84/100 thousands,respectively.Six hundred and two women were diagnosed with CIN Ⅱ/Ⅲ or cervical cancer.Conclusion Regular cervical or breast cancer screening and early detection and control of precancerous lesions may be important to improve women's reproductive health.

<正>2008年,北京市在全国率先开展两癌免费检查,在项目实施中,积极克服妇女居住分散、流动性大、结构复杂等具体困难,针对区县之间基本医疗卫生服务资源总量不足、分布不均、水平参差不齐等问题,市、区县两级卫生行政部门同心协力,采取有力措施,按时限完成项目预定目标,取得良好的社会反响,获得了大量宝贵的第一手资料。同时,本次筛查也存在诸如:

Objective To investigate the reproductive health of target women at Chaoyang District,Huairou District and Xicheng District in Beijing. Methods Local resident women aged 25～65 years in the studied areas received gynecological examination and cervical cytology examination from January 2008 to February 2009,and their personal information and?personal medical histories were recorded. Results Totally 148,989 women received the screening,and the cervical cancer screening rate was 20.94%.Among them,59,834 women were abnormal by gynecological exam,with the abnormal rate of 40.16%.Cervicitis,colpitis and hysteromyoma ranked the first three among the gynecological abnormalities,and the screening rate was 341.35‰,74.48‰ and 29.24‰,respectively.333 women were diagnosed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia by histopathology(included 158 cases with CIN I,87 cases with CIN Ⅱ,and 88 cases with CIN Ⅲ).31 women were diagnosed with invasive carcinoma of cervix,?and 7 women diagnosed with other female malignant cancer by histopathology. Conclusions Women's reproductive health should not be ignored.Regular cervical cancer screening,early detection and treatment of precancerous lesions are important to improve women's health.

>北京市于2008年1月31日起在朝阳区、西城区、怀柔区等试点地区为拥有该地户籍的25～65岁妇女进行宫颈癌筛查。截止到2009年2月筛查工作基本结束,现将筛查结果报告如下。一、对象与方法1.调查对象:拥有西城区、朝阳区、怀柔区(3个乡镇)户籍的25～65岁妇女共711 243名,实际筛查148 989名。

为切实维护广大妇女的健康权益,早期发现、早期治疗严重危害妇女健康的乳腺癌、子宫颈癌,保障妇女健康,2008年北京市政府在朝阳、西城、怀柔试点启动北京市两癌筛查工作(市政府为民办实事项目).2009年,根据<北京市人民政府办公厅关于印发北京市2009年在直接关系群众生活方面拟办重要实事的通知>(京政办发[2009]6号)精神,开展为全市25岁～65岁妇女进行免费宫颈癌筛查,同时对40～60岁妇女进行乳腺癌筛查.全市共有243家医疗保健机构参与了筛查工作,按时限完成项目预定目标,取得良好的社会反响,获得了大量宝贵的第一手资料.现对北京市宫颈癌筛查费用进行初步分析探讨,通过总结经验,不断完善筛查工作.

伴随着人类的生产和生活活动,环境雌激素对人类健康和繁衍的不良影响愈来愈严重。环境雌激素可通过污染环境、食物链和职业接触进入人和动物体内,干扰内分泌系统而产生一系列的影响,特别是对子代造成严重后果。本文就目前已开展的部分环境雌激素对子代的影响研究进行综述。

为了切实维护广大妇女的健康权益，解决危害妇女健康的主要疾患，早期发现、早期诊断、早期治疗严重危害妇女健康的乳腺癌、子宫颈癌（以下简称两癌），以保障妇女健康。根据市政府提出的“按照自愿原则，为本市40岁～60岁妇女提供乳腺癌免费检查和为本市25岁～65岁妇女提供子宫颈癌免费检查”的要求，2008年1月启动试点筛查工作，2009年在全市推开，截止2009年11月30日，两癌筛查工作基本完成。

如何依据流行病学调查研究和公共卫生基础资料,最大限度地利用公共卫生资源在宏观水平上制订出适合本地区实情的妇女多发病预防管理模式与方法,使北京地区妇女多发病防治工作达到一级预防的目的是目前妇女多发病防治工作亟待探究的问题.

紧张(Stress)是指客观需求与主观反应能力之间的一种可感受到的实际不平衡,在这种条件下,由于不能满足需求而引起可觉察的功能性紊乱[1].工作紧张(occupational stress)是指由于工作或工作有关的因素所引起的紧张[2].当工作要求超过了劳动者的应变能力时,个性特征和环境之间相互作用所出现的机体的心理、生理功能的异常改变.

北京市女职工保健工作得到北京市卫生局的重视,现将北京市女职工保健工作概述如下. 1 女职工保健的内涵 女工保健是妇女劳动保护的医学基础和理论依据,对保护女职工在生产劳动及其他职业活动中的安全和健康有重要意义.2000年以后,根据WHO提倡的"妇女职业",的定义应包括,"所有妇女在家庭内或家庭外完成的,有工资以及没有工资的工作".从事家务劳动的家庭妇女及农村从事各类劳动的女性,也属于职业劳动的范畴.因此,女工保健的服务对象应扩展到所有从事社会和家庭劳动的妇女.

Objective:To assess occupational stress of Beijing women doctors and correlative influence factors.Methods:A test of occupational stress and work ability was carried out with revised occupational stress inventory (OSI-R) and work ability index (WAI) for 300 women doctors.Results:The level of occupational stress and strain increased with age, however, personal resources decreased. Women doctors with high education had higher strain than those with low education. The score of occupational role and strain were higher in married, divorced than unmarried (P<0.05).The major influential factors of personal strain, interpersonal strain, physical strain were occupational roles, role boundary, rational, self-care.The major influential factors of vocational strain were occupational roles, role overload, education category, rational, physical environment, responsibility. The major influential factors of psychological strain were occupational roles, role boundary, personal resources, role ambiguity.The primary influential factors of work ability for women doctor were hospital's class, role overload, role insufficiency, vocational strain, physical strain and rational conduct.Conclusion:For women doctors, different measures should be taken to reduce the occupational stress as so to improve their work ability.

健康是生命的资源,妇女享有健康的权利,作为生殖健康主体的妇女的健康和权益应当受到社会更广泛的关注.对职业女性定期进行健康检查是妇女保健的重要内容之一,它可以早发现,及时治疗常见病、多发病以及妇科良、恶性肿瘤,并可及时了解各类妇科疾病在人群中的发病情况、发病趋势.对早期治疗妇女病、降低患病率、提高妇女生活质量、保障妇女身心健康有重要意义.

健康是生命的资源,妇女享有健康的权利,作为生殖健康主体的妇女的健康和权益是妇女社会地位提高的具体体现.20世纪90年代以来,随着社会主义市场经济体制的建立,我国妇女发展的社会经济环境发生了很大的变化.这些变化对妇女整体和不同女性群体的发展已经和将要产生什么影响,经济和社会发展与妇女发展是否同步,已为世人所瞩目.为此,2000年12月,全国妇联和国家统计局组织实施了中国妇女社会地位抽样调查,北京市妇联承担北京地区调查.