[Objective]To understand the protective effect of pentavalent rotavirus(RV)vaccine in preventing infectious diarrhea among infants and young children,and to provide a basis for formulating prevention and control strategies for this population.[Methods]A retrospective cohort study was conducted to follow up resident children born in Pinghu City from January 2019 to June 2021 for two years.Data on morbidity and pentavalent RV vaccine inoculation were collected to analyze the incidence density of rotavirus infection among children inoculated with different doses of the pentavalent RV vaccine,and to calculate the vaccine protection rate.[Results]A total of 5 141 resident children were surveyed,with a RV vaccination rate of 31.63%and a full vaccination rate of 30.83%.There were 154 cases of RV infection,with an incidence density of 1 392.69/100 000 person-years.Among the 875 migrant children(17.02%),the full vaccination rate was 20.46%,while among the 4 266 local children(82.98%),the full vaccination rate was 32.96%.The difference in full vaccination rate between migrant children and local children was statistically significant(χ2=53.209,P<0.001).The proportions of boys and girls were 51.94%and 48.06%,respectively,with a full vaccination rate of 29.74%and 32.01%,respectively;and the difference was not statistically significant(χ2=3.111,P=0.078).The proportions of children with normal birth weight and abnormal birth weight were 91.56%and 8.44%,respectively,with a full vaccination rate of 31.82%and 20.05%,respectingly;and the difference was statistically significant(χ2=25.852,P<0.001).Among the 3 515 children who were not vaccinated with the pentavalent RV vaccine,118 of which were infected,with an incidence density of 1 503.32/100 000 person-years(with an incidence rate of 3.36%).Among the 41 children who were partially vaccinated(received only 1-2 doses),the incidence density was 1 058.54/100 000 person-years(with an incidence rate of 2.44%).Among the 1 585 fully vaccinated children,35 of which were infected,with an incidence density of 1 123.96/100 000 person-years(with an incidence rate of 2.21%);and the difference in incidence rate was statistically significant(χ2=4.988,P=0.026).The protection rate for partial vaccination was 28.00%(95%CI:22.00%‒33.50%),while for full vaccination was 35.10%(95%CI:29.80%‒40.00%).[Conclusion]Pentavalent RV vaccination can effectively prevent rotavirus infection in infants and young children,in which the full vaccination is more effective than partial vaccination.It is recommended to strengthen the monitoring of circulating RV strains in the city,develop more targeted vaccines,and increase the RV vaccine coverage rate and full vaccination rate among infants and young children through the expansion of the national immunization program and enhancement of public education,so as to effectively reduce the incidence of infectious diarrhea in infants and young children.

目的 分析国产单价口服轮状病毒活疫苗(轮状疫苗)的保护效果,为防制婴幼儿轮状病毒感染提供依据.方法 通过传染病信息报告管理系统收集2014年1月1日—2019年6月30日平湖市0～5岁儿童轮状病毒腹泻病例资料,通过浙江省预防接种信息管理系统收集国产单价口服轮状疫苗接种信息,评价国产单价口服轮状疫苗的保护效果.结果 纳入0～5岁儿童3550人,接种国产单价口服轮状疫苗581人,接种率为16.37％,呈逐年上升趋势(P<0.05);1岁儿童接种率最高,为20.16％,≥1岁儿童接种478人,占82.27％;轮状病毒腹泻病患病70例,患病率为1.97％,患病年龄集中在≤1岁,42例占60.00％.接种组患轮状病毒腹泻15例,患病率为2.58％;未接种组患轮状病毒腹泻55例,患病率为1.85％.该国产单价口服轮状疫苗保护率为-39.46％.控制性别、年龄和户籍的影响后,是否接种该国产单价口服轮状疫苗与是否患轮状病毒腹泻无统计学关联(P>0.05).结论 未发现国产单价口服轮状疫苗接种与轮状病毒腹泻患病之间存在统计学关联,可能与主要接种人群和感染高发人群不一致有关.

In July and December 2016, two fever clusters, characterized by non-specific inflammatory reaction, occurred in a company of Zhejiang. Field investigation and laboratory detection indicated that the non-specific inflammatory reactions were caused by aerosol of high concentration of infectious microbe from the contaminated humidification system.

目的 查明平湖市一起D8基因型麻疹暴发的原因.方法 按照制定的病例定义在辖区医疗机构和社区开展病例搜索,对疑似病例开展流行病学调查,对病例工作场所和就医单位开展现场卫生学调查;采集病例标本检测麻疹IgM抗体、 麻疹病毒核酸,并进行病毒基因分型.结果 共搜索到10例确诊病例(麻疹IgM均呈阳性),发病时间为2017年4月8—26日,分布在曹桥、 当湖和钟埭3个街道;发生在同一家庭2例(母女),同一工作单位4例,散发4例;1例5月龄,其余9例均≥20岁,均为非预防接种对象,无接种史或不详.首例病例无外出史,工作频繁接触外来人员,就诊的P医院未能及时诊断,诊疗期间未开展院内防护隔离,且病例带病上班;7例病例发病前7～21 d有P医院就诊或探病史,存在医院感染可能;3例为首例病例的同事,存在接触感染可能;1例婴儿可能为母婴接触感染.5例病例标本经实验室病毒基因分型确定为D8型.结论 该起疫情为浙江省首起D8基因型麻疹暴发事件,首例误诊漏诊和医院防控不到位是本次暴发的主要原因.

目的 了解平湖市敬老院老年人健康状况和就诊情况,为提高敬老院老年人保健服务提供依据.方法 选取平湖市10家敬老院175名老年人进行问卷调查,收集慢性病患病、近半年就诊及近1年住院信息;采用《日常生活能力评分量表》评价调查对象自理能力;采用多因素Logistic回归分析敬老院老年人就诊和住院治疗的影响因素.结果 共发放问卷175份,回收有效问卷162份,问卷有效率为92.57%,敬老院老年人轻度自理障碍18人,占11.11%,明显自理障碍23人,占14.20%,慢性病患病108人,占66.67%,近1年意外伤害事故发生率11.11%,近半年内就诊比例为55.55%,近1年住院比例为47.53%.多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,初中文化程度的老年人(OR=0.280,95%CI:0.091~0.858)较文盲就诊率低;五保供养老年人(OR=2.418,95%CI:1.161 ~5.036)较寄养老年人就诊率高;患有1种慢性病的老年人(OR=2.656,95%CI:1.247 ~5.659)较未患慢性病的老年人就诊率高;女性老年人(OR=0.457,95%CI:0.228~0.913)住院率较低;明显自理障碍的老年人(OR=0.330,95%CI:0.170~0.931)虽较自理功能正常老年人就诊率低,但轻度自理障碍(OR=2.86,95%CI:1.092~7.502)和明显自理障碍(OR=8.278,95%CI:1.753~39.085)的老年人住院率则明显较高.结论 文化程度低、五保供养、患有慢性病的老年人就诊需求相对较大;存在自理功能障碍的老年人住院需求大;建议进一步合理配置卫生资源,以提高养老机构老年人健康水平.

目的了解平湖市居民PM 2.5 的认知情况,为政府制定相关的政策提供科学依据。方法 2015年10月1日—12月31日期间,用统一自行设计的调查问卷对在本地居住超过3个月、年龄介于17岁~65岁的常住居民进行匿名调查。主要调查居民对大气细颗粒物PM 2.5 知晓情况及在空气污染时是否采取自我防护措施。知晓率之间的比较采用单因素卡方检验。结果共调查420人,有效问卷398份,94.76%,其中男195人、女203人,年龄中位数32岁。PM 2.5 知晓率为75.13%（299/398）;本科及以上知晓率（96%）远高于高中及以下（53.1%）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;公务员或国企事业单位在职人员知晓率（90.32%）远高于农民（34.55%）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。空气污染严重时,居民以采取佩戴口罩78.39%（312/398）为主。结论被调查的平湖市居民对PM 2.5 对健康的影响认知水平还有待于进一步提高,特别是针对农民和年龄偏大的人群应该加大PM 2.5 对健康的危害宣传力度。

目的 探讨嘉兴市地区托幼机构儿童手足口病发病的影响因素,为采取有效防控措施提供参考.方法 分层随机抽取嘉兴市347所托幼机构进行间卷调查,了解托幼机构级别、地理位置、收费和手足口病发病等相关信息;采用单因素和多因素负二项分布回归分析方法分析影响手足口病发病的因素.结果 公办托幼机构、托幼机构地理位置处于县城、教室内有洗手装置、厕所类型为蹲坑、流行季节发放宣传手册、流动人口比例大于50％均与托幼机构手足口病发病率呈负相关(β值分别为-0.557,-0.315,-0.351,-1.170,-0.543,-0.373,P值均＜0.05),共用毛巾和人均消毒费用＞20元与手足口病发病率呈正相关(β值分别为1.150,0.814,P值均＜0.05).结论 应进一步加强传染病管理工作,督促民办和农村地区托幼机构全面提高传染病防控工作规范;加大宣传教育力度,提高儿童、教师和家长的传染病防范意识,降低手足口病发病率.

目的:了解和分析平湖市2010-2014年手足口病流行特征,为制定有效的预防和控制措施提供切实可行的科学依据.方法:采用描述流行病学方法分析平湖市2010-2014年手足口病流行特征.结果:平湖市2010-2014年累计报告手足口病6 466例,年平均发病率189.96/10万,2011年发病率最低,为80.86/10万,2014年最高,为351.05/10万,发病高峰均出现在4-7月份.另外,2014年在9-11月份出现冬季二次小高峰.手足口病报告病例当中,5岁及5岁以下儿童占总报告病例数的92.51％.病原学结果当中,在2010-2012年期间均以肠道病毒71型(EV71)为主,2013年和2014年以其他肠道病毒为主.结论:平湖市手足口病疫情形势严峻,应加强对重点人群和重点场所的防控措施,控制疲情.

目的 了解浙江省平湖市羊养殖职业人群对布鲁氏菌病(布病)防治知识的知晓程度及日常工作行为习惯,查找本地布病防控的薄弱环节,为调整布病防控策略提供依据.方法 根据《全国布鲁氏菌病监测方案》设计调查问卷,以入户方式对职业人群开展问卷调查.结果 共调查41人,职业人群布病基本知识总体知晓率为58.27％,其中人感染布病知晓率51.22％,人感染途径知晓率为68.29％,畜类感染布病知晓率为68.29％,病畜、流产物等畜类疫情处置规范知晓率为85.37％;卫生习惯正确率83.74％;存栏羊群抽检率为10.32％,未发现阳性;职业人群采样104人份,为发现新感染病例.结论 平湖市职业人群布病知晓率及正确行为习惯率均不高,防护不到位,建议加强布病健康宣教,提高职业人群布病防治知信行;畜类检疫抽检比例偏低,建议加强畜类检疫,严把病畜输入关.

目的：了解和掌握平湖市职业人群对布鲁氏菌病的防治知识知晓率，为布病防控提供针对性的措施。方法采取普查方法，使用自行设计问卷对平湖市职业人群进行布病防治知识问卷调查。结果共调查41人，男性为主（35／41），平均年龄为47.97岁，其中职业羊散养为主，占73.17％（30／41）。所调查人群当中，布病知识了解情况总体知晓率为74.69％；在职业人群工作场所环境及防护措施方面总体知晓率为87.39％。结论本次调查结果提示平湖市职业人群布鲁氏菌病总体防治知识知晓率达到合格标准，但是今后还需加强防治知识的宣传，应进一步促使本地区的职业人群重视和参与布鲁氏菌病健康教育。

目的：了解和评估平湖市羊养殖场所布鲁氏菌病（布病）的传播风险。方法对平湖市23家羊养殖场进行现场卫生学调查与分析。结果23家羊养殖场均未设病畜隔离室，仅有3家设产羔室但未使用。养殖场消毒药品配备率为60．87％，从业人员手消毒药品配备率为34．78％，养殖场场主对病畜及流产物规范处置知晓率均为65．22％。养殖场购进羊群检疫率73．91％；较大规模养殖场在环境消毒药品配备方面比小规模养殖场规范（P ＝0．04）。对856只存栏羊作血清学抽检，抽检率为11．33％，检测结果均为阴性；对104份职业人群样本作血清学检测，布病抗体阳性3份，阳性率2．88％，均为既往感染病例，未发现新感染者。结论当前平湖市羊养殖场存在人感染布病的风险，从业人员个人防护意识不高，应加强养殖业卫生监管与宣教。

目的 了解活禽交易市场活禽摊主对H7 N9禽流感知信行情况.方法 自行设计调查表,采用问卷调查方式,对活禽摊主开展面对面调查.结果 共调查活禽摊主47名,均听说过H7N9禽流感,对人感染H7N9主要途径知晓率25％;当地发生疫情后感到紧张度27.66％;工作中主动开展防护率65.43％;活禽摊主对“一日一清洗,一周一消毒,一月一休市”制度落实到位率87.23％;对政府应对疫情采取暂时关闭活禽市场支持率(72.34％)与永久性关闭、全面实行冰(生)鲜上市支持率(46.81％、51.05％)差异有统计学意义(x2=16.52,P＜0.01).结论 活禽交易市场活禽摊主对H7 N9防控知信行模式尚未建立,有针对性地开展健康教育是当前阻断H7N9传播的防控重点;有关部门应履行管理职责,促进活禽市场各项制度落实到位.

布鲁菌病（布病）是我国北方牧区常见的一种人畜共患疾病，近年来该病在南方各地时有报道，疫情已有向南方蔓延之势。2012年平湖市首次出现该病疫情，并引起本地跨年度暴发。为摸清平湖市布病疫情流行特征，探索现阶段布病防控重点，我们对2012—2013年本起布病暴发疫情展开调查。

登革热是由登革热病毒引起的、通过伊蚊传播的一种急性虫媒传染病，广泛流行于热带和亚热带的国家和地区。平湖市地处浙北平原沿海，历史上无该病报告。2014年受东南亚及我国广东省登革热疫情持续上升影响，该市亦出现1例登革热病例，本文报道病例调查结果。

目的：了解平湖市居民血脂水平状况，为制定干预措施提供依据。方法采用分层抽样法，抽取平湖市9个镇/街道的10个社区/村3000名＞18岁本地户籍居民进行调查分析。结果平湖市居民血脂异常率为35.44％，其中总胆固醇、甘油三酯和低高密度脂蛋白异常率分别为10.39％、27.30％和5.52％。血脂异常率与年龄呈正相关（P ＜0.05）。＜35岁和35岁～组的血脂异常率均为男性高于女性（P ＜0.05）；55岁～和65岁～组均为女性高于男性（P ＜0.05）。结论平湖市居民血脂异常状况不容乐观，早期发现、加强锻炼、调整饮食结构和改变不良生活习惯是有效控制手段。

Objective TounderstandandevaluatethetransmissionriskofavianinfluenzaA(H7N9)virusinlivepoultry markets(LPMs).Methods Atotalof31LPMsfromJiaxingcitywereselectedusingrandomsamplingmethodand hygienicinvestigationonthespotwascarriedout.Results All31farmproductmarketshadlivepoultrytradewhile29 (83.87%)of them had live poultry slaughter spots,and 3 of them were not in the trade zone.The situation of sanitary, isolation,disinfection and personal protection in live poultry trading spot was not satisfied and only one LPM set a compartment.The LPMs whose distance exceeding 10 meters between live poultry slaughter spot and trading spot were accountedfor41.38%.Conclusion ThetransmissionriskofavianinfluenzaA(H7N9)virusinfarmproductmarketis high.To close the live poultry market during the epidemic period and strengthen surveillance activities are suggested.

手足口病(HFMD)是一种由肠道病毒引起的常见传染病,婴幼儿高发.一般认为病原体主要为肠道病毒EV71型(EV71)及柯萨奇病毒A组16型(coxA16).为进一步了解平湖市手足口病病原体种类,我们自2010年起开展手足口病患者病原学检测,现将2010年1月-2013年8月的检测结果分析如下.

Objective To understand the accuracy of notifiable communicable disease reporting in Pinghu,Zhejiang province.Methods Survey of diagnostic accordance rate of communicable diseases was conducted in 4 medical institutions in Pinghu according to the "Manual of diagnostic criteria of notifiable communicable diseases "( 2008 edition).Results A total 251 patients suffering 9 communicable diseases were surveyed.The overall diagnostic accordance rate was 82.07%.The diagnostic accordance rate of other infectious diarrheal diseases,brucellosis,typhoid and mumps reached 100%,the diagnostic accordance rate of hand foot and mouth disease,gonorrhea and bacterial dysentery were 96.67%,88.89% and 92.31% respectively,but the diagnostic accordance rate of rubella and viral hepatitis were lower( 33.33% and 69.60% respectively).The diagnostic accordance rate in city hospitals was significantly lower than that in township health centers.The pass rate of the diagnostic criteria examination was 57.50%.Conclusion The diagnostic accordance rate was low in Pinghu and medical staff should receive more training on diagnostic criteria of notifiable communicable diseases.

<正>我国是病毒性肝炎大国,其中乙型病毒性肝炎(乙肝)的报告发病率一直位居法定甲乙类传染病前列。近几年来,平湖市乙肝发病数稳居法定传染病第3位,为了解平湖市各医疗单位乙肝诊断符合情况,正确评估平湖市乙肝发病率,于2011年下半年抽查6家医疗单位,开展了乙肝诊断符合率调查,现报告如下。

[Objective]To observe the reaction of Adverse Events Following Immunization(AEFI) of H1N1 flu virus cleavage vaccine,so as to provide basis for relevant strategies.[Methods]During October 2009 to April 2010,a large-scale vaccination of H1N1 flu virus cleavage vaccine was conducted in Pinghu city,as well as safety monitoring for all vaccinated.[Results]A total of 40 744 people received vaccination,there were 25 cases of AEFI,and the incidence was 61.35/105,the incidence of the general reaction was 36.81/105,that of the abnormal reaction was 9.81/105,that of the coupling other diseases reaction was 7.36/105,that of the psychological reaction was 7.36 /105;The incidence in women was 96.58/105,and 21.05/105 in men;The incidence was 61.39/105 in 15 to 20 years old,and 59.05/105 in 21 to 50 years old,and 78.98 /105 in over 60 years old;The incidence was 61.39 /105 in students,and 78.86/105 in medical workers,and 83.33/105 in teachers,and 52.01/105 in other professional;25 cases had clinical symptoms,such as fever,local swelling,and pain,within 10 min to 24h after vaccination,and all were cured.[Conclusion]The AEFI reaction of H1N1 flu virus cleavage vaccine is low.