反鱼雷鱼雷(ATT)是一种全新的防御鱼雷硬杀伤器材.介绍了美国海军ATT的研发动态.从信息获取、拦截方式、毁伤能力3个方面归纳了ATT作战的主要影响因素.围绕基于被动探测的拦截效果、基于主动探测的应用场景、编队应用时的干扰与误伤、传统拦截模式的应用瓶颈4个方面,定性分析了ATT可能面临的实际约束.指出应以慢、近、稳的作战需求为牵引,将实施近场无缝式硬杀伤拦截作为一个值得探索的方向.研究结果可为鱼雷防御技术的需求论证与技术研发提供理论参考.

对潜射鱼雷的综合防御是当前水面舰艇构建防御鱼雷指控系统的核心内容.首先,在基本概念层面区分了纵向综合与横向综合的不同侧重,从主要特征角度归纳了防御对象多样性与防御手段多样性的基本内涵,在防御过程方面明确应立足一次性防御理念展开决策部署,并强调态势生成问题是制约防御效能提升的主要瓶颈.其次,围绕综合防御态势生成过程中的识别与定位2个关键性问题,进一步分析了来袭鱼雷制导类型的识别原理与输出特点,探讨了实际弹道预测法和似然弹道预测法的实现方式及特征差异,从而形成了对综合防御鱼雷态势生成问题的完整表述.最后指出,综合防御鱼雷的目的可划分为主要对抗目的和辅助对抗目的,综合防御基本原则包括综合优先、效费比最佳、硬杀伤优先、威胁优先或信度优先等,综合防御火力分配可采取二级分配的方式,并围绕不同报警距离范围归纳了多手段综合防御鱼雷的关注重点及一般规律.研究表明,一套相对完整的水面舰艇防御鱼雷理论体系已初步形成,这对相关指控装备的研制和相应指挥能力的提升具有参考意义.

对来袭鱼雷运动要素的掌握是水面舰艇制定鱼雷防御策略的重要依据.文中首先围绕鱼雷防御态势特征,选择以"两方位一距离一速度"模型为基础分析鱼雷运动要素的解算原理,并给出这种实际弹道预测法的仿真说明.其次,分别归纳了潜射直航鱼雷、声自导鱼雷、尾流自导鱼雷的弹道预测模型以及线导鱼雷的线导导引模型,并给出这种似然弹道预测法的仿真说明.最后,围绕上述2种弹道预测方法进行了仿真比对,从中提取出鱼雷弹道散布的综合求解规律.结果证明,综合运用2种弹道预测法能够有效提高鱼雷弹道散布分析的准确性和客观性,可为水面舰艇的鱼雷防御决策提供参考.

水下自防御系统是目前水面舰船作战系统研发中的一个全新概念.介绍了舰船水下自防御系统的概念由来和研究范畴,分析了综合防御鱼雷技术的现状及发展.从防御对象的多样性、防御手段的相干性方面,论述了自防御指挥控制功能设计的主要难点,并由此引出鱼雷制导类型识别、多手段相干性处理两项关键技术.指出了自防御指挥控制技术研发的3个基本着眼点,并从态势感知和防御决策方面论述了指挥控制功能研发思路.围绕人机结合、系统时效和评价标准阐述了对自防御指挥控制功能设计的辩证理解.研究内容可为舰船水下自防御系统的研发提供理论参考.

The route of occupying attack position is a major consideration when surface ship prepared to attack submarine. First,the principle of choosing attack position is analyzed on submarine attacking surface ship by torpedo. Second,the basic occu?pying principle and the simulation analysis are discussed on a single large and medium sized destroyer attacking submarine by anti?submarine torpedo and rocket assisted torpedo. The necessity is pointed out on surface ship attacking submarine quickly by multi-layer antisubmarine weapon system. Finally,the fundamental differences are compared between two sort of platform,and the major rules are concluded on single destroyer occupying attack position. These contents can provide theoretical support for designing new antisubmarine command and control system of surface ship.

综合防御技术是目前鱼雷防御领域研究的前沿问题.分析了软杀伤、硬杀伤和规避机动的具体对抗目的,提出鱼雷防御应以关键对抗目的为主导、再兼顾其他对抗目的.分析了水面舰艇防御鱼雷综合火力分配的基本概念,从多手段、多层次的角度论述了火力分配目的意义,并围绕鱼雷制导类型识别和战技相干性因素,探讨了火力分配过程.最后,指出单一防御决策的研究重点在于模型库的构建、综合防御决策的研究重点在于知识库或规则库的构建,并分析比较了仿真评估手段.研究结果可用于对水面舰艇综合防御鱼雷系统的构建.

对潜射声自导鱼雷的拦截是舰载反鱼雷鱼雷(ATT)拦截运用的一个重要内容.首先,针对潜射声自导鱼雷的直航搜索段和自导追踪段弹道特征,分析了ATT的拦截原理,指出ATT应采取不同方式实施拦截.其次,提出了ATT拦截方式变更的临界雷舰距离的概念,并按照本舰采取停车规避、保持原状态航行和采取转向远离规避3种典型态势进行了理论推导和仿真标绘.最后,围绕临界雷舰距离进行了数值仿真和规律分析.研究结果表明:临界雷舰距离是客观存在的,且随着本舰采取机动策略的不同呈现一定规律性变化.该研究结果可为ATT的实际运用提供参考

It is an important basis for planning torpedo-defense-strategy of surface-ship to obtain the motion parameters of incoming torpedo. According to the torpedo defense characteristics,the principle of solving target-motion-parameters was analyzed based on 2B1D1V ( two-bearings, one-distance and one-velocity) model. According to the short time-bearing series coming from torpedo warning towed sonar in surface ship,the simulation and explanation were given by use of 2B1D1V model. The 3B1D( three-bearings and one-distance ) model and DBA ( distance-bearing adjustment ) model were compared with 2B1D1V model. The simulation data of 2B1D1V model were fitted,and the solving rules of torpedo trajec-tory dispersion were analyzed based on convergence rate. The research proves that the 2B1D1V model can satisfy the need of torpedo defense of surface ship to a certain extent.

To recognize the guidance type of incoming torpedo exactly is one of significant problems in surface ship's defense action.Introducing cumulative azimuth variation of incoming torpedo, accumulating the azimuth variation from torpedo alert to homing boot,the cumulative azimuth variation curves are obtained by least squares fitting. The cumulative azimuth variation database can be constructed through enormous simulation.Finally,the time and the distance between torpedo and ship in which acoustic homing torpedo,wake homing torpedo and wire-guided torpedo can be distinguished pairwise are estimated.The simulation results can provide helpful references for surface ship's defense towards incoming torpedo.

准确识别来袭鱼雷制导方式是水面舰艇在鱼雷防御过程中采取有针对性对抗措施的前提.本文分析直航鱼雷、声自导鱼雷、尾流自导鱼雷和线导鱼雷在潜艇攻击征兆、鱼雷齐射数量、航速变化次数和累积方位变化量上的差异,选取这4个变量作为特征指标,运用灰色关联分析法建立来袭鱼雷制导方式识别模型.计算实例证明该方法的有效性,可为水面舰艇的鱼雷防御提供有益参考.

T he optimal eluding strategy and the minimal avoidable alarm distance are important refe-rence factors for a surface ship in defense against acoustic homing torpedoes .First of all ,a model is established for the surface ship to predict acoustic homing torpedo trajectory .Then ,an analysis is made of the optimal strategy of the ship being able to get away from the self-guided searching range of torpedoes .On this basis ,a computing model of the minimal avoidable alarm distance is further estab-lished for the surface ship to elude acoustic homing torpedoes .Finally ,the quantitative analysis and simulation of the typical battlefield situation and equipment capability show that the results of research are of guiding value to the surface ship in defense against acoustic homing torpedoes .

The guidance type identification of an incoming torpe do is a premise for surface ships to defend against torpedoes pertinently. And the bearing rate can be an important basis for identifying the guidance type. Firstly, according to the launch-ing modes and trajectory characteristics of different types of torpedoes, the expressions of bearing rate for straight-running tor-pedo, acoustic homing torpedo and wake homing torpedo are deduced. Secondly, the factors influencing bearing rates of dif-ferent types of torpedoes are analyzed through simulation. Finally, in a given situation, the curves that the bearing rate chan-ges along with the distance between torpedo and surface ship are provided. The simulation results can provide a reference for torpedo guidance type identification.

The technology on synthetically defense against sub-launched torpe do is a front problem to surface ship’s anti-torpedo domain. First,the technology of anti-torpedo is divided into purely defense,synthetically defense and cooperatively defense according to defense scale. Second,the basic characteristics of technology on synthetically defense against torpedo are introduced according to the diversity of defense object and defense means. Finally,the pertinences of technology on synthetically defense against torpedo are discussed according to the design of defense weapon and the application of defense means. The result can provide theoretical and technological support for the action of surface ship synthetically defense against sub-launched torpedo.

The technology on synthetically defense against sub-launched torpedo is a front problem need to be mainly solved in surface ship's anti-torpedo research. According to the difference of guidance mode in sub-launched torpedo,the launching mode and the trajectory characteristics on straight-running torpedo,acoustic homing torpedo,wake homing torpedo and wire-guided torpedo are analyzed through simulation. Aiming at some familiar countermeasure equipments in the world including 3 sort of soft weapons,4 sort of hard weapons and surface ship's maneuver strategy,every sort of weapon's application method is analyzed qualitatively while defense against torpedo synthetically. Some rules on tactical application are analyzed and summarized. The result can provide theoretical and technological support for the action of surface ship synthetically defense against sub-launched torpedo.

对潜射线导鱼雷的防御是水面舰艇面临的一个最大难题.首先,归纳了潜射线导鱼雷的一般导引规律,量化分析了线导鱼雷攻击弹道中所蕴含的潜艇位置信息.其次,分别针对线导导引状态和自导追踪状态的鱼雷防御方法进行了分析,得出水面舰艇应将鱼雷置于舰艉大舷角高速脱离的纯机动规避策略与规避意图.最后,概括了规避方法的可行性,并指出在具体实施过程中应与曲折机动、对潜反击、软硬杀伤等手段相配合.研究结果对于提高水面舰艇的生存概率具有重要意义.

Tactical application is analyzed for surface ship against wake homing torpedo by Rocket Poised Depth Charge(RPDC).First,the assault principle of wake homing torpedo is summarized.Second,the principle on ship predicting wake homing torpedo's trajectory and the model on estimating torpedo advance angle are introduced.Based on the conclusion,a model on calculating firing parameters for RPDC intercepting torpedo is established.Third,the simulation test is performed.Some rules on firing advance angle of RPDC varying with pertinent parameters are concluded.The result can supply important guidance for RPDC intercepting wake homing torpedo.

Guidance type identification of an incoming torpedo is a premise of defending surface ship against torpedo exactly. Extracting and analyzing evidences are essential for establishing the identification system of torpedo types. In this study, four evidences are extracted from incoming torpedo information on the basis of tactical and technological characteristic information; three evidences are extracted from battlefield surrounding, and six evidences are extracted from naval battle state. The affecting mechanism of these evidences on type identification of torpedo guidance is ana-lyzed in detail, and a method of evidences fusion is discussed. This study may provide a theoretical support for objec-tively describing the basic probability assignment of evidences, and facilitate practical application of the type identifica-tion system of sub-launched torpedo.

To defense against wire-guided torpedo is one of the most difficult problems for surface ship.First,a piece of fault cognition is pointed out in present research on defense wire-guided torpedo,and the controlling and guiding principle of wire-guided torpedo is introduced.Second,systems analysis is performed on defense torpedo in wire guiding and self guiding state.A conclusion is drawn that the surface ship should elude with high speed keeping ship stern toward the coming torpedo.Third,the elusion strategy proves feasible and optimum,and some points are emphasized when the strategy is used into actual combat.The result is important to increase the surface ship security.

It's important to research on tactical application of Poised Depth Charge(PDC)for surface ship against torpedo.First,the assault rules of wake homing torpedo are introduced.Second,the math model on advance angle at self-guided system of torpedo searching target is established.Third,the occasion of applying stern-dropped PDC is discussed,and a pertinent math model is established.Fourth,the simulation test is performed.The application rules and the interception probability of two types of PDC are analyzed.The result proves that the interception probability of stern-dropped PDC is greater,and the interception optimum effect can be acquired by the combined application of two types of PDC.

The aim of this paper is research on the model for the threat evaluation of surface ship air defense operation.The generalized mixture operators based weighting function is introduced,based on the weber-fechner law,the weight generating functions for threat valuation attributes are formulated.Furthermore,the importance degree based threat evaluation weighting model for the surface ship air defense operation is developed.The model proposed in this paper is illustrated with a practical example also.