将实生变异荔枝新株系'越州红'在广西钦州进行引种,高接后第3～4年开始投产,成花株率100％,成花枝率99.0％,第3年的投产树产量9286.5kg/hm2,第4年最高株产112.3kg,平均株产70.9kg,产量28719.0kg/hm2;其果实可溶性固形物含量为20.7％,单果质量26.4g,焦核率89.3％;生长旺盛,表现易成花、迟熟、品质优、丰产性好等多项优良性状,性状与原产地栽培一致,为改善或调整广西早中晚熟品种搭配不合理、荔枝产期集中等突出问题提供备选品种.

为探究"妃子笑"荔枝适宜的化学疏蕾方法,在以往荔枝疏花的基础上,对妃子笑雄花喷施乙烯利进行疏蕾处理,重点探索荔枝对乙烯利的反应,并比较不同处理方法对妃子笑荔枝落蕾量、产量和品质的影响.结果表明,一定浓度的乙烯利在喷施花穗后第3 d即可起到明显疏蕾作用,高浓度处理药效时间最长,疏蕾效果最明显,与对照差异达到显著水平,低浓度只起到了抑制花穗生长发育的作用,对疏除花蕾作用不大.综上所述,产量与疏花量密切相关,人工疏花产量最高,与其他各个处理存在显著性差异,机械疏花次之,且与乙烯利处理、对照也存在显著性差异.利用乙烯利进行疏蕾,只要浓度选择适当,效果还是明显的.

荔枝蒂蛀虫Conopomorpha sinensis是为害荔枝龙眼的重要害虫,以幼虫越冬.了解其幼虫经历低温胁迫后的存活率和发育历期有助于预测其种群数量动态.本研究于室内测定荔枝蒂蛀虫幼虫在不同低温条件下(5、10℃和15℃)处理1、3、5、7、10 d和15d的存活率和发育历期及其对蛹和成虫发育的影响.结果 表明,幼虫在5℃下处理1d、3d其存活率分别为48.54％和35.79％,分别为对照的1/2、1/3;10℃下处理7d存活率为41.75％,降为对照的1/2.幼虫在5℃下处理3d后蛹的存活率为45.95％,降至对照的1/2;10℃和15℃处理15 d降为31.11％和30.61％,约为对照的30％左右.幼虫历期在5℃处理3 d(8.14 d)、10℃处理5 d(8.43 d)和15℃处理7 d(9.32 d)时均可达对照的2倍.3种低温条件均造成荔枝蒂蛀虫蛹历期和成虫寿命缩短.由此可见,冬春季5～15℃的低温会引起荔枝蒂蛀虫幼虫和蛹存活率显著降低以及不同虫态历期的异常变化,可导致荔枝蒂蛀虫的虫源减少.

荔枝蒂蛀虫是为害荔枝、龙眼的重要害虫,其以孵化后的幼虫蛀入果实为害,形成"虫粪果",严重影响荔枝品质和产量.在荔枝品种混栽果园的自然条件下,在果实膨大期蒂蛀虫羽化高峰后每天20时至翌日5时30分用手机电筒和普通手持小电筒照射下观察树冠叶层间、叶面和果实,调查记录蒂蛀虫成虫在自然条件下夜晚活动行为习性.结果 表明:蒂蛀虫从傍晚开始迁飞至树冠叶层间和叶面及果实上活动,至完全天黑时基本离开枝干,天空开始发出光亮时又返回枝干处;20时左右开始产卵,高峰时段为20时30分至22时30分,24时后基本停止产卵;产卵位置多集中在果肩和果蒂部位的龟裂片凹陷处,每雌每次在果肩部产卵2～3粒、在果实中部产卵1～2粒,呈散产状,且在果实上产卵时不受同类卵的影响;蒂蛀虫成虫交尾时间在1时至4时之间;正在产卵和交尾的成虫未表现出明显的畏光现象,但在产卵和交尾前明显迁至避光照环境.本研究为荔枝蒂蛀虫防治提供了一定的依据和参考.

为探索防控荔枝蛀蒂虫的新方法,自2015年以来连续4年在荔枝结果期通过果园挂灯夜间光照荔枝树40 d,不用杀虫剂防治荔枝蛀蒂虫.该法还经过3地3个荔枝品种近4 hm2的大面积示范,对蛀蒂虫的防控效果达97％以上.“光驱避法”不仅对荔枝蛀蒂虫防控效果优良,而且还简便易行、绿色环保,适宜所有优质荔枝产区使用.

越州红是在广西浦北县发现的优质迟熟荔枝实生变异株系,平均单果重24.8g,焦核率91.8％,可食率81.38％,可溶性固形物含量20.2％,果肉白蜡色、不流汁、肉质爽脆、清甜、有香味,具有迟熟、优质、焦核、丰产稳产等突出优点,尤其是与黑叶砧木嫁接亲和性好,因此具有较好的推广应用前景.

结合气候如气温和降雨等特点,分析钦州市2020年荔枝成花坐果情况、果实熟期表现,销售价格及销售去向,包装运输方式及销售变化特点,为生产管理提供服务参考.

荔枝蒂蛀虫是荔枝重要害虫.在广西钦州市“三月红”妃子笑”“黑叶”“桂味”“鸡嘴荔”5个品种混栽荔枝园挂果期,调查了果园内不同虫态在植株不同部位的发生情况,分析该虫为害规律.结果 表明,荔枝蒂蛀虫在三月红上发生量最少,在鸡嘴荔上发生量最多.该果园出现2个荔枝蒂蛀虫成虫高峰,即5月26日和6月15日,推测5月26日荔枝蒂蛀虫成虫高峰主要虫源来自落叶蛹,6月15日主要虫源来自枝梢蛹.忽视落叶蛹可能是荔枝蒂蛀虫长期防效不佳的原因之一,建议施药防治时要注意喷施地面,控制树上和地面虫源才能有效防治该虫.

Spiral girdling is an important technical measure of controlling shoots to promote flowers for litchi,the application of measures is closely related to the origin,variety,tree potential,climate and management level.The survey summarized the successful experience and failure lessons for production management.

本文采用喷雾法测定了新烟碱类杀虫剂噻虫嗪、吡虫啉对荔枝椿象若虫的室内防治药效.结果表明,噻虫嗪和吡虫啉对荔枝椿象若虫均有较高的防效,且噻虫嗪比吡虫啉的防效显著.使用30％噻虫嗪悬浮剂1 000倍液、2 000倍液,12h荔枝椿象若虫的死亡率达100％.使用10％吡虫啉可湿性粉剂的1 000倍液、2 000倍液、3 000倍液,12 h荔枝椿象若虫的校正死亡率在28.3％～37％之间,24 h的校正死亡率在50％～61.7％之间,48h的校正死亡率在54.5％～89.1％.

Based on the fieldwork of 29 natural villages in Qinzhou litchi wine,the yielding and management benefit of litchi in Qinzhou City was analyzed.The results showed that Qinzhou litchi completely lost management area ratio reached 26.9%,half lost management accounting for 18.6%.In the condition of normal management,Guiwei was high and stable yield,got the best income.The yielding and management ben-efit of Jizuili, Guifeihong and Feizixiao were better.Qinzhouhongli was generally benefit.The prices of large varieties such as Heiye,Sanyue-hong,Heli were decline,the comprehensive benefit were reducing year by year,lost management were the most serious.Lingshanxiangli“Daxia-onian”were serious,whose income were not stable.To improve the efficiency of the litchi production and operation, Qinzhou should choose suitable varieties, strengthen the management of orchards, improve fruit management skills and level of farmers.

Objective] The aim was to investigate the tree-crown structure characteristic of Shixia longan airtight orchard.[Method] The in-vestigation of the tree-crown structure of Shixia longan airtight orchard was done, and the basic characteristics of canopy structure and related parameters was obtaind.[Result] The study showed that the plant and row space was 4.36 m ×5.62 m, tree height was 3.50-5.40 m and average was 4.76 m, tree-crown height was 3.14 m, vertical crown breadth was 6.82 m, lateral crown breadth was 6.03 m, the average of vertical cross length was 2.46 m, the average of lateral cross length was 0.41 m.The tree-crown of one single plant was round and the plants in the same line connecting into an integrative body which make the “hedgerow” structure.There was one main trunk and the average perime-ter of it above 10cm to the ground was 72.4 cm, it also had 2 to 4 main branch and its perimeter was 65.4 cm.The average of branching de-gree was 13.2, the volume of leaf layer was 15.77 m3 and the bare chamber was 7.84 m3 , the relative intensity in chamber was 12.7% and the relative intensity between plants was 18.6%.The canopy coverage rate was 73.96%, leaf horizontal density in the garden was 13.31, leaf area index was 11.60, the rate of tree-crown was 48.87% and the production volume coefficient was 66.79%.[ Conclusion] The research provide the reference for crown shaping and enclosed modification of of Shixia longan airtight orchard.

[目的]探索大棚秋延后小型无籽西瓜的适宜定植密度.[方法]以小型无籽西瓜桂西瓜1号为试验材料,研究大棚秋延后小型无籽西瓜不同定植密度对其生育期、产量和品质的影响.[结果]不同定植密度对桂西瓜1号的生育期、品质影响不明显,但各处理间产量有差异,株距40 cm处理下产量最高,但商品果率最低,株距50 cm处理时产量与40 cm株距处理无显著差异,且商品果率高.[结论]在塑料大棚秋延后吊蔓栽培、单蔓整枝条件下,株距50 cm处理,即26 670株/hm2为最适宜定植密度.