The Xujiaweizi Fault Depression in the Songliao Basin is a significant area for deep natural gas exploration, and the Shahezi Formation has been recognized as the primary hydrocarbon-source rock. This research integrates core, logging, and seismic data from Well SK2, the world's first scientific drilling well to reach a depth of 7018 m and obtain 2624 m of continuous cores from the Shahezi Formation. The study aims to redefine the stratigraphic framework, resource characteristics, and sedimentary evolution of the formation in the Cretaceous period. The Shahezi Formation, dating from 118 to 112 Ma (mid-Aptian to early Albian), is divided into five third-order sequences (SQ1-SQ5). The upper section of SQ5 and SQ2 shows the highest potential for deep gas, featuring high-maturity Type III kerogen, 35 gas anomaly layers with a total thickness of 79 m, and a 59% proportion of dark mudstone. A three-stage sedimentary evolution model, including initial faulting, intense faulting, and contraction, is proposed, establishing a link between terrestrial sedimentation and global Early Cretaceous events (e.g., OAE1b). This research provides crucial insights for deep gas exploration and global marine-terrestrial sedimentary comparisons.

The Cambrian tectonic stability and palaeogeography of the North China Craton (NCC) remain contentious. As the earliest site of Cambrian transgression, the southeastern NCC serves as an ideal location for investigating the geological evolution of the NCC. Provenance analysis through integrated field investigations, elemental geochemistry, and detrital zircon (DZ) U-Pb-Hf isotope analyses of Cambrian clastic sediments in the southeastern NCC reveals three distinct types of DZ age signatures and associated provenance changes, thereby enhancing our understanding of the Cambrian tectonics of the NCC and tracing its potential linkage to Gondwana. DZ age signatures are characterized as three types: (I) double peaks around 2510 and 1850 Ma, with mostly positive and negative epsilon Hf(t) values, respectively; (II) minor peaks around 1450, 1150, and 950-750 Ma, alongside the double peaks, exhibiting predominantly positive epsilon Hf(t) values; and (III) a scattered array of Mesoproterozoic to early Paleozoic zircons, with minor negative epsilon Hf(t) values clustered at 476-518 and 909-1245 Ma. The contrasts between Series 2 Types I and II and the Wuliuan Type III sediments reflect a significant provenance change from the NCC Precambrian basement and/or cover to an exotic magmatic belt to the south, including the coeval Qinling arc. The comparable provenance shifts across the eastern NCC were diachronous during Stage 4 to Wuliuan, governed by transgression processes, Qinling arc-related orogeny, and paleogeographic configurations of alternating uplift and depression. The Cambrian evolution in the southeastern NCC was closely linked to an orogenic process resulting from Shangdan Ocean subduction, challenging the notion of passive tectonism in the NCC. The continental-scale DZ age signatures in the Cambrian unit support the view of the Cambrian NCC as a discrete continental block, paleogeographically separated from Gondwana-affinitive micro-continental blocks and the Gondwana landmass by the Proto-Tethys Ocean.

Late Stenian-Tonian successions in the southeastern North China Craton (NCC) provide sedimentary records associated with the amalgamation and dispersal of the supercontinent Rodinia. Integrated field investigations, elemental geochemistry, and detrital zircon (DZ) U-Pb-Hf isotope analyses of the Huaihe and Langan groups in the northern Xuhuai Basin provide important constraints on their depositional ages and provenance changes. The mature to super -mature sediments of the lower-middle Huaihe, upper Huaihe, and Langan groups were deposited from 1121 to 943, 996-890, and 817-743 Ma, respectively. DZs from the Huaihe Group exhibit Neoarchean-Paleoproterozoic age groups at the base, with mainly positive and negative epsilon Hf(t) values for the 2.45-2.91 Ga and 1.81-2.44 Ga age intervals, respectively, shifting upward to multi -stage Mesoproterozoic populations with varying but mostly positive epsilon Hf(t) values. The DZ age patterns of the Langan Group change from Neoarchean-Paleoproterozoic groups at the base, to the additional Mesoproterozoic and/or early Neoproterozoic groups, and finally to a unimodal early Neoproterozoic group. DZ signatures of the Huaihe and Langan groups reveal two episodic provenance transitions from NCC to North Qinling Terrane (NQT) sources. They were deposited in a passive rifting setting related to the Proterozoic NQT-NCC accretion process during Rodinia assembly. The marked shift in epsilon Hf(t) values for the 1.80-1.40 Ga and 1.40-0.82 Ga DZs, increasing and decreasing with decreasing age, respectively, is attributed to the transition from an exterior orogen during Columbia breakup to an interior one during Rodinia assembly. Both transitions in the DZ age patterns and Hf isotopic signatures support the NCC-northwestern Laurentia connection in Rodinia.

The Jiyuan depression possesses complex topography with both mountains and hills, which has resulted in poor quality of seismic data. The unclear understanding of the fault structures and the distribution of deep Paleozoic strata in the depression has restricted the oil and gas exploration and resource evaluation. This work applied the wide field electromagnetic method to the Jiyuan depression to verify the effectiveness of this method. The integrated system of geophysical data comprehensive processing and interpretation was utilized for data processing and inversion. The real underground electrical characteristics were obtained, the electrical relationship between target layer and apparent resistivity was established, and the structural characteristics of the target layer in the study area were described. In this study, the fault structural characteristics in the western slope of Jiyuan depression were identified, and 12 new faults were identified. It is revealed that the thickness of the Carboniferous-Permian is 200～1800 m, and the maximum burial depth is 2200 m. The burial depth of the top interface of the Ordovician ranges from 300 to 2450 m, showing a banded distribution, which was confirmed by the core logging of geological survey wells.

松辽外围东部盆地群位于中国东北地区的东部,研究区内共有39个中小规模沉积盆地,总面积约52×104 km2.在总结东部盆地群烃源岩沉积特征的基础上,通过对三江、勃利、通化及红庙子等盆地下白垩统烃源岩有机地球化学综合分析,查明了研究区下白垩统主力烃源岩有机质丰度、有机质成熟度以及有机质类型等指标特征、分布规律,并分析了影响这些指标在区域上规律变化的地质因素,以提升研究区的油气基础地质认识,为东北地区油气资源调查与勘探部署提供科学依据.

提要:随着近年来元古宇商业性原生油气藏在全球范围的不断发现,元古宙地层已逐渐成为了油气勘探重点.华北地台燕山地区是中国中—新元古界最为发育的地区之一,中—新元古界总厚可达9553 m,虽油苗等油气显示发现已久,但多年来一直未取得油气突破.为了下一步开展更具针对性的油气调查及勘探,从中、新元古代这套巨厚的沉积地层中优选出油气勘探的有利烃源岩层段就有着非常重要的意义.本文分析了华北中元古代地层中发育的暗色泥岩与微生物碳酸盐岩这两类烃源岩层的沉积特征,并初步评价了它们的生烃潜力.串岭沟组、洪水庄组与下马岭组均发育有厚层的暗色泥、页岩,总有机碳含量TOC平均值分别为0.89％、2.54％、2.82％,有机质的镜质体反射率Ro(采用为镜状体反射率Rovl)值分别为2.03％、1.05％、0.63％.微生物碳酸盐岩在高于庄组、雾迷山组及铁岭组中普遍发育,其内富含微生物群落等丰富的有机质残留,发育TOC>0.2％的优质烃源岩层段.

熊耳盆地发育华北克拉通最齐全的晚前寒武纪地层,是认识华北克拉通晚前寒武纪沉积和构造演化历史的理想地区.依据收集和自测的38个碎屑岩和23个岩浆岩样品的锆石年代学数据,结合岩相区域对比、沉积古地理格局继承关系等,细化年代地层格架和分析盆地构造属性,重塑熊耳盆地晚前寒武纪构造演化历史及沉积古地理格局.重新厘定的晚前寒武纪年代地层格架将熊耳盆地演化划分为六个阶段:早长城世裂陷、晚长城世断陷、蓟县纪坳陷、待建纪早期坳陷、青白口纪坳陷及晚震旦世冰期坳陷,以及早长城世末期、待建纪中晚期和南华纪—早震旦世三期重要的沉积间断.熊耳盆地存在晚长城世和青白口纪两期碰撞型—伸展型的盆地属性转换,支持北秦岭地体与华北克拉通多期拼贴—裂解的演化模式.中元古代早长城世—待建纪早期的火山-沉积岩系及1.64～1.47 Ga非造山岩浆事件是Columbia超大陆裂解的地质响应,青白口纪早期碰撞型沉积岩系和晚期伸展型火山-沉积岩系分别是Rodinia超大陆汇聚和裂解的地质响应.

东北亚陆缘增生造山过程深受古太平洋板块的俯冲作用影响,饶河杂岩作为古太平洋板块俯冲中央造山带东端的直接证据,分析研究其构造特征对于研究东北亚地区的构造演化具有重要意义.地球物理探测是研究地下岩性变化和深部结构的重要方法,本文布设了一条大地电磁剖面和同测线的人工反射地震,大地电磁测深方法采集点距500 m,频率范围为320 Hz～1000 s,对时间序列数据进行时频转换,预处理后进行二维非线性共轭梯度反演,得到最终的电性模型.人工地震采用爆破震源,满覆盖180次,记录6 s,采用CGG等软件对地震数据进行处理,叠加偏移后获得最终的地震剖面.电性模型显示饶河杂岩体具有不连续高阻体的特征,且西部的高阻体以西倾为主,中东部高阻体呈块状,东部的高阻体不规则,高阻体下存在低阻带,深部有高导体存在.在地震剖面上,饶河杂岩可以分为五个区域,其中西部为西倾的反射体,中部为斜交短反射体,东部上部为强弱不均的短反射体,东部下部为弱反射体,深部为长短不一的杂乱反射体.通过本次的地球物理观测和处理工作,饶河杂岩体可分为两部,浅部具有高阻体、西倾反射体的特征,深部为高导体、杂乱不均一反射体.上下层之间存在分界面,具有低阻带、较为连续的强反射轴的特征.

The Late Precambrian Wufoshan Group from the southern North China Craton (NCC) is significant for its contribution to our understanding of the Precambrian evolution of the NCC, which consists of the Lower Ma'anshan, Upper Ma'anshan, Puyu, Luotuopan, and Hejiazhai formations. Detrital zircon U–Pb ages and Lu–Hf isotopes from the Puyu, Luotuopan, and Hejiazhai formations are used in this study to constrain the depositional age and provenance of the Wufoshan Group and crustal evolution of the NCC. The Puyu Formation is characterized by detrital zircon U–Pb age populations of ~2.13 Ga and ~2.50 Ga, similar to the Lower–Upper Ma'anshan formations from the literature. The Luotuopan Formation exhibits age populations of 1.85–2.18 Ga and 2.28–2.98 Ga, with mainly negative ε Hf ( t ) values and scattered positive ε Hf ( t ) values clustering at two groups of 2.48–2.52 Ga and 2.64–2.97 Ga. The Hejiazhai Formation displays age populations of 0.98–2.00 Ga and 2.51–2.79 Ga with mainly positive ε Hf ( t ) values, whose depositional age is constrained as Neoproterozoic era by the youngest graphical detrital zircon age of 976 ± 20 Ma. Provenance studies indicate that the Mesoproterozoic Lower–Upper Ma'anshan and Puyu formations were sourced from the middle Trans‐North China Orogen (TNCO), while the Neoproterozoic Luotuopan and Hejiazhai formations were derived from the southern TNCO and the North Qinling Terrane, respectively. The clastic rock series in the southern NCC is divided into Luotuopan type and Hejiazhai type by detrital zircon U–Pb age pattern and Hf isotopic characteristics, suggesting Late Mesoarchean to Early Palaeoproterozoic (2.47–2.97 Ga) crustal growth in the interior NCC, and Late Palaeoproterozoic to Early Neoproterozoic (0.98–2.08 Ga) crustal growth in the marginal NCC. The crustal evolution of the NCC can be classified into three stages, namely >3.0 Ga continental nuclei generation, the Meso‐Neoarchean massive growth, and the Palaeo‐Mesoproterozoic interior reworking and marginal growth.

"十三五"期间,松辽盆地及外围油气地质调查以"开辟新区,探索新层系,联合攻关新类型、新领域,支撑百年大庆油田建设"为目标,紧密围绕"松辽盆地陆相页岩油、外围中小盆地、石炭-二叠系与中新元古界深层系"三大领域,取得了一系列发现与进展:一是以基质型页岩油为主攻方向,实施页岩油参数井获工业油流,揭示松辽盆地陆相页岩油巨大资源潜力;二是阜新盆地辽阜地2井获工业油流,实现久攻不克区勘探突破,为传统煤炭资源枯竭型城市转型发展提供资源保障;三是以深层系、非常规为指导思想,实施石炭-二叠系与中新元古界油气资源调查取得新进展.结合新形势、新需求,提出"全盆地、大地质、多资源"综合调查等下阶段工作方向.

东北地区是中国重要的石油天然气生产基地,多年来一直是国内主力油气供应区,但随着松辽盆地油气勘探难度逐渐增大,勘探与开发成本增高,目前亟需新的油气接替区为油气上产和可持续发展提供接替领域和资源保障.松辽盆地外围东部发育39个沉积盆地,规模大小不一,油气勘探潜力较大,已成为东北地区油气勘探的重要领域之一.笔者对松辽外围东部地区的石油地质概况和油气勘探现状进行了分析总结,结合近年来油气基础地质调查工作的进展,提出了东北东部地区油气调查新方向,包括吉林东部地区白垩系页岩油气勘探、三江盆地浅层中新生界生物气勘探、三江地区早中生界海相硅质岩勘探、三江地区上古生界油气勘探,为未来东北东部地区油气资源调查与勘探的部署提供了科学依据.

近年来,中国老油田开发逐渐进入中后期,油气对外依存度也持续增高,亟需寻找新的油气区接替.三江盆地位于中国东北黑龙江省东部,是松辽盆地外围东部面积最大的盆地,迄今暂未取得油气勘探突破.笔者通过对三江盆地开展野外地质调查和钻井勘探,分析总结了该区早中生代沉积的大架山组含硅质岩层系的岩性与分布特征,认为这套早中生代硅质岩与暗色泥岩地层在盆地东部广泛发育并且厚度较大,并且相关测试结果表明其中的暗色泥岩有机质丰度可达0.95％,有机质类型以Ⅱ1型为主,处于高成熟阶段,具有良好的生烃潜力,有望成为三江盆地油气勘探新层系,值得进一步开展油气勘探工作.

1. Objectives The research and prospecting degree of these Mesozoic residual faulted basins located in Tonghua and its peripheral areas, such as Tonghua basin, Liuhe basin and Hongmiaozi basin is low. And these basins are considered to be unified sedimentary basins during the Mesozoic（Fig. 1）.

为深化认识松科二井深层页岩气垂向变化规律,选取沙河子组3500～5700 m层段开展了X射线三维计算机断层扫描(X-ray 3D Computed Tomography,简称CT)成像实验.对19块直径2 cm的柱状岩心进行X射线CT扫描,获取了无损岩心扫描数据,并将其转化为灰度值信息.灰度值信息反映了样品中不同的组分,灰度高值代表骨架和矿物,灰度低值代表孔隙和裂缝.在此基础上,建立分辨率高达15μm的岩心三维图像空间结构,对重建岩心孔隙模型的孔隙形态、空间展布和配位数进行了对比,对样品孔隙度和连通性在垂向上的分布规律进行了统计分析.结果表明,等效孔隙直径大的区域孔隙度高,配位数大的区域连通性好,孔隙度和连通性的垂向分布规律与传统认识相符,与测录井信息可以相互印证.实验证明,基于三维CT成像的数字岩心技术具有数据分辨率高、信息丰富的优势,可作为今后深部油气预测与评价的重要辅助手段.

栾川群沿秦岭造山带和华北克拉通两大构造单元的结合部分布,其时代归属和构造意义长期存在争议.本文从锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素角度对栾川群进行物源分析和区域对比分析,为合理地理解华北克拉通南缘晚前寒武纪构造演化提供重要证据.栾川群上部大红口组浅变质粗面岩的结晶年龄为854±8Ma,成因以古元古代晚期陆壳物质的再循环或改造为主.栾川地区栾川群变碎屑岩中最年轻的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄和大红口组浅变质粗面岩及相关侵入岩的结晶年龄限定栾川群沉积时代在917～844Ma,属于新元古代青白口纪.白术沟组中上部、煤窖沟组和鱼库组变碎屑岩的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素特征一致,碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄集中在1.85～1.10Ga之间,北秦岭地体是最可能的物源区;Hf两阶段模式年龄(TDM2)为1.33～2.92Ga,揭示源区经历了～1.45Ga、～1.8Ga、～2.1Ga和～2.5Ga四期元古代陆壳增生.栾川群白术沟组下部和白术沟组中上部至鱼库组之间截然不同的碎屑锆石年龄谱图表明白术沟组沉积期间物源区由华北克拉通转变为北秦岭块体,沉积构造背景由被动大陆边缘转化为碰撞造山和后碰撞伸展环境.北秦岭地体原来应属于华北克拉通的一部分,至少在华北克拉通南缘至东缘地区曾存在与北秦岭地体类似的中、新元古代构造带.该构造带强烈地参与了Columbia超大陆裂解和Rodinia超大陆汇聚及裂解过程,在新元古代早期与华北克拉通曾短暂的拼合并造山,转变为华北克拉通周缘沉积盆地的主要物源供给区.

南华北盆地晚古生代海陆交互相暗色泥岩较为发育,是该区主要烃源岩层系之一.本文采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪和X射线荧光光谱(XRF)对太康隆起西部地区上古生界本溪组、太原组、山西组和下石盒子组28件暗色泥岩、粉砂质泥岩样品进行了稀土元素和微量元素测试,基于稀土元素的稳定性和其对沉积水体变化的高敏感度,结合泥岩有机碳含量及宏观沉积特征,探讨太原组、山西组古沉积环境及其对有机质富集的影响.分析结果表明,太康隆起地区太原组和山西组稀土元素总量高,轻、重稀土元素分异程度相近,明显高于本溪组和下石盒子组,同时山西组具有较弱的Ce负异常和较强的Eu负异常.Ce异常表明本溪组至下石盒子组整体形成于缺氧的还原环境.ΣREE和TOC在垂向上的变化表明古气候条件经历了由干冷向温湿的转变,沉积速率先降低再增大,太原期沉积水体深,沉降速率低,环境稳定,对有机质的富集和保存有着重要的地质意义.

松辽盆地深部油气已成为今后油气战略性接替领域的一个重要方向,松科二井连续取样的6042组103种单体的轻烃组分数据显示,轻烃组分垂向分布特征呈现明显的分段性,整体可划分为6个区段:Ⅰ段(井段470～1000 m)罐顶气峰面积小,出峰个数少,主要以甲烷为主,重烃较低,为浅层低熟油气段.Ⅱ段(井段1000～2800 m)罐顶气峰面积小,出峰个数多;甲烷含量中等,重烃含量普遍较高;有机质类型以Ⅰ型为主,处于成熟阶段,为常规油气段.Ⅲ段(井段2800～3320 m)罐顶气峰面积小,出峰个数较少、零散;甲烷含量整体较高,重烃含量与Ⅳ段相似,表明该段气源可能来源于Ⅳ段.Ⅳ段(井段3320～5940 m)罐顶气峰面积大,集中分布在3400～3800 m和5200～5400 m井段,明显高于Ⅲ段和Ⅴ段;为Ⅲ型烃源岩,处于高成熟—过成熟阶段.Ⅴ段(井段5940～6200 m)罐顶气峰面积、出峰个数低;甲烷和重烃含量较低.Ⅵ段(井段6200～7018 m)出峰个数、罐顶气峰面积低;甲烷含量较高,重烃含量中等,其总体特征与Ⅳ和Ⅴ段不同,推测深部可能存在气源.上述垂向分布特征反映了白垩系、侏罗系和前侏罗系在油气成因类型、成熟度和含气性及其油气来源等具有不同的特征,为松辽盆地深部非常规天然气探索拓展提供了重要依据.

松辽盆地大陆深部科学钻探工程"松科二井"获得了最完整的沙河子组地层岩心,初步识别出深部页岩气气测异常43层,累计厚度102 m,显示出沙河子组地层具有良好的深部能源前景.为进一步分析松辽盆地沙河子组地层油气资源潜力,本文在前人研究的基础上,结合松科二井测井、岩心数据和地震数据,分析松科二井邻域沙河子组地层的层序特征和空间展布,同时以随钻录井记录到的气测异常为出发点,分析沙河子组地层的测井和地震响应.结果显示:松科二井邻域沙河子组地层具有厚度大、横向延续小的地层展布特点,根据测井、岩心及地震数据,将沙河子组地层分为4个三级层序:SQ1、SQ2、SQ3和SQ4,其中顶部SQ4层序具有较好的油气前景,其岩性以泥岩为主,并具有相对较高孔隙度、低波阻抗的测井曲线特征,在地震剖面上表现为连续强振幅,阻抗反演剖面上存在局部低波阻抗特征,揭示了该区沙河子组深层天然气资源的赋存条件.

In this paper, substantial domestic and foreign research results of microscopic shale reservoir space were systemically reviewed, the research history consisting of simple observation and qualitative classification,quantitative research, the combination of qualitative and quantitative research successively as well as the characteristics of each research stage were summarized. In addition, the current problems existing in the characterization methods of shale reservoir space were also analyzed. Furthermore, based on massive actual detection of typical core samples obtained from more than 50 global shale gas wells and relevant practical experience, a comprehensive characterization method of combining qualitative with the semiquantitative characterization was put forward. In detail, the indicators of the qualitative characterization include pore combination type and organic-matter microscopic morphology type, while the core elements of the semi-quantitative characterization include the percentage of the organic-matter area and the plane porosity of the pores of different types. Based on the reference of the naming and classification of rocks,the three-end-member diagram method was used to characterize microscopic shale reservoir space. This is achieved by plotting the three end-member diagram of 3 kinds of first-order critical reservoir spaces, i.e.,organic-matter pores, matrix pores, and micro-fractures, in order to intuitively present the features of the microscopic pore combination. Meanwhile, statistic histograms of organic-matter microscopic morphology type and the plane porosity of different types of pores were adopted to characterize the development degree of second-order pores quantitatively. By this comprehensive characterization method, the importance of both pore combination and the microscopic morphology of organic matter were emphasized, revealing the control of organic-matter microscopic morphology over the organic-matter pores. What is more, high-resolution FE-SEM was adopted to obtain semi-quantitative statistics results. In this way, the features of pore development and pore combination were quantified, not only reflecting the types and storage capacity of the microscopic shale reservoir space, but also presenting the hydrocarbongenerating potential of organic matter in shale. Therefore, the results of this research are capable of providing in-depth microscopic information for the assessment and exploration and development of shale gas resources.

Paleozoic Carboniferous-Permian strata occur sporadically in the eastern part of the Sanjiang Basin, their total organic carbon and other evaluation indexes of hydrocarbon source rocks are good, but their distribution in the basin has been unknown. In the background of the increasingly high cost of development and the urgent need of new oil and gas replacement area, the authors carried out oil and gas geological survey with gravity-magnetic-electric prospecting engineering in the Sanjiang Basin and established a comprehensive inversion profile through qualitative analysis, integrated information inversion and imaging for the purpose of identifying the developmental characteristics of the Carboniferous-Permian strata in the Sanjiang Basin,. The physical properties of the strata in the study area were systematically studied and summarized, and the distribution characteristics of the Carboniferous-Permian strata was preliminarily characterized by the use of magnetotelluric sounding inversion resistivity for the low-resistance marker layer. Then, the distribution characteristics of the Carboniferous-Permian mudstone were explored by the residual treatment of the two-dimensional inversion resistivity section.