当前核电厂采用技术规格书对机组重要设备的退出时间进行控制与管理,最长退出时间为30 d.文章建立一套风险指引管控方案,以应急柴油机退出时间超出 30d为例,从工程技术以及概率安全评价角度进行风险分析,同时建立维修规则体系进行性能监督,对生产计划进行配置风险管理,必要时提供一定的补偿性措施,确保核电厂风险水平整体可控.

本文介绍了田湾核电站 1-4 号机组配置风险管理的适用范围、程序体系、组织机构和职责,说明了田湾核电站瞬时风险和累积风险阈值的设置方法以及阈值修订的管理流程,进入和退出风险管理矩阵的条件以及风险管理矩阵修订的管理流程,详细阐述了配置风险管理的实施方案,包括运行和维修配置风险管理流程、风险管理措施的制订和实施等.

田湾核电站1、2号机组安全系统采用四列冗余设计,安全性较高.根据设计特点和良好的运行经验,对安全系统的定期试验周期和机组允许后撤时间开展了风险指引型论证优化.对安全系统在线维修的合理性和可行性进行评估论证,依据论证结果,可将安全系统维修工作安排在功率运行期间进行,实现安全系统在线维修.项目获得批准后电站修改了执照文件和维修执行文件,并成功在1、2号机组实施.项目的实施对改善核电厂经济性和维修灵活性发挥了重要作用,具有优越的经济效益和社会效益.

为了支持田湾核电站1、2号机组的1台应急柴油发电机进行返厂大修,本文提出了 1台应急柴油发电机不可用的恢复时间的优化方案,并采用确定论与概率论相结合的风险指引型方法对优化方案的可行性进行了分析.分析结果表明,1台应急柴油发电机不可用的恢复时间优化满足相关法规导则和传统工程分析的要求,且对电厂带来的风险是很小的、可接受的.因此,可以开展1台应急柴油发电机进行返厂大修工作.

针对内部水淹的防护,传统的确定论安全评价是从维持安全功能的角度定性分析内部水淹对机组核安全的影响,无法给出定量的风险评价.而核电厂风险指引型管理是以确定论分析为基础,利用概率安全评价的分析结果进行风险影响评价,以此来论证决策的合理性和必要性.本文基于田湾核电厂3、4号机组内部水淹概率安全评价分析结果,针对内部水淹风险贡献最大的汽轮机厂房循环水母管破裂的水淹情景,提出了3种设计改进方案,然后通过对各种改进方案进行了对比研究和评估,给出3种改进方案的优缺点及实施后对内部水淹堆芯损坏频率的影响,并给出了推荐的设计改进建议.

Risk Monitor (RM)is one of the most important Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA)application tool and widely used at risk-informed decision-making field in many nuclear power plants of the world. In this study,the development and management of the PSA model of Tianwan nuclear power plant Risk Monitor,Browser/Server (B/S)framework and multy-user application,Real-time monitoring development and application,plan automatic import, calculation effectiveness promoting and the development of the program of RM application would be discussed. At last,the challenge and problem are discussed.

核电厂在线风险评价与管理系统能够反映核电厂特定配置状态下的风险信息,对于核电厂的风险管理和综合决策的制定具有重要意义,在国内外进行了广泛的研究和应用.核电厂在线风险评价与管理系统采用能够反映电厂实际配置状态的低复杂度实时风险模型,系统软件通过接口程序读取电厂自动化系统中的电厂配置信息,利用智能并行计算技术对电厂配置状态进行高效风险分析,为电厂的安全管理提供风险依据.本文对某核电厂在线风险评价与管理系统的开发背景、总体框架、功能模块以及相关的关键技术进行了概要介绍,并对该在线风险评价与管理系统分析结果进行了验证,其结果能够正确反映电厂风险信息,具有实际的应用意义.

PRAQUANT is one of the modules used for accident sequence quantification in RR Workstation,a suite of probabilistic safety assessment software.And CQUANT is the quantification engine of PRAQUANT.RiskA is a fault tree quantification engine developed by FDS Team,which can be integrated into PRAQUANT as a third party quantification engine.The process of the integration was introduced in this paper,as well as the benchmark between RiskA and CQUANT.The results of benchmark showed that the algorithms adopted in RiskA are correct and efficient.

Recovery analysis is usually contained by nuclear power plant's probabilistic safety assessment(PSA).As an advanced application of PSA,risk monitor also needs to perform recovery analysis.Based on the analysis for characteristics and requirements of risk monitor real-time risk calculating,specialties of risk monitor recovery analysis were summarized,and Third Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant Risk Monitor recovery analysis was introduced in detail.This study gives general guidelines and proposals for the development process of nuclear power plant PSA model.

The instantaneous risk model in a risk monitor reflects the point-in-time risk for a wide variety of plant configurations.The instantaneous risk model was developed from the model which reflects the current design and operation of the nuclear power plant with some specific principles which were studied systematically in this paper.An application on a heavy water pressurized reactor shows that the principles are comprehensive and the instantaneous risk model is suitable for the RiskAngel which is a risk monitor developed by FDS Team.

风险监测系统是一种能辅助和优化核电站运行和维修决策的实时风险在线分析工具.数据库作为风险监测系统的重要部分,是分析计算工作的基础,而且其涉及数据量大、数据关系复杂、使用对象广泛,因此其设计和实现是风险监测系统的关键环节之一.本文采用了面向对象关系设计模式进行了数据库设计,并介绍了在数据库实现中面临的一系列问题和为解决这些问题所引入的方法和技术.实践表明数据库设计满足系统要求,安全性和性能满足用户要求.

A risk monitor,an integrated risk analysis tool for real-time monitoring,was widely used in the management of nuclear power plants around the world.A risk monitor prototype system,named RiskAngel,has been developed by FDS Team,China,in which the fault tree analysis engine RiskA was integrated.Based on these,Third Qinshan nuclear power plant Risk Monitor(TQRM) has been developed considering the safety characteristics and the management process of Third Qinshan nuclear power plant.The status and development trend of risk monitor were given in this paper.An overview of the architecture and functions of TQRM was introduced.The key algorithms and technical features were also presented.

Risk monitor, which has been widely used in the progress of RID (Risk Informed Decision) in a NPP (Nuclear Power Plant), is a plant specific real-time analysis tool to determine the instantaneous risk based on actual plant configuration. Based on wide investigation of challenges and technical issues during the development of a risk monitor, a prototype named Risk Angel has been designed by FDS Team in collaboration with several institutes and universities. An overview of the architecture and main functions of Risk Angel were introduced in this paper, as well as the quantitative approach, the calculating engine and the model development. Risk Angel has been applied in a nuclear power plant in P.R. China.

Bounding events are a range of events that encompass all the main potential hazards. Postulated initiating event-potential impacts table (PIE-PIT) studies were used for the selection of bounding events of International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) Test Blanket Module (TBM) system. Based on 20 PIEs obtained by Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) and 10 plant states (PSs) identified using Master Logic Diagram (MLD), this paper describes the process of PIE-PIT studies on China Dual Functional Lithium Lead (DFLL) TBM system. A set of seven bounding events for the future accident analysis were sought-after. They characterize the main hazards associated with DFLL-TBM system.

The probabilistic safety assessment model using for determining the instantaneous risk in a risk monitor are much more complex than the operational model using for determining the average risk.Therefore the development of a fast calculation engine is indispensable and challengeable.the scale of zero-suppressed binary decision diagram.In this paper an optimized method of variables ordering,which fully utilized that features of operational model,was proposed.Not only the theoretical demonstration but also the applications were also brought out.

Risk monitor is the recent development and application of probabilistic safety assessment,which could improve the safety and economy of nuclear power plants.As the system was developed to be used widely in different ways and places,how to satisfy the diverse requirements of users in different locations was one of the difficulties in the design of the system.In this paper,SSH architecture was selected based on the feature of the system and the analysis and research of several frameworks,which was used in the development of the system.The results showed that the whole system could not only be simplified but also be in favor of cooperating in the development by this architecture.In addition,the system could also be expanded and maintenanced easily.

<正>张玉庆是伊力特实业股份有限公司酒三厂制曲车间采曲班的一名班长,也是一名党员。工作10年来,他用自己的实际行动感化引导班组的每一位员工,赢得了班员们的尊重和信任。凭着踏实肯干的作风和人格魅力,每年被评选为先进个人,他带的班组也从未发生过一起安全事故,多次被公司评为安全先进班组。