Objective To evaluate the influence to detect ascites bacteria with 16S rRNA PCR-microarray in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis( SBP) after treated with antibiotics.Methods Compared to ascites bacterial culture,ascites bacterial 16S rRNA genes were detected by PCR-microarray in 76 cases of suspected SBP with chronic liver diseases,and the difference of ascites bacteria positive rates between two groups with and without antibiotics were analyzed.Results Of the 76 ascites samples in SBP patients,there were 17(22.37％ ) ascites bacteria positive detected by PCR-microarray,and 6(7.89％ ) ascites bacteria positive detected by bacterial culture.The positive rates of former were much higher(x2 =18.05,P ＜0.01).In groups with and without antibiotics,the positive rates of bacterial detection with PCR-microarray were 19.35％ and 24.44％ respectirely,there was no statistical difference between the two groups( x2 =0.274,P ＞ 0.05) ; and the positive rates of bacterial detection with bacterial culture were 0(0/31 ) and 13.33％(6/45) respectively,there was statistical difference between the two groups(x2 =4.488,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Compared to the ascites bacterial culture,less influence is found in ascites bacteria detection with 16S rRNA PCR-microarray in patients with SBP after treatment with antibiotics.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the significance of determining ascitic bacterial 16S rRNA by quantitative PCR combined with microarray (PCR-microarray) in the diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP).METHODS:Ascitic bacterial 16SrRNA was determined by real time fluorescent quantitative PCR-microarray in 76 cases of suspected SBP and 6 cases of non-infectious ascites with chronic liver diseases. The results were compared with ascitic bacterial culture simultaneously.RESULTS:Of 76 ascitic samples, 17 were detected bacteria positive by PCR-microarray, including 8 Grams positive(G+) and 9 Grams negative(G-), which was higher than that by bacterial culture which had only 6 ascitic samples detected positive (all G-); the positive rates were 22.4% vs 7.9%, respectively (P < 0.01). The bacterial strains detected by both methods in 6 cases had a consistency with each other. No bacteria were detected in another 6 cases of non-infectious ascites with chronic liver diseases.CONCLUSIONS:Determination of ascitic bacteria 16S rRNA by PCR-microarray has a higher specificity and sensitivity in the diagnosis of SBP as compared with the bacteria culture. Application of this novel method can not only accelerate SBP diagnosis but also stratify the different pathogens.

Antiviral therapy is regarded as the key of chronic hepatitis B treatment. In terms of virology, biochemics and histology, no matter nucleoside/nucleotide analogues are used in monotherapy or combination therapy, these medicines can benefit all the patients, whose HBeAg are positive or negative. However, the drug-resistance occurs frequently in the long-term application, limiting its clinic effects. This thesis aims to give general introduction of the current status of chronic hepatitis B treatment with nucleoside/nucleotide analogues by monotherapy and combination therapy.

Objective To evaluate clinical applications on the quantitative PCR detection of ascitic bacterial 16S rRNA genes in the diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis with non-neutrophil ascites. Methods The bacterial 16S rRNA was detected by quantitative fluorescent PCR in 64 cases of suspected spontaneous bacterial peritonitis with nonneutrophil ascites, 6 cases of chronic liver disease accompanied with non-infected ascites at the same time period, as compared to the ascitic bacterial culture. Results Bacterial 16S rRNA quantitative PCR can detect DNA duplicate as low as 10 copies. The rate of detectable bacterial 16S rRNA by quantitative PCR( 15.63% ) was significantly higher than the rate of positive bacterial culture (3.13% ) ( x2 = 5.52, P ＜ 0.05 ); and 6 cases of non-infected ascites were negative analyzed by quantitative fluorescent PCR and bacterial cultures. Conclusions The ascitic bacterial 16S rRNA quantitative PCR detection is high specificity and sensitivity for the diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis with non-neutrophils ascites, whtich is of important clinical significance.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the value of ascitic bacterial 16S rRNA gene determination in the rapid diagnosis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP).METHODS:16S rRNA gene from bacterial DNA in ascites was determined by quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 76 patients with suspected SBP and 6 patients with non-infectious ascites. The results were compared with those obtained from bacterial culture.RESULTS:The positive rate of SBP was 22.4% among patients detected with ascitic bacterial 16S rRNA gene determination-based quantitative fluorescent PCR, which was significantly higher than that (7.9%) in patients only received bacterial culture (P<0.05). In addition,in 6 patients with non-infectious ascites,both the 16S rRNA gene determination-based quantitative fluorescent PCR and bacterial culture showed negative results.CONCLUSIONS:16S rRNA gene determination-based quantitative fluorescent PCR can be an effective tool for the rapid diagnosis of SBP. It is more sensitive than the bacterial culture.

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis(SBP) is one of the serious complications in patients with decompensated hepatic cirrhosis which is dedicated to a high mortality. It is critical to accurate diagnosis and application of antibiotics, which reduces mortality of SBP. However, traditional methods of detecting bacteria in ascites are low sensitive and less efficient. Currently, allow with the development of many other laboratory diagnostic methods, diagnosis of SBP is more quick and sensitive. This paper will summarize the progression in application of laboratory diagnostic methods for SBP diagnosis.