Purpose:To describe the visual and anatomic outcomes after being lost to follow-up (LTFU) among patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) that treated by intravitreal anti-VEGF therapies, and to determine the risk factors of persistent vision loss. Design:A retrospective cohort study using national registry data. Participants:A total of 5660 patients who were LTFU >6 months after anti-VEGF treatments from April 2020 through July 2024. Methods:Visual and anatomic outcomes at the visit before being LTFU, the return visit, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after return, and the final visit were collected. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of risk factors for persistent vision loss. Main Outcome Measures:Visual acuity (VA) and central foveal thickness (CFT). Results:After a mean LTFU period of 11.3 months, 2712 (47.9%) patients had vision decline at return visit. Identified risk factors included increasing age (45-64 years vs. ≤44 years: OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.07-1.56; P = 0.007; ≥65 years vs. ≤44 years: OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.15-1.72; P = 0.001), being treated in less developed regions (OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.08-1.34; P = 0.001), better baseline VA (20/50-20/200 vs. worse than 20/200: OR, 3.20; 95% CI, 2.67-3.83; P < 0.001; 20/40 or better vs. worse than 20/200: OR, 5.89; 95% CI, 4.86-7.12; P < 0.001), and being LTFU for >12 months (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.09-1.37; P = 0.001). A total of 792 patients returned with worsened vision and underwent ≥12 months of follow-up after resuming therapies. After a mean follow-up time of 17.3 months, 522 (65.9%) patients had persistent vision loss. Central foveal thickness presented paralleled changes with VA. Odds of persistent vision loss were greater among patients with VA of 20/40 or better before being LTFU (OR, 2.54; 95% CI, 1.25-5.15; P = 0.010) or having CFT of 350μm or more at return (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.15-2.16; P = 0.005). In retreatment, odds of persistent vision loss were lower for patients who switched anti-VEGF agents (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.45-0.84; P = 0.002) after return. Conclusions:Nearly half of the patients had vision decline after being LTFU, and after resuming therapies, vision loss still persisted in 2 of 3 patients. Clinical adherence should be strengthened for patients with baseline VA of 20/40 or better or having CFT of 350 μm or more at return. Multiple agents used were associated with vision recovery. Financial Disclosures:Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.

AIM: To investigate the effect of intravitreal injection of dexamethasone (DEX) implants on the corneal morphology of young adults with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). METHODS: This was a retrospective study. The information of all patients was collected from the hospital information system. Patients diagnosed with CRVO were included. Corneal morphometric analysis was performed 1, 3, 6, and 12mo after the intravitreal injection of DEX. Corneal endothelial cell density (ECD), hexagonal cell ratio (HEX), and coefficient of variation (CV), central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber angle (ACA), and anterior chamber volume (ACV) were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean age of the 80 patients (80 eyes) with CRVO was 33.10±3.26y. The mean disease duration was 4.94±2.12mo. The ECDs before and 1, 3, 6, and 12mo after DEX injection were 2718.22±333.14, 2692.74±324.84, 2577.55±365.27, 2624.30±345.53 cells/mm², and 2604.00±321.19 cells/mm², respectively. No difference was found in ECD at 1, 6, and 12mo after the injection compared with baselines. The ECD of patients was lower than baseline at three months (P<0.05), whereas the HEX and CV were not statistically significant compared with baseline (P>0.05). At the 12-month follow-up, a trend toward a decrease was observed in the CCT compared with baselines among the enrolled patients, but without significant difference (P>0.05). The parameters of the anterior chamber (ACD, ACA, and ACV) did not change significantly compared with baselines (P>0.05). No significant difference was found in corneal morphology between single and repeated DEX implant injections. CONCLUSION: In young adults with CRVO, intravitreal injection of DEX can temporarily decrease ECD. However, the remaining corneal endothelial morphological characteristics and anterior chamber parameters are unaffected.

BACKGROUND/AIMS:To identify sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) restoration at the visit after lost to follow-up (LTFU) in patients with myopic choroidal neovascularization (mCNV) treated with antivascular endothelial growth factor intravitreal injections (IVI). METHODS:A multicentre, retrospective cohort study was conducted in China of mCNV patients receiving injections who were LTFU >6 months. Data were collected from baseline visit, pre-LTFU, initial post-LTFU visit and 6 months post-LTFU, and the final visit. Logistic regression analyses assessed associations between sociodemographic/clinical factors and BCVA restoration. RESULTS:The study included 1155 LTFU patients with mCNV (mean (SD) age: 54 (16) years; 61.6% female), with 66.6% achieving BCVA restoration at the initial post-LTFU visit after LTFU (mean(SD) duration: 315 (154) days. Patients with BCVA restoration were younger (p=0.004), more often from eastern China (p=0.022), and had shorter LTFU duration (p=0.013). Stratification by pre-LTFU BCVA showed that patients with BCVA ≥20/40 had lower restoration odds (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.96; p=0.032) compared with those with BCVA <20/200. BCVA decline was associated with increased central subfield thickness(CST) (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.01; p=0.004). Among 223 patients with ≥6 months post-LTFU, those with initial post-LTFU CST >280 µm had higher BCVA restoration odds (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.02 to 3.92; p=0.046). CONCLUSIONS:Better pre-LTFU BCVA (≥20/40) increased post-LTFU deterioration risk (associated with progressive CST thickening), while elevated post-LTFU CST (>280 µm) predicted higher BCVA restoration odds in patients with sustained follow-up, supporting CST-guided monitoring and early intervention for high-risk groups.

We report a case of a 26-year-old male patient who was diagnosed with morning glory syndrome (MGS) in his right eye through a series of specialist examinations. At the time of consultation, the patient had already experienced retinal detachment in his right eye. The fundus of the right eye showed a 360° grayish-white elevation of the entire retina, with an enlarged optic disc approximately 4-5 times the normal size, featuring a central funnel-like deep depression. The surface of the optic disc was covered with grayish-white glial tissue, and elevated ridges with pigmentation were visible around the disc. Several straight vessels radiated from the edge of the optic disc, making it difficult to distinguish between arteries and veins. A comprehensive preoperative fundus examination failed to uncover any conclusive retinal tears. We performed a 25-gauge vitrectomy through the pars plana, and during the surgery, a small retinal tear was found at the nasal edge of the optic disc. After air-fluid exchange, laser photocoagulation of the retina was performed around the edge of the optic disc, followed by injection of 14% C3F8 gas. One month postoperatively, the gas was completely absorbed, and after a six-month follow-up, the retina was well-repositioned.

Background Iridoschisis is a rare condition that primarily affects individuals aged 60–70 years. The predominant characteristics of iridoschisis involve the tissue splitting and separation of the iris stromal layers, often resulting in two distinct layers and the presence of floating fibers in the anterior chamber. This article reports the case of a 48-year-old male with iridoschisis with partial lens dislocation in both eyes. Case presentation Trauma is the leading factor in the development of iridoschisis. However, there is no documented case of ocular trauma in the patient’s medical history. Visible white atrophic fibers were observed bilaterally in the anterior iris stroma of both eyes of the individual, accompanied by a small quantity of iris tissue within the anterior chamber. In this instance, the magnitude of the iridoschisis corresponded with the degree of lens dislocation. We were apprised that the patient had regularly used a cervical massager for a prolonged period of time, positioning it upon the ocular region. Frequent stimulation of both eyes with excessive force resulted in the development of iridoschisis and the partial dislocation of the lens.During the initial surgical procedure, phacoemulsification (Phaco) was carried out on the left eye without the placement of an intraocular lens (IOL). Following a two-month interval, we proceeded with the IOL suspension. Subsequently, the right eye underwent Phaco, accompanied by the implantation of an IOL. After closely monitoring the patient’s progress for two months, it was evident that their vision had significantly improved, substantiating the success of the surgical interventions. Conclusions This finding posits that the recurrent friction applied to both eyes may induce iridoschisis and various ocular complications. In the event of ocular intricacies manifesting, expeditious medical intervention becomes imperative.

AIM:To investigate the efficacy of modified silicone oil removal combined with scleral buckling in the treatment of patients with retinal detachment under silicone oil tamponade. METHODS:The retrospective study included a total of 14 patients(14 eyes)who underwent treatment for retinal detachment with silicone oil tamponade at our hospital between January 2021 and February 2023.The modified silicon oil extraction combined with scleral buckling procedure was employed.A self-made 23-gauge suction device was applied in the silicon oil extraction,which involved removing the needle from a disposable blood transfusion set,trimming it to 2.5-3.0 mm near the beveled end,and connecting the other end to a 10 mL syringe without the plunger.The opposite end of the syringe was connected to the negative pressure system of the vitreous cutter to accomplish the silicon oil removal.Scleral compression blocks in scleral buckling surgery using a homemade composite device.No additional silicon oil was injected after the procedure.Follow-up was conducted for 6 mo,assessing retinal reattachment,best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),intraocular pressure,and complications. RESULTS:At the 6 mo follow-up,the retina was completely reset in 13 eyes,with a retinal reset rate of 93％,and an improvement in BCVA(LogMAR)compared with the preoperative period(0.95±0.18 vs1.15±0.21,P=0.002).Transient high IOP occurred in 6 eyes at 1 d postoperatively and returned to normal after medication control.There were no intraoperative complications such as retinal hemorrhage,retinal incarceration,or iatrogenic retinal breaks,and no postoperative complications such as endophthalmitis or choroidal detachment. CONCLUSIONS:Modified silicone oil removal combined with scleral buckling can effectively treat retinal detachment in the silicone oil tamponade and induce retinal reattachment.

病例1：患者，男，46岁，以"右眼被铁渣击伤8 d"为主诉入院。2021年1月24日10时患者不慎被铁渣击伤右眼，即感眼球疼痛、视物不见，伴血性液体流出，当地医院急诊行"右眼球破裂伤修补术"7 d后转入我院。眼部检查：右眼视力光感，眼压7 mmHg（1 mmHg=0.133 kPa），球结膜混合充血，角膜10：00—6：00可见一斜形裂伤口，长约7 mm，缝线在位，颞上方及鼻下方周边前房深度1/2CT，余前房消失，瞳孔欠圆，虹膜后粘连，晶状体皮质溢出，向后窥不入；左眼未见异常。眼眶CT示：右眼球内异物（见图1A）。入院诊断：①右眼球内异物；②右眼外伤性白内障；③右眼创伤性脉络膜脱离。治疗：术中切除晶状体和玻璃体后，见全视网膜呈灰白色隆起，1、5、7点位不规则小裂孔形成，黄斑区上方视网膜变性，视盘下方视网膜可见一金属异物嵌顿，异物为铁质，大小10 mm×4 mm（见图1B），异物周围视网膜裂开，导光辅助眼内圈套器（见图2）将异物自视网膜上拔出，注入重水保护后极部视网膜，行角膜缘切口，圈套器将异物自角膜缘切口送出，间断缝合角膜缘切口，行裂孔处激光光凝，注入硅油5 ml，术后2个月复查视力为光感，术后半年复查视力为指数/1 m。

We performed a retrospective, observational study of 51 eyes in 51 treatment-naïve patients with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV), whose lesion ranged within the 6 × 6 mm scope of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). The patients were divided into an ill-defined group and a well-defined group based on the pattern of branching vascular network (BVN) on OCTA. BVN morphology was not related to baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). However, the BCVA in the ill-defined BVN group (−0.18 [interquartile range: −0.40 to 0.00]) was significantly improved after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injections, compared with that (0.00 [interquartile range: −0.18 to 0.00]) in the well-defined group (z = 2.143, p = 0.032). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that male sex, fewer injections, and the presence of polypoidal lesions on OCTA images at baseline predicted a poor prognosis in patients with polypoidal lesions on OCTA images after anti-VEGF therapy (all p < 0.05). Finally, BCVA at baseline and the number of injections were protective factors for BCVA after anti-VEGF therapy (all p < 0.05). In contrast, a history of hypertension and macular edema at baseline were risk factors for BCVA after anti-VEGF injections (all p < 0.05). Our results revealed the visual and morphological prognosis of patients with active subfoveal circumscribed PCV after anti-VEGF therapy.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the changes in choroidal thickness and axial length after orthokeratology in adolescents with low-to-moderate myopia and to explore the relationship between choroidal thickness and axial length variation. METHODS:Thirty eyes with low-to-moderate myopia were retrospectively studied, and optometric data were collected before and after 6 months of continuous orthokeratology. Axial length and choroidal and foveal thicknesses were measured using optical biometry and enhanced depth imaging-spectral domain optical coherence tomography, respectively. RESULTS:Axial length in the low myopia group increased ( P <0.001) after 6 months of orthokeratology, and the variation was greater than that in the moderate myopia group ( P <0.05). The subfoveal choroidal thickness in low and moderate myopia groups increased ( P <0.01), and the variation was greater in the moderate myopia group ( P <0.05). Choroidal thickness in all seven measured spots increased, with the variation of subfovea, nasal 1 mm to fovea, and temporal 1 mm to fovea being statistically significant ( P <0.001, P <0.05, and P <0.05). The change in axial length was negatively associated with subfoveal and average choroidal thicknesses ( P <0.01). CONCLUSION:Adolescents with moderate myopia presented better axial length control after 6 months of orthokeratology. The choroidal thickness of low and moderate myopic eyes increased, and the variation was more significant in moderate myopic eyes. The axial length control effects can be associated with an increase in the subfoveal and average choroidal thickness.

AIM: To compare the retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)thickness in Uyghur patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome(PEX)or pseudoexfoliative glaucoma(PEXG)and to provide a theoretical basis for the early diagnosis of PEXG.METHODS: A retrospective case-control study was conducted. A total of 70 cases(70 eyes)of Uyghur PEX patients, 80 cases(80 eyes)of PEXG patients, and 60 cases(60 eyes)of age-related cataract patients who were admitted to our hospital from April 2018 to June 2020 were selected as the PEX group, PEXG group, and CON group, respectively. The PEXG group was further divided into mild-to-moderate stage(56 eyes)and severe stage(24 eyes)based on the stage of visual field defect, and the RNFL thickness at different locations of the optic disc was analyzed.RESULTS: The mean defect(MD)gradually increased in the CON group, PEX group, and PEXG group, and it was significantly higher in PEXG group than that in the PEX group(P<0.01). The RNFL thickness at different locations of the optic disc in the PEX group, mild-to-moderate stage PEXG group, and severe-stage PEXG group was thinner than that in the CON group(all P<0.01). The mean RNFL thickness, as well as the RNFL thickness below and above the optic disc, were lower in the PEX group than in the CON group(all P<0.01). The RNFL thickness at all locations of the optic disc in the severe-stage PEXG group was significantly lower than that in the mild-to-moderate stage PEXG group(all P<0.01).CONCLUSION: The RNFL thickness in Uyghur patients with PEX begins to be thinner than those without pseudoexfoliation syndrome, and early detection of RNFL thickness in PEX patients is helpful for the diagnosis and early treatment of PEXG.

目的 探析黄斑前膜撕除术联合25G玻璃体切除术治疗对特发性黄斑前膜(IMEM)患者最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、对比敏感度及黄斑中心凹厚度(CMT)的影响.方法 选取我院2015年12月—2018年2月收治的90例IMEM,根据手术方法的不同分为观察组(45例,45眼)和对照组(45例,45眼),对照组给予黄斑前膜撕除术治疗,观察组给予黄斑前膜撕除术联合25G玻璃体切除术治疗.比较2组手术前后BCVA、各空间频率对比敏感度、CMT变化及术中、术后并发症发生情况.结果 术后2组BCVA优于术前,且观察组优于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01).术后2组CMT低于术前,且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01).术后2组各空间频率对比敏感度均升高,观察组各空间频率对比敏感度均显著高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01).2组并发症总发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 黄斑前膜撕除术联合25G玻璃体切除术能够提高IMEM患者视力和对比敏感度,减轻黄斑水肿.

BACKGROUND:Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are important retinal neurons that connect visual receptors to the brain, and lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is implicated in the development of RGCs. This study expounded the mechanism of LSD1 in oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-induced pyroptosis of RGCs.METHODS:Mouse RGCs underwent OGD/R exposure, and then RGC viability was examined using the cell counting kit-8 method. The mRNA levels of Caspase 1, the protein levels of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3), N-terminal fragment of gasdermin D (GSDMD-N), and cleaved-Caspase1, and the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 were respectively examined. Subsequently, LSD1 expression was intervened to explore the underlying effect of LSD1 on OGD/R-induced pyroptosis of RGCs. Afterwards, the enrichments of LSD1 and histone H3 lysine 4 methylation (H3K4me) 1/2 on the microRNA (miR)-21-5p promoter were determined using chromatin-immunoprecipitation assay. And the binding interaction between miR-21-5p and NLRP12 was detected using dual-luciferase and RNA pull-down assays. Finally, the effects of miR-21-5p/NLRP12 on LSD1-mediated pyroptosis of RGCs were verified through functional rescue experiments.RESULTS:OGD/R treatment increased pyroptosis of RGCs and LSD1 expression. Silencing LSD1 declined levels of Caspase 1 mRNA, NLRP3, GSDMD-N, cleaved-Caspase1, IL-1β, and IL-18 and limited pyroptosis of OGD/R-treated RGCs. Mechanically, LSD1 suppressed miR-21-5p expression via demethylation of H3K4me2 on the miR-21-5p promoter to hamper the binding of miR-21-5p to NLRP12, and thereby increased NLRP12 expression. Silencing miR-21-5p or overexpressing NLRP12 facilitated OGD/R-induced pyroptosis of RGCs.CONCLUSION:LSD1-mediated demethylation of H3K4me2 decreased miR-21-5p expression to increase NLRP12 expression, promoting pyroptosis of OGD/R-treated RGCs.

Objective:To observe the changes of visual acuity and fixation properties of eyes with idiopathic macular hole (IMH) before and after surgery.Methods:A prospective clinical study. From September 2019 to December 2020, 25 patients with 25 eyes of IMH diagnosed in Department of Ophthalmology of The Fourth People's Hospital of Shenyang were included in the study. All patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined with internal limiting membrane stripping. All eyes underwent best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), and microperimetry before and after surgery. The BCVA examination was carried out using the Snellen visual acuity chart, which was converted into logarithmic minimum resolution angle (logMAR) visual acuity during statistics. The 12° macular sensitivity (MS) and bivariate contour ellipse area (BCEA) were measured by MP-3 microperimetry. The minimum diameter (MIN) and base diameter (BASE) of the macular hole were measured by OCT; the distance between the preferred retinal location (PRL) and the center of the fovea was measured by Image-proplus 6.0 image processing software. At 1 and 3 months follow-up after surgery, the same equipment and methods as before surgery were used to conduct related examinations. The changes of BCVA, PRL distance from the fovea, MS, BCEA, and macular hole shape before and after surgery were compared and observed. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the indicators before and after surgery. Pearson correlation analysis was used for the correlation between BCVA and preoperative BCVA, PRL and foveal center distance at 3 months after surgery. The correlation between MIN, BCVA, PRL and foveal center before surgery distance, MS, BCEA and BCVA at 3 months after surgery were analyzed by multiple linear regression.Results:Among 25 eyes of 25 cases, 1 male had 1 eye, and 24 females had 24 eyes. The macular hole in stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ were 11 eyes and 14 eyes, respectively. MIN and BASE were 537.68±200.09 and 905.48±278.79 μm, respectively. One month after surgery, the hiatus was closed. Before surgery and 1 and 3 months after surgery, the logMAR BCVA of the affected eyes were 0.80±0.17, 0.70±0.21, 0.60±0.25, and the MS were 22.20±3.86, 23.60±3.14, 24.38±2.68 dB, the distances between PRL and the center of the fovea were 537.72±426.05, 402.00±395.06, 236.80±219.54 μm, and BCEA were 7.90±3.43, 6.40±2.67, 4.80±2.32 deg 2. Compared with before operation, BCVA ( F=7.047, 20.104) and MS ( F=1.980, 5.390) were significantly improved at different time after operation, the distance between PRL and fovea center ( F=1.265, 9.530), BCEA ( F=2.762, 13.617) were decreased, the difference were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The results of correlation analysis showed that BCVA at 3 months after surgery was significantly associated with preoperative MIN ( r=0.810), BASE ( r=0.664), BCVA before surgery and 1 month after surgery ( r=0.854, 0.940), preoperative and surgical MS at 1 month after surgery ( r=-0.548, -0.578), distance between PRL and foveal center before surgery and at 1 month after surgery ( r=0.833, 0.915), BCEA before surgery and at 1 month after surgery ( r=0.636, 0.732) were significantly correlated ( P<0.05). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the distance between PRL and foveal center before surgery and BCVA were risk factors for poor prognosis of BCVA at 3 months after surgery. Conclusions:The BCVA and MS of eyes with IMH are significantly improved after surgery, and the distance between PRL and foveal center and BCEA decreased. BCVA, PRL and foveal center distance before surgery are risk factors for poor visual acuity after surgery.

The retinal vascular endothelial cells can be damaged by oxidative stress even in the early stage of diabetic retinopathy (DR). This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of curcumin on the rat retinal vascular endothelial cells (RRVECs) in high glucose circumstance. The cultured RRVECs were identified and characterized by both of vWF and CD31 immunofluorescence expression. The activation of ROS/NF-κB signal pathway was examined by electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA), immunohistochemistry and Western blot; the apoptosis of RRVECs was tested by flow cytometry. We found that curcumin reduced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and relieved the apoptosis in RRVECs exposed to the high glucose by flow cytometry. It was revealed that the increased activity of NF-κB and phosphorylated NF-κB in RRVECs induced by high glucose concentration was significantly suppressed by curcumin. We concluded that curcumin could suppress the oxidative stress via regulation of NF-κB signal to protect the RRVECs in DR.

Background: Idiopathic macular holes are common ophthalmic manifestations with unknown pathogenesis. Thus far, there has been minimal research regarding the causes of idiopathic macular holes, especially with respect to the underlying immune mechanism. To provide clarity regarding the treatment and prognosis of idiopathic macular holes, specifically regarding the levels of cytokines in affected patients, this study examined and analyzed multiple cytokine levels in aqueous humor from patients with idiopathic macular holes.Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study included 38 patients in two groups: a cataract control group (n=17) and an idiopathic macular hole group (n=21). The levels of 48 cytokines in aqueous humor were detected by multiplex analysis with antibody-coupled magnetic beads. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov test was used to check whether the data were normally distributed; Student’s t-test and the Mann–Whitney U test were used to assess differences in cytokine levels between the two groups. Spearman correlation analysis was used to assess relationships among cytokine levels in the experimental group. Signaling pathways containing cytokines with significantly different expression in the experimental group were identified.Results: There were significant differences in aqueous humor cytokine levels between patients with idiopathic macular holes and patients in the cataract control group. Notably, hepatocyte growth factor (p=0.0001), GM-CSF (p=0.0111), and IFN-γ (p=0.0120) were significantly upregulated in the experimental group, while TNF-α (p=0.0032), GRO-α (p<0.0001), and MIF (p<0.0001) were significantly downregulated in the experimental group. Furthermore, the GM-CSF level showed significant positive correlations with levels of IL-1 (r=0.67904, p<0.001), IL-4 (r=0.76017, p<0.001), and IFN-γ (r=0.59922, p=0.004097) in the experimental group. Moreover, the levels of nerve growth factor and hepatocyte growth factor showed a significant positive correlation (r=0.64951, p=0.001441) in the experimental group.Conclusions: Patients with idiopathic macular holes showed significant variation in aqueous humor immune response after the onset of hole formation, including the recruitment of immune cells and regulation of cytokine expression. Our findings also suggest that it is not appropriate to use patients with macular holes as the control group in studies of aqueous humor cytokine levels in ophthalmic diseases.

Background Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is affected by both genetics and environmental factors. CDKN2B-AS1 polymorphisms have been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of POAG. However, the results of the genetic associations between the CDKN2B-AS1 polymorphisms and POAG risk were inconclusive. Aims This study aimed to evaluate the correlation of CDKN2B-AS1 polymorphisms and POAG susceptibility using a meta-analysis. Methods Meta-analysis was performed by searching PubMed, Web of science, the Cochrane database of system reviews, CNKI, and Embase databases. The relationship of CDKN2B-AS1 rs4977756, rs10120688, rs2157719, and rs7049105 polymorphisms and POAG risk was evaluated by the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Eleven studies with 8290 cases and 13,485 controls were included in the present meta-analysis. The alleles of rs4977756 and rs10120688 significantly increased the risk of POAG (rs4977756: OR = 1.20, 95%CI = 1.03–1.39, p = 0.02; rs10120688: OR = 1.36, 95%CI = 1.29–1.44, p < 0.00001). As for ethnicity, rs4977756 polymorphism significantly increased POAG risk in Caucasians (OR = 1.33, 95%CI = 1.12–1.57, p = 0.0009), but not in Asians. In addition, the rs2157719 allele was significantly associated with POAG risk in Asians (OR = 0.66, 95%CI = 0.55–0.80, p < 0.0001), but not in Caucasians ( p > 0.05). Conclusions The CDKN2B-AS1 rs4977756 might increase the POAG risk in Caucasian population, and rs2157719 might decrease the POAG risk in Asian population, while rs10120688 might increase the risk of POAG.

目的:探索新疆地区维吾尔族假性剥脱综合征（PEX）、剥脱性青光眼（PEXG）、原发性开角型青光眼（POAG）及年龄相关性白内障患者眼前节参数的差异。方法:采用回顾性研究方法，选取2019年4月至2020年7月在中国人民解放军新疆军区总医院全军眼科中心就诊治疗的PEX患者84例（114只眼）、PEXG患者70例（96只眼）、POAG患者72例（88只眼）以及性别、年龄相匹配的年龄相关性白内障患者（对照，CON）80例（80只眼）进行研究，均为维吾尔族，分析各组患者角膜中央厚度（CCT）、前房深度（ACD）、晶状体厚度（LT）、眼轴长度（AL）、角膜曲率（水平曲率K1及垂直曲率K2）等眼前节参数的差异。结果:CON、PEX、PEXG及POAG组患者性别比例及年龄比较，差异均无统计学意义（ P均> 0.05）。CON、PEX、PEXG及POAG组患者CCT分别为（545.52 ± 34.22）、（536.81 ± 42.64）、（516.74 ± 32.39）、（530.38 ± 28.72）μm，CON、PEX及POAG组患者均高于PEXG组（ P均< 0.05），PEXG组CCT变薄；CON、PEX、PEXG及POAG组患者ACD分别为（3.05 ± 0.38）、（2.87 ± 0.36）、（2.77 ± 0.41）、（2.81 ± 0.32）mm，与CON组比较，PEX、PEXG及POAG组患者ACD均较低（ P均< 0.05）；各组患者间LT、AL、K1及K2比较差异均无统计学意义（ P均> 0.05）。 结论:新疆地区维吾尔族PEX患者ACD较CON组更浅，但PEXG患者CCT较PEX患者更薄。

目的:观察比较巩膜扣带术(SB)与玻璃体切割术(PPV)治疗孔源性视网膜脱离(RRD)的临床疗效及术后并发症分析.方法:回顾性选取2019年6月至2021年1月于本院眼科行手术治疗的93例(93只眼)RRD患者的临床资料,其中41例(41只眼)患者行SB设为SB组,其余52例(52只眼)患者行PPV设为PPV组.术后随访3个月,观察两组患者视网膜复位情况、最佳矫正视力情况(BCVA)及并发症发生情况.结果:两组视网膜裂孔数目、位置、类型、视网膜脱离范围及特殊视网膜脱落情况比较具有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后3个月,PPV组视网膜复位良好率为90.38％,略高于SB组78.05％,但组间比较无统计学意义(P>0.05);PPV组和SB组患者治疗前后BCVA差值比较无统计学意义(P>0.05);PPV组并发症发生率为42.31％,SB组并发症发生率为11.90％,组间比较具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:SB和PPV治疗RRD患者临床疗效差异不明显,两种手术方法各有利弊,应根据病情做出合适选择.针对复杂病例,宜选择P P V;对于年轻或独眼等特殊群体,应优选SB.