记录了云南思茅太阳河自然保护区2个红头咬鹃巢的繁殖.红头咬鹃的巢位于枯树干侧面的洞中,窝卵数2～3枚.红外相机监测记录显示,雌、雄亲鸟均参与孵卵,雄鸟白天孵卵,时间较短,雌鸟从傍晚至次日上午孵卵,时间较长.雏鸟孵出后,主要由雌鸟在巢中暖雏,雄鸟送回食物.2个巢均未繁殖成功.

Diospyros caloneura C.Y.Wu var.caiyangheenesis F.Du et X.W.Zhao was found in 1990s, and firstly reported in the book of Caiyanghe Nature Reserve(2003).For its narrow distribution area and rare numbers, it was determined as one of the 62 extremely small population plant species in Yunnan Province in 2009.But it was not validly published as a new taxon.In this paper, the collected specimens were taxonomic studied.Diospyros caloneura C.Y.Wu var.caiyangheenesis F.Du et X.W.Zhao was determined as a new variety of Diospyros caloneura C.Y.Wu.The new variety differs from Diospyros caloneura C.Y.Wu by the characteristics of the male peduncles' length 4-9mm, female peduncles' length to 4cm, the bracts of male flowers length to 8mm, the female flowers have 8 staminodes, fruits slightly oblate and 1.5-2cm in diam.

Lashihai,a RAMSAR wetland,is a famous plateau lake and wintenng place tor migratory bircts in me northwest of Yunnan Province.In order to understand the changes of waterfowl and their habitat in Lashihai wetland,the linetransect survey had been conducted during the winter season (November to March) of 2013,2014 and 2016.The results show that a total of 45 species of waterfowl,belonging to 15 families 11 orders,were recorded in winter,in which 9 species were resident and 36 were migratory birds.The population of Rallidae in Gruiformes is the largest,accounted for 90.08％ of all.The maximum population of waterfowl recorded on a single-day was over 130 000.Among them,one species was the national first-grade protected bird and four species were the national second-grade protected bird.The Fulica atra was dominant species,and Gallinula chloropus,Anser anser and Anas strepera were common species.Both the annual average population and species number of waterfowl in Lashihai wetland were increased over years,and the variance-analysis show that the change of species number among years was significant (P＜0.001).The population and species number of waterfowl both reached the peak in February;the monthly mean diversity index H was increasing month by month.The factors potentially influencing waterfowl of Lashihai include the decrease of feeding sites and the increase of tourism activities.Up to now,the tourism projects and routes have not directly threatened the waterfowl.In conclusion,the quality of waterfowl's habitats in Lashihai has been maintained,but the conservation of major protected species needs more attention and research.Suggestions for waterfowl monitoring and habitats protection in Lashihai have been put forward,which would also provide reference for waterfowl conservation in other areas.

Objective]To study the habitat and population structure of Eleutharrhena macrocarpa,an endangered plant species in China.[Method]The stand parameters,community characteristics,habitat characteristics,popu-lation and regeneration of Eleutharrhena macrocarpa were investigated on five plots (20 m ×20 m).On each plot, the species,height,and DBH (diameter at breast height)of all individuals with the height (or length)≥1.3 m were recorded.[Result]The mean height,mean DBH,basal areas,and density of E.macrocarpa community were 11.98 m,15.13 cm,41.42 m2 ·hm -2 ,and 1 205 stem·hm -2 ,respectively.The species richness was 35.2 and the community types were tropical rainforest and monsoon evergreen broad -leaved forest.The species richness and abundance showed a single peak curve with DBH and height increasing.The maximum values of species richness and abundance all appeared in the second DBH and height classes.In the same time,it was also found that the spe-cies and stems distributed in the fifth height classes and the sixth DBH classes.The E.macrocarpa mainly distribu-ted at 1 107 m m a.s.l.,abrupt slope,shady slope and the bottom part of slope.The canopy density was only 76%and some naked rocks and the neutral and rich nutrient soil existed in the habitat of E.macrocarpa.The position of E.macrocarpa habitat was very near to the river (only 31 m).Twenty-eight stems were found in five plots and dis-tributed in nineteen subplots,only one stem existed in most of subplots.The mean length,mean basal diameter, mean DBH were 2.39 m,0.74 cm,and 0.41 cm,respectively.Only three seedlings,about 10.71% of total E. macrocarpa stems,were found in all plots.[Conclusion]The community types are tropical rainforest and monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest in the habitat of E.macrocarpa,which have the higher and bigger trees.Single peak curve is the mainly distribution type of species richness and abundance among different DBH and height classes. The environment is characterized by high temperature and high humidity.The soil nutrient is also high.Twenty-eight stems of E.macrocarpa distributed in nineteen subplots,one stem in one subplot is the mainly distribution type.The amount of E.macrocarpa seedling is low and regeneration is limited.

A new research summary and a recent study target of the endangered plant species,Eleutharrhe-namacrocarpa (Diels)Forman,with extremely small populations,is presented,which include its taxo-nomic history,systematics study value,the natural populations,the biodiversity conservation status,the floristic distribution,type specimens determination and the latest research progress.Two new photo-graphs and six type specimens of E.macrocarpa are also provided.The purpose of this paper is to provide more accurate information for further study to this species.

In order to know the dynamic change of biodiversity in Pu'er National Park and the influence of construction projects and human activity on biodiversity , the biodiversity monitoring programme was carried out from 2014 to 2015 to study the vegetation, wild plants, beasts, birds, amphibians, environ-mental factors and invasive species , which made a preliminary monitoring achievement , established a long-term scientific monitoring network and system , improved the informatization and digitization con-struction of national park .

根据云南太阳河省级自然保护区综合科学考察成果,运用保护行动规划(CAP)理论和方法,分析确定了保护区主要保护对象和关键威胁因子,并采用参与式的方法,对主要保护对象威胁因子重要性进行分级排序,提出了保护目标和保护行动对策.

对云南太阳河省级自然保护区弃耕地上人工造林后1年生和3年生时的西南桦林地进行样地调查,分析其物种组成、群落结构及物种多样性变化.结果表明:西南桦适应能力强,生长快,人工造林成活率高,3年生西南桦人工林内共出现木本植物34个,且已经开始出现较多的季风常绿阔叶林的乔木物种,如杯状栲、红梗润楠、云南黄杞、思茅蒲桃等;而草本植物物种变化相对较小,但白茅与肿柄菊的相对盖度在降低.3年生时季风常绿阔叶林群落的外貌特征比1年生时要明显些,乔木层已开始出现;3年生时物种丰富度和Shannon-Wiener指数要显著高于1年生时.

2014年10月,在云南省普洱市思茅区、宁洱县等地多次发现集群的家麻雀(Passer domesticus),雌雄混群.雄鸟羽色与麻雀(P.montanus)相似,眼先、颏、喉部黑色,颊部灰白色,后颈部和颈侧栗褐色,翅上具两道淡色翼斑,下体棕白色.但家麻雀的雄鸟额部、头项及枕部灰色,耳部无黑色斑块,上胸部黑色,与麻雀明显不同.

指出了作为森林最重要的人为干扰方式 ,采伐影响森林群落结构.通过分析森林采伐方式和强度对更新、群落演替、生物多样性、土壤、生境条件及养分含量等方面的影响 ,探讨了森林采伐对群落结构的影响 ,从而为制定林业远景规划及合理的森林经营措施提供科学依据.

拉市海保护区水系属金沙江水系，汇集了保护区境内境外大片森林地段的小溪，水源丰富，流水清澈，是重要的蓄水水源区。由于特殊的地理位置和漫长的形成与演化过程，孕育了丰富的湿地资源，是湿地动植物富集之地。主要论述了拉市海保护区概况及存在的问题，结合拉市海保护区的实际情况提出了相关的保护建议及对策。

运用相邻格子法及聚集度指标测定法,在植被调查的基础上,对云南普洱不同恢复阶段（恢复15a、30a和老龄林）季风常绿阔叶林的刺栲（Castanopsis hystrix）、短刺栲（Castanopsis echidnocarpa）和红木荷（Schima wallichii）3个优势物种进行种群空间分布格局研究,以阐明种群分布格局与生境条件、种群年龄结构的动态关系,揭示种群发育过程中空间动态与生物学机理。结果发现:在所有恢复阶段内,刺栲、短刺栲、红木荷均为聚集分布。在不同尺度下,刺栲在原始林中10m×10m尺度下为均匀分布,而在恢复15年中20m×20m尺度为随机分布;红木荷在10m×20m尺度下为均匀分布,在其它所有恢复阶段和尺度下3个物种均为聚集分布。研究结果表明,不同恢复阶段和不同尺度下刺栲、短刺栲和红木荷3个优势物种绝大多数为聚集分布,说明聚集分布为3个优势种的基本属性。

报道了中国秋海棠属两个新记录种:钩翅秋海棠Begonia demissa Craib和抱茎叶秋海棠Begonia subperfoliata Parish ex Kurz,两个种分别属于小秋海棠组Begonia sect.ParvibegoniaA.DC.和东亚秋海棠组Begonia sect.Diploclinium(Wight)A.DC..钩翅秋海棠和抱茎叶秋海棠模式产地分别为泰国和缅甸,两个种的地理新分布分别为云南省西双版纳傣族自治州的勐腊县勐远村和普洱市六顺镇.

指出了物种组配规律是生物多样性维持机制中的重要内容，是生物多样性研究中的热点内容之一。回顾了生物多样性维持机制研究历程，分析了不同研究方法中存在的弊端，阐述了利用植物功能性状探索生物多样性维持机制的方法，并探讨了该种方法的优势所在。提出了利用植物功能性状探索生物多样性维持机制必将成为今后生态学研究的热点之一。

指出了拉市海湿地地处亚热带北部区域，植被恢复区域的群落类型以湿生草地类型为主，植物群落的季相变化十分明显，群落优势植物的物候变化明显体现。

分析了丽江拉市海高原湿地保护区大型水禽灰鹤、斑头雁等越冬候鸟对觅食栖息地从弱到强的排序（从左到右），即农田生境→泥滩沼泽生境→草地生境→休耕地→浅水生境的选择分布情况，指出了在拉市海越冬的大型水禽灰鹤、斑头雁等对休耕地和浅水生境的选择最低，对农田生境的选择最高，对泥滩沼泽区生境和草地生境的选择则根据季节有所不同而选择程度不同。并对其原因进行了探讨。