提高采收率,少井高产是苏5区块高效开发的必然选择,需要大量实施水平钻井.目前该区地震技术主要用于地质靶点优选,较少涉及水平井轨迹设计、地质导向和随钻跟踪等多个环节.地震数据具有较高的横向分辨率,能够对随钻地层岩性和储层进行精确预测.通过对精细的构造解释,可为水平井地质导向提供精确的地层深度及倾角数据.储层精细预测可为地质靶点优选提供可靠目标,三维地震层位和储层空间雕刻有利于水平井轨迹优化设计.地震伽玛预测和孔隙度预测可以分别指导水平井钻钻遏更多的目标岩性和优质储层,为水平井地质导向提供更加可靠的指导.实钻情况表明,充分利用地震技术,可以提高水平井地质导向的成功率和储层钻遇率.

高峰场区块在上二叠世末期位于“开江—梁平”海槽东南消失过渡带,为缓坡沉积环境.长兴组地层厚度在各相带内变化较小,生物礁发育区地层厚度无明显增厚特征,导致该区生物礁预测难度增大.早期地震数据处理针对多个目的层进行,由处理引起的长兴组内部杂乱地震反射假象影响了生物礁预测精度,多口生物礁专探井失误.专门针对长兴组进行了保真保幅的地震数据精细处理,提高了长兴组内部成像效果；分析了该区生物礁地震相并总结了地震响应特征.模型正演分析表明,通过长兴组顶部振幅分析不能精细预测生物礁的边界.结合钻井分析和地震正演结果,针对生物礁杂乱反射特征不明显和长兴组顶部振幅分析的不足,采用分频解释技术,提高了生物礁预测的精度.

地震勘探的储层预测技术可为地质靶点优选提供较为可靠的目标，但在涉及水平井轨迹设计、地质导向和随钻跟踪等多个环节中，如何利用地震属性技术提高预测分析的可靠性和实时指导是问题的核心和关键。通过研究地震属性优选技术的理论和方法，在川中地区利用地震敏感属性分析技术优化水平井轨迹设计，可以提高水平井地质导向的成功率和储层钻遇率。

In the end of the Permian period, Gaofengchang area is located in the disappeared transition zone of southeastern "Kaijiang-Liangping" trough as the gentle slope sedimentary environment. The thickness of Changxing Formation varies little in each sedimentary facies, so does the almost invariant formation thickness of reef developed area, which increases the difficulty of reef prediction. Early seismic data processing aims at multi-formations, which leads to mixed and disorderly seismic reflection of internal Changxing and eventually affects the accuracy of reef prediction. As a result, several reef exploration wells had failed in the area. Therefore, we carry out fidelity-preservation and amplitude-preservation fine processing on seismic data to improve the internal imaging effect in Changxing Formation. Meanwhile, we analyze the reef sedimentary facies and conclude their seismic responses. Model simulation indicates that the boundary of reef cannot be finely predicted by amplitude analysis at the top of Changxing Formation. Combining drilling analysis with seismic simulation results, aiming at the above deficiencies, the frequency-division interpretation technique is used on seismic data fine processed specifically for Changxing Formation which improves the accuracy of reef prediction.

During the oil and gas exploration and development, well deployment mainly depends on seismic interpretation. However, there are always some differences in trap forms, stratum depth and reservoir distribution predicted from seismic data with those proven by actual drillings due to limits of seismic data resolution and accuracy. Sometimes new problems may encounter during the drilling. So seismic interpreters need to update their interpretation of seismic data, and propose new plans in time. Seismic interpretation result updating with well information is an effective tool of seismic analysis with updated drilling and logging information to confirm or correct the original seismic interpretations, and propose suitable measures for seismic data acquisition, processing and interpretation. This will be very helpful for future exploration.

In recent years,the hydrocarbon exploration of reef and beach reservoirs is very successful on both sides of the "Kaijiang-Liangping" trough in the Sichuan Basin,with the discovery of many large gas reservoirs.Integrated interpretation of seismic facies and sedimentary facies plays a key role in the breakthrough of exploration of the Upper Permian bioherm and the Lower Triassic oolitic beach reservoirs.However,the exploration of the Lower Permian reservoirs of beach facies is still unsuccessful.Previous prediction of high-energy beach facies in the Lower Permian Qixia and Maokou formations was mainly based on geologic and logging data or through seismic inversion,and no research was performed on their seismic facies.Both the Qixia and Maokou formations are typical deposits formed on carbonate ramp which shows unique characteristics of seismic facies,thus integrated interpretation technique of seismic facies and sedimentary facies can be used to predict favorable paleogeography and sedimentary facies belts,and further to recognize zones with well-developed reservoirs of high-energy beach facies.The Lower Permian shows 3 major features of seismic facies,including the increase of reflection time-thickness;the increase of reflection events within the Lower Permian;and the obvious overlapping of the lower boundary of the Lower Permian on the Silurian.These three features of seismic facies are used to predict favorable areas for the development of high-energy beach reservoirs.The drilling results verify the accuracy of the prediction.

Fankaijiang-Liangping trough has obvious controlling effect on the evolution of sedimentary facies of Feixianguan Formation and the distribution of oolitic-beach reservoirs.The development of oolitic-beach reservoir in platform margin is closely related with the paleo-geomorphology before deposit.High-energy oolitic-beach reservoir is the most important one of Feixianguan Formation.The key for seeking favorable paleo-geomorphology and high-energy ooliticbeach reservoir is to accurately identify the margin of trough and the depositional characteristics of highstand system tract at the late stage of Feixianguan Formation.The classification of sedimentary facies is not accurate only by using drilling and logging data.Therefore, by the full use of the lateral continuity of seismic data,the seismic facies analysis technique was used to select key seismic attributes; then layer flattening technique was applied to accurately recognize the margin of trough and classify sedimentary facies;finally the platform margin belt beneficial for developing ooliticbeach reservoirs was identified.Meanwhile,the seismic sequence analysis technique was used to analyze the sedimentary facies evolution in longitudinal direction and the high-energy sedimentary environment beneficial for developing oolitic-beach reservoirs.The combination of seismic facies analysis technique and seismic sequence analysis technique can visually understand the change of paleo-geomorphology in different period,and recognize the regional ooliticbeach reservoir development interval and its paleo-geomorphology. The exploration achievements of oolitic-beach area in recent years indicate that the method can improve the successful ratio of drilling oolitic-beach reservoir.

In order to get accurate calculation result of seismic interval velocity by use of velocity spectrum,this paper,taking the GeoMountain Seismic Interpreter System as a platform,puts forward a new calculation method of interval velocity including general DIX interval velocity calculation method restricted by regional empirical value,backstepping calculation method through the known interval velocity spectrum based on general DIX formula,horizon-based calculation method of interval velocity and azimuth smoothening etc.Examined by the actual structural map of Mopan-Laowan working area in East Sichuan basin,the interval velocity calculated by this method showed a better rule in lateral variation and coincided better with the actual geological conditions.

Using 2D and 3D seismic profiles and the reflected shapes of the Formation strata, we successfully identified the different facies of trough-foreslope-build up-platform at the Changxing period. The organic reefs are mainly distributed in the rock crown of the seismic profiles. As we known, organic reefs have some characters, such as wide rang , small bulk, great difference between reefs and surrounding rock, high heterogeneity, heterogenetic distribution in horizontal and vertical direction, high burial depth , etc. According to all above, we introduced the reservoir inversion method which is based on sedimentary and seismic facies analysis. With the help of seismic attribute analysis technique in the wide-azimuth 3D seismic data, the shape of organic reefs and their distribution are predicted and carved.

克深1号构造依据构造成因划分为盐上、盐下两个构造层,其主体构造部位盐下目的层反射能量弱,反射特征差,资料信噪比低,地震资料偏移成像的难度较大.文章从复杂构造地质模型正演入手,讨论了复杂构造共中心点道集反射波不能同相叠加及建立在零偏移距假设条件下的叠后偏移技术难以获得精确归位的原因,认为这类地区资料的偏移处理应分叠前的部分偏移和叠后的剩余偏移两步进行,这确定了适应这类地区精确成像的叠前叠后混合偏移方法.对叠前叠后混合偏移处理中的速度模型建立、反射波聚焦、反射波归位等关键技术进行了研究,认为叠前的部分偏移处理能部分降低了倾角、速度因素在共中心点叠加时带来的影响,得到了目的层更清晰的叠加成像;叠后用剩余速度场对叠前部分偏移的聚焦叠加结果进行叠后剩余偏移处理,较好解决了复杂构造反射波的准确归位.实际资料的处理结果表明偏移质量有明显提高,对查清克拉苏构造带目的层的构造形态有重要意义.

在龙门山推覆构造带东缘的盆地区中已发现了多个具有一定规模的气田,但在推覆带上还未有突破.由于龙门山逆掩断裂带地理条件十分恶劣,地震勘探很难得到好的地震反射资料,难以查清推覆构造带下的构造形态,阻碍了该区油气资源的勘探进程.2003年在龙门山构造带北段广元地区开展的"变线元多线(宽线)剖面采集"试验,于龙门山"前、后山带"获得了相当好的地震反射剖面,在推覆带发现了保存完好的大型背斜构造.从山前带的东边界开始,这一隐伏构造带向西延展的宽度在25 km以上,直到后山带的中段.隐伏构造的发现,使近期在该区找到大型油气田的希望成为现实.文章依据断层相关褶皱理论模式对宽线剖面进行综合解释,结合区域地质研究成果解析了龙门山构造北段的变形历史.