ObjectiveTo establish an ischemia-reperfusion model in cynomolgus macaques and to analyse the effects of edaravone intervention.MethodsA total of fifteen adult male cynomolgus macaques were randomly divided into three groups: sham operation (Sham group, n=3), ischemia-reperfusion model (Model group, n=6) and edaravone treatment (Edaravone group, n=6). Ischemic-reperfusion model of cynomolgus macaques was established by clamping the M1 branch of the left cerebral artery for 1 h. After 2 h of reperfusion, the animals in Edaravone group were injected with 0.5 mg/kg edaravone intravenously for intervention treatment, while the animals in Sham and Model groups were injected with an equal volume of normal saline intravenously, twice a day, from the 2nd to 7th day. The behavioral video recordings, clinical observations and neurological deficit scores of cynomolgus macaques were obtained, and brain edema volume and cerebral ischemia volume were statistically analyzed.ResultsCompared with the Sham group, the animals in Model group showed typical symptoms of ischemic stroke, with a significant increase in the neurological deficit score， the volumes of edema and infarct of brain tissue (all P＜0.01). Compared with Model group, the neurological deficit score, the volumes of edema and infarct of brain tissue were significantly reduced in Edaravone group (all P＜0.05).ConclusionAn animal model of ischemia-reperfusion in cynomolgus macaques was successfully established, and edaravone was confirmed to alleviate the damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion.

ObjectiveTo study the skeletal characteristics of cynomolgus monkeys at different ages, and to provide reference values for skeletal research using cynomolgus monkeys as model animals.MethodsA total of 283 cynomolgus monkeys aged 1-19 years were selected and divided into 8 groups according to sex and age :1 year≤age<3 years , 3 years≤age<5 years , 5 years≤age<7 years, 7 years≤age<9 years, 9 years≤age<11 years, 11 years≤age<13 years , 13 years≤age<15 years, and age≥15 years groups. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA).ResultsBMD increased from 0.32 g/m2 to 0.57 g/m2 and BMC increased from 67 g to 399 g in male cynomolgus monkeys between the age of 1 and 12. While BMC and BMD were relatively stable in the 12~15 years group. BMC and BMD remained at (367.51±7.17) g and (0.56±0.06) g/m2, respectively, in the ≥15 year-old group. In female cynomolgus monkeys, BMC increased from 58 g to 233 g and BMD increased from 0.31 g/m2 to 0.47 g/m2 between the age of 1 and 10. The maximum BMC was only about 58% of that of male cynomolgus monkeys, the maximum BMD was about 80% of that of male cynomolgus monkeys, and BMC decreased significantly after the age of 10 years. BMC remained at (166.63±6.21) g and BMD remained at (0.46±0.04) g/m2 after the age of 15 years, which were 45% and 80%, respectively, of those of male cynomolgus monkeys.ConclusionIn male cynomolgus monkeys, as their skeleton develops, BMC and BMD increase continuously until the age of 12 years, and are relatively stable between the age of 12 and 15 years. While in female cynomolgus monkeys, BMC and BMD increase annually until the age of 10 years, but after the age of 10 years, BMC decreases significantly, while BMD remains relatively stable between the age of 10 and 15 years. Peak bone mass of female cynomolgus monkeys is lower than that of male cynomolgus monkeys.

洋葱,别名玉葱、圆葱、葱头,为百合科,葱属多年生草本植物[1].它具有独特的风味和丰富的营养,是我国常见蔬菜之一.1930年Sebrell首次发现洋葱可导致犬贫血[2].1995 年国内首次报道了6只警犬食用洋葱后中毒,其中2只死亡[3].中毒犬只临床症状常表现为排红色或红棕色尿液,贫血、黄疸等.早期,洋葱粉还常作为调味剂加入狗粮中,如长期给宠物饲喂这种狗粮会引起轻度贫血和黄疸[4].时至今日,生活中养宠人依然对犬食用禁忌认识不够,还有人持"人能够吃的食物宠物就可以安全食用"的错误观点,所以人们常把吃剩的洋葱及汤汁倒入米饭,导致犬食用后发生中毒.因此,临床中对洋葱中毒的案例依然值得重视.

目的:提供食蟹猴的主要脏器重量、脏器系数的生物学特性指标.方法:选用成年食蟹猴32只(♂ ♀各半),分别测定体重和脏器重量、计算脏器系数,并对雌雄食蟹猴脏器重量、脏器系数进行比较.结果:食蟹猴的肝、心、脾、肺、肾上腺、胸腺、全脑、甲状腺、肾脏重量及脏器系数雌雄间均没有差异性(P＞0.05).结论:成年食蟹猴的脏器重量、脏器系数没有性别因素的影响.

目的 观察氯胺酮联合丙泊白酚在食蟹猴动物实验中的麻醉效果.方法 选取24只4～7岁雄性食蟹猴,按随机数字表法分为小牛血清组、四氯化碳组、酒精组及对照组,每组6只,造模18周后采用氯胺酮基础麻醉+丙泊酚静脉麻醉对食蟹猴行枪式肝穿活检进行麻醉,术中监测生命体征和观察麻醉效果,并对其进行统计学分析.结果 造模18周后,3个造模组食蟹猴均出现肝纤维化,但以四氯化碳组肝纤维化明显;24例食蟹猴氯胺酮肌注起效时间为(4.20±1.55) min,各组氯胺酮肌注起效时间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);24例食蟹猴刺激睁眼时间为(6.50 ±2.84) min,各组刺激睁眼时间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);在氯胺酮联合丙泊酚麻醉实验中,四组心率、呼吸均平稳,肝穿前后呼吸末CO2分压、心率在组内比较及3个造模组与对照组比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);四组肝穿前后血糖均变化明显,组内肝穿前后比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),但3个造模组与对照组比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).四组食蟹猴麻醉过程中均无无躁动、嚎叫表现,且苏醒迅速,术后无呕吐、抽搐等不良反应.结论 四氯化碳可有效地进行食蟹猴肝纤维化模型造模,氯胺酮基础麻醉+丙泊酚静脉麻醉在食蟹猴动物实验中应用麻醉效果良好,具有推广意义.

Objective To establish reference values for blood pressure in cynomolgus monkeys in different ages.Methods The blood pressures and blood lipids indexes were detected in 521 cynomolgus monkeys using an American BECKMAN-CX4 automatic biochemical analyzer and a wrist electronic blood pressure monitor.Statistical tests were performed to analyze the data.Results Significant differences were found in blood pressure values of cynomolgus monkeys in different ages.Blood pressure values in the elderly group were higher than those of other groups.The morbidity of hypertension in the elderly group was higher than those of the other groups.Body mass index (BMI) in the hypertension group was higher than that of normal group in the same age.The incidence of hypertension in the elderly group with hyperlipemia was higher than that of other groups.Logistic regression analysis showed that age, BMI and hyperlipidemia in the hypertensive group were 1.435, 1.218, and 2.337 times higher than those of the normal group when predicting the risk of hypertension.Conclusions We have initially established reference values of blood pressure in cynomolgus monkeys in different ages.Age, BMI and hyperlipidemia are risk factors of spontaneous hypertension in cynomolgus monkeys, and the measurement of blood pressure may provide a basis for the screening of cynomolgus monkey model of spontaneous hypertensive and related research.

目的 探讨肥胖及糖尿病食蟹猴全天24 h血糖、胰岛素变化情况及相关生理指标.方法 选择36只成年雄性食蟹猴,其中正常、肥胖和糖尿病食蟹猴各12只.测量每只食蟹猴体质量、腹围、皮脂,计算体质量指数(BMI);并检测各食蟹猴心率、血压、呼吸及体温;在24 h内,每1.5 h进行一次采血,检测血糖、胰岛素、糖化血红蛋白及血脂四项.结果 正常、肥胖和糖尿病食蟹猴的血糖值分别为3.94±0.65 mmol/L、4.33±0.84 mmol/L和12.09±4.58 mmol/L;糖尿病食蟹猴在21:00～ 22:30时间段血糖值最高为13.68±0.55 mmol/L,18:00～19:30血糖值最低为10.94±0.49 mmol/L.正常、肥胖和糖尿病食蟹猴24 h胰岛素值为(29.50±12.36) mU/L～(62.50±21.98)mU/L、(31.21±0.98) mU/L ～(123.42±3.38)mU/L和(12.60±3.16)mU/L～(30.62±3.16) mU/L;糖尿病食蟹猴9:00～10:30胰岛素值最大,为30.62±11.71 mU/L,03:00～04:30胰岛素值最低,为12.60±3.16 mU/L.结论 食蟹猴基础血糖值和胰岛素值的调查为糖尿病动物模型的建立及其相关研究提供基础数据参考.

目的 利用MRI检查方法,建立腓肠肌体积计算方法.探讨所获数据的准确性,进行食蟹猴腓肠肌体积MRI检测方法学研究.方法 采用右下肢制动方法,制作2例食蟹猴肌肉萎缩模型,对其健侧和模型侧肢体在第11周、13周和15周进行MRI平扫后,获取257幅图像.根据MRI影像可视之腓肠肌轮廓,2名人员分别3次手动测量每幅图像腓肠肌冠状位面积,计算其体积.比较相同人员不同时间测量面积的误差范围,不同人员测量面积的误差范围.结果 所有MRI图像获得清晰的腓肠肌图像.相同人员测量面积误差范围为0～ 3.47 cm2,平均差值占一侧腓肠肌总面积百分比为0.8％,变异系数为1.34％;不同人员间面积测量误差范围为0 ～ 3.47 cm2,平均差值占一侧腓肠肌面积百分比为1.7％,变异系数为1.08％;不同人员计算同一检查周期同侧腓肠肌体积误差范围为0～ 1.5 cm3,平均差值占一侧腓肠肌体积百分比为5.8％,变异系数为6.5％.结论 MRI检查技术为食蟹猴肌肉萎缩模型提供客观诊断依据,采用影像学软件与手动结合计算腓肠肌体积的方法误差小,准确性好.

Objective To measure the diameters of liver,gallbladder,pancreatic,spleen and kidney in normal mature macaca fascicularis with ultrasound.Methods Twenty-four macaca fascicularis,12males and 12females,aged from 3to 5 years were enrolled.Ultrasonic measurement of the liver,gallbladder,pancreas,spleen and kidneys were performed,and the datasets were then statistically analyzed.Results The liver,gallbladder,pancreatic,spleen and kidneys in normal mature macaca fascicularis appeared clearly with ultrasound.The anteroposterior diameter of left lobe of liver,the oblique diameter of right lobe of liver,as well as kidneys sizes were smaller in females than in males(P0.05).The left and right side kidneys in the same gender appeared to be similar(P0.05).The gallbladder wall in females was thinner than that in males(P0.05).There was no significant difference of the measurement of pancreas,spleen in macaca fascicularis between males and females(P0.05).Conclusion The ultrasonic features of liver,gallbladder,pancreatic,spleen and kidney in macaca fascicularis are similar to those of human,suggesting that ultrasound can be used and popularized in macaca fascicularis relative experiments.

目的 研究4-壬基酚(4-NP)和双酚A(BPA)对未成年雌性食蟹猴的拟雌激素作用和内分泌干扰作用.方法 10只16月龄左右的雌性食蟹猴随机分为染毒组和对照组,每组5只.染毒组给予4-壬基酚(4-NP)50 ml/kg+双酚A(BPA)200 mg/kg联合作用,对照组给予溶剂玉米油,给药剂量为5 ml/kg.每日早晨空腹灌胃,连续4周.每周称重一次,染毒结束时,检测血清雌激素水平、阴道脱落细胞成熟指数,取出子宫,测定其子宫湿重、子宫内膜及环形平滑肌厚度、子宫内膜上皮及腺上皮高度.结果 染毒组与对照组比较血清雌激素水平明显升高,阴道脱落细胞成熟指数显著增加(p＜0.05),子宫湿重、子宫内膜及环形平滑肌厚度、子宫内膜上皮细胞及腺上皮高度显著增加,差异极显著(P＜0.01).结论 双酚A和4-壬基酚对未成年雌性食蟹猴具有一定的生殖内分泌毒性作用.

Objective To explore the optimal anesthetic method in surgery for Cynomolgus monkey.Methods\To summarize the characteristics of anesthetic methods with 4 anesthetic agents (Sumianxin,ketamine hydrochloride,isoflurane,and lidocaine) in surgery for cynomolgus monkeys.Results Good anesthesia was obtained in the monkeys with Sumianxin,ketamine hydrochloride or isoflurane,but not with lidocaine.Conclusions\To make sure biosafety and animal welfare,animal should be used in anesthesia,to choose appropriate anesthetics in Cynomolgus monkey.In the surgery for cynomolgus monkey,biosafety and animal welfare should be taken into consideration,and suitable anesthetic technique with appropriate anesthetics should be properly selected according to the type and site of surgical operation,and characteristics of anesthetic agents.

为提供食蟹猴一般生理指标,本实验测定124只食蟹猴的肛温、呼吸率、血压和脉搏,比较不同性别和不同年龄组之间测定参数的差异。结果表明,1~1.8岁青幼年组、3~6岁成年组食蟹猴的体温、呼吸率、血压和脉搏均无明显性别差异。青幼年组与成年组相比较,血压无明显差异,但肛温、呼吸率明显高于成年组食蟹猴,而脉搏则明显低于成年组(P<0.01)。结论:食蟹猴上述生理参数性别之间差异不明显,随着年龄的变化血压变化不大,但肛温和呼吸率随着年龄的增长而减少,脉搏数则随着年龄的增长而增多,呈现较为复杂的年龄相关性。