Amorphophallus muelleri, a naturally occurring variant of konjac, holds considerable ecological, economic, and medicinal significance due to its high konjac glucomannan (KGM) content. While the importance of seed germination as a complex physiological process is widely recognized, the regulatory network governing konjac seed germination remains largely unexplored. To better understand the fundamental molecular processes, we conducted a simultaneous examination of the transcriptome and non-targeted metabolome profiles of A. muelleri seeds at seven stages of germination, including dry seed, seed protrusion, seed germination; seedling coating outcrop, seedling cotyledons formation, seedling leaf with brown, and seedling leaf with green. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed a reprogramming of seed metabolism during germination, marked by changes in phytohormones, flavonoids, starch, and sucrose. The levels of abscisic acid (ABA) were found to decline, particularly post-germination. A CYP707A gene (DN5757_c0_g1) linked to ABA catabolism was associated with reduced ABA levels during seed germination. The upregulation of mRNAs encoding cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase (C4H) correlated with an increase in p-coumaric acid levels. Full activation of photosynthesis facilitated seedling growth at the post-germination stage. Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), two modules linked to plant hormone biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid metabolism, and flavonoid biosynthesis were identified. Significantly, further results suggest that ABA may inhibit the germination process by involving gene expression. Using an exploratory multiomics dataset, our findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the germination process of A. muelleri seeds, elucidating the temporal-specific expression patterns of key candidate genes and metabolites, as well as shedding light on the role of ABA in the germination of konjac seeds.

Amorphophallus muelleri, a naturally occurring variant of the commercially valuable Amorphophallus species grown in Southeast Asia, stands out for its desirable traits: high konjac glucomannan (KGM) content, apomictic properties, and strong disease resistance. However, the mechanisms governing KGM maturation and biosynthesis within A. muelleri seeds remain poorly understood. Accordingly, wide-targeted metabolomics and RNA-seq were used in the present study to analyze differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Importantly, we sought to identify changes during A. muelleri seed maturation and KGM biosynthesis. Our findings indicated that DAMs associated with amino acids and secondary metabolites were elevated in mature seeds. Moreover, the expression of several genes was also upregulated, including those involved in flavonoid biosynthesis and plant hormone signal transduction pathways, specifically TPS5, TPS6, C4H (CYP73A12), and key genes encoding auxin and abscisic acid (ABA) synthesis (IAA10, ARF11, SAPK7). Our findings suggest that these genes play positive roles in regulating seed maturation. Additionally, seven genes encoding key enzymes involved in KGM biosynthesis were upregulated during the first two stages of seed maturation compared to the third stage of seed ripening. This indicates a potential correlation between KGM content and the expression of these genes at the post-transcript level. Finally, a strong correlation was identified between key DAMs and DEGs. Collectively, these results provide valuable insights for researchers seeking to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying A. muelleri seed maturation and KGM synthesis.

Soft rot of konjac (Amorphophallus spp.) is a devastating disease caused by the bacterium Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc) with serious adverse effects on plantation development, corm quality and crop yield due to the current lack of effective control measures. The main objective of the present study was to elucidate the mechanisms underlying plant resistance to soft rot disease. A combination of transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses demonstrated significant enrichment of differentially expressed genes (DEG) and differentially accumulated metabolites (DAM) associated with plant hormones, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and, in particular, alkaloid metabolism, in Amorphophallus muelleri following Pcc infection compared with A. konjac, these data implicate alkaloid metabolism as the dominant mechanism underlying disease resistance of A. muelleri. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis further revealed involvement of PAL, CYP73A16, CCOAOMT1, RBOHD and CDPK20 genes in the response of konjac to Pcc. Analysis of the bacteriostatic activities of total alkaloid from A. muelleri validated the assumption that alkaloid metabolism positively regulates disease resistance of konjac. Our collective results provide a foundation for further research on the resistance mechanisms of konjac against soft rot disease.

The genus Amorphophallus (Araceae) contains approximately 250 species, most of which have high ecological and economic significance. The chloroplast genome data and the comprehensive analysis of the chloroplast genome structure of Amorphophallus is limited. In this study, four chloroplast genomes of Amorphophallus were sequenced and assembled. For the first time, comparative analyses of chloroplast genomes were conducted on the 13 Amorphophallus species in conjunction with nine published sequences. The Amorphophallus chloroplast genomes exhibited typical quadripartite structures with lengths ranging from 164,417 to 177,076 bp. These structures consisted of a large single copy (LSC, 90,705 − 98,561 bp), a small single copy (SSC, 14,172 − 21,575 bp), and a pair of inverted repeats (IRs, 26,225 − 35,204 bp). The genomes contain 108 − 113 unique genes, including 76 − 79 protein-coding genes, 28 − 29 tRNA genes, and 4 rRNA genes. The molecular structure, gene order, content, codon usage, long repeats, and simple sequence repeats (SSRs) within Amorphophallus were generally conserved. However, several variations in intron loss and gene expansion on the IR-SSC boundary regions were found among these 13 genomes. Four mutational hotspot regions, including trnM-atpE, atpB, atpB-rbcL and ycf1 were identified. They could identify and phylogeny future species in the genus Amorphophallus. Positive selection was found for rpl36, ccsA, rpl16, rps4, rps8, rps11, rps12, rps14, clpP, rps3, ycf1, rpl20, rps2, rps18, rps19, atpA, atpF, rpl14, rpoA, rpoC1, rpoC2 and rps15 based on the analyses of Ka/Ks ratios. Phylogenetic inferences based on the complete chloroplast genomes revealed a sister relationship between Amorphophallus and Caladieae. All Amorphophallus species formed a monophyletic evolutionary clade and were divided into three groups, including CA-II, SEA, and CA-I. Amorphophallus albus, A. krausei, A. kachinensis and A. konjac were clustered into the CA-II clade, A. paeoniifolius and A. titanum were clustered into the SEA clade, A. muelleri ‘zhuyajin1’, Amorphophallus sp, A. coaetaneus, A. tonkinensis and A. yunnanensis were clustered into CA- I clade. The genome structure and gene content of Amorphophallus chloroplast genomes are consistent across various species. In this study, the structural variation and comparative genome of chloroplast genomes of Amorphophallus were comprehensively analyzed for the first time. The results provide important genetic information for species classification, identification, molecular breeding, and evolutionary exploration of the genus Amorphophallus.

Amorphophallus sp. is an economically important crop for rural revitalization in southwest China. However, Fusarium solani often infects Amorphophallus sp. corms during storage, damaging the corm quality and affecting leaf elongation and flowering in the subsequent crop. In this study, the mechanism of resistance to F. solani was investigated in the leaf bud and flower bud corms of Amorphophallus muelleri through transcriptome and metabolome analyses. A total of 42.52 Gb clean reads and 1,525 metabolites were detected in a total of 12 samples including 3 samples each of disease-free leaf bud corms (LC), leaf bud corms inoculated with F. solani for three days (LD), disease-free flower bud corms (FC), and flower bud corms inoculated with F. solani for three days (FD). Transcriptome, metabolome, and conjoint analyses showed that 'MAPK signal transduction', 'plant-pathogen interaction', 'plant hormone signal transduction', and other secondary metabolite biosynthesis pathways, including 'phenylpropane biosynthesis', 'arachidonic acid metabolism', 'stilbene, diarylheptane and gingerolin biosynthesis', and 'isoquinoline alkaloids biosynthesis', among others, were involved in the defense response of A. muelleri to F. solani. Ultimately, the expression of six genes of interest (AmCDPK20, AmRBOH, AmWRKY33, Am4CL, Am POD and AmCYP73A1) was validated by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and the results indicated that these genes were involved in the response of A. muelleri to F. solani. Ferulic acid inhibited the growth of F. solani, reducing the harm caused by F. solani to A. muelleri corms to a certain extent. Overall, this study lays a strong foundation for further investigation of the interaction between A. muelleri and F. solani, and provides a list of genes for the future breeding of F. solani-resistant A. muelleri cultivars.

Hydrangea (Hydrangea arborescens var. "Annabelle") flowers are composed of sweet aroma sepals rather than true petals and can change color. Floral volatiles plays important roles in plants, such as attracting pollinators, defending against herbivores, and signaling. However, the biosynthesis and regulatory mechanisms underlying fragrance formation in H. arborescens during flower development remain unknown. In this study, a combination of metabolite profiling and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was employed to identify genes associated with floral scent biosynthesis mechanisms in "Annabelle" flowers at three developmental stages (F1, F2, and F3). The floral volatile data revealed that the "Annabelle" volatile profile includes a total of 33 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and VOCs were abundant during the F2 stage of flower development, followed by the F1 and F3 stages, respectively. Terpenoids and benzenoids/phenylpropanoids were abundant during the F2 and F1 stages, with the latter being the most abundant, whereas fatty acid derivatives and other compounds were found in large amounts during the F3 stage. According to ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer analysis, benzene and substituted derivatives, carboxylic acids and derivatives, and fatty acyls play a significant role in the floral metabolite profile. The transcriptome data revealed a total of 17,461 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 7585, 12,795, and 9044 DEGs discovered between the F2 and F1, F3 and F1, and F2 and F3 stages, respectively. Several terpenoids and benzenoids/phenylpropanoids biosynthesis-related DEGs were identified, and GRAS/bHLH/MYB/AP2/WRKY were more abundant among transcription factors. Finally, DEGs interlinked with VOCs compounds were determined using Cytoscape and k-means analysis. Our results pave the way for the discovery of new genes, critical data for future genetic studies, and a platform for the metabolic engineering of genes involved in the production of Hydrangea's signature floral fragrance.

The type and content of carbohydrates in konjac corms are an essential factors in determining the quality of konjac; however, the pattern of carbohydrate changes and the mechanism regulating the development of mother and daughter corms in the “relay growth” process of Amorphophallus muelleri remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate changes in corm carbohydrates during the growth cycle of A. muelleri and to compare the carbohydrate composition and the expression of related genes between mother and daughter corms. Integrated metabolome and RNA-seq analyses identified 37 differential metabolites as well as 8074 genes that were differentially expressed between mother and daughter corms, the majority of which were involved in starch and sucrose metabolism. More than 80% of the differential metabolites, including sucrose and starch, tended to accumulate in the mother corms; however, konjac glucomannan (KGM), as one of the most important carbohydrates and its major component of the corm, accumulated in higher amounts in the daughter corms. In addition, the expression of invertase and alpha-amylase that promote the breakdown of sucrose and starch was 351.78- and 15.63-fold higher, respectively, in the daughter corm, whereas that of the starch synthesis gene AkWAXY was only 0.096 times as high as in the mother corms. Furthermore, the level of cellulose synthase-like protein G, which promotes KGM synthesis, was 3.85 times higher in daughter corms compared to mother corms. Thus, we inferred that the daughter and mother corms had two distinct carbohydrate utilization strategies. This study provides insights into temporal changes in carbohydrates during the growth cycle of A. muelleri.

Due to the limitations of traditional time series models in handling semantic values and small-scale data, the concept of fuzzy time series forecasting has been introduced in academia. This model performs exceptionally well on fuzzy datasets, prompting many researchers to delve into this field. The general process of fuzzy time series analysis consists of the following stages: 1) domain partitioning; 2) formation of fuzzy sets for fuzzifying data; 3) extraction of fuzzy relationships; and 4) forecasting and defuzzification. Domain partitioning and the extraction of fuzzy relationships have always been crucial components of fuzzy time series forecasting. Until now, neural networks have been less commonly applied in the step of determining fuzzy relationships. Some researchers have attempted to utilize the Pi-Sigma neural network for the determination of fuzzy relationships. However, due to the fixed network structure that Pi-Sigma neural networks cannot adapt to changes over time, it has been indicated that it is not a universal approximator. Its performance in handling complex dynamic time series has not been satisfactory. In this paper, we utilize Fuzzy C-Means Clustering (FCM) to partition the domain into unequal-length intervals and employ a high-order dynamic neural network known as Dynamic Ridge Polynomial Neural Network (DRPNN). This network can start with a small basic structure and gradually increase its structural complexity as learning progresses until it achieves the required task accuracy, which demonstrates superior performance in handling complex time series data. During the training process, we employ a novel gradient descent training algorithm with penalty terms. We conducted tests on this algorithm using nine real-world datasets and performed Friedman and Bonferroni-Dunn tests to ensure that the proposed algorithm exhibits statistical performance superiority compared to other methods in the literature. The results indicate that our algorithm outperforms those from other studies.

This paper aims to analyze the common types of telecom network fraud and its most frequent causes in colleges and universities. By taking a university as an example, the characteristics and causes of telecom network fraud in Colleges and universities are analyzed and measures on its prevention are put forward. . A stratified random sampling method was used to investigate the students in a university by using the telecom fraud questionnaire compiled by Tencent star. The results show that the incidence of fraud among college students in Kunming, Yunnan Province was 14.68%. Furthermore, among the 10 factors, the occurrence of fraud was related to fraud of chatting with beautiful nakedgirls (P < 0.05) and red envelope rebate fraud (P < 0.05). Therefore, the overall incidence of fraud among college students is high, and targeted guidance can be given to college students according to the influencing factors.

珠芽魔芋Amorphophallus bulbifer是我国西南地区广泛种植的一种特色经济作物,自2015年开始云南省德宏州及西双版纳州珠芽魔芋种植区发生了一种魔芋新病害.典型症状为早期叶片上出现具黄色晕圈圆形斑点,逐渐形成大斑块,最终整个叶片枯死.本研究采用温室接种致病性测定、形态及分子鉴定等方法对珠芽魔芋叶斑病病原进行研究.结果表明:从各种植区采集的37份叶部病样中分离得到37个生长较一致的真菌分离物;致病性试验证实,均为珠芽魔芋叶斑病病原菌,显微镜下观察该病原菌具有细极链格孢Alternaria tenuissima的形态特征;将其rDNA-ITS、EF-1a和β-tubulin基因序列在GenBank中进行同源性比对分析显示,其序列与A.tenuissima的相似性为99％～100％,分子鉴定与形态学鉴定结果一致.这是国内首次发现由细极链格孢侵染所引起的珠芽魔芋叶斑病.

Amorphophallus spp. are important industrial crops in Southwest China. Unfortunately, bacterial disease is one of the factors limiting the development of the Amorphophallus spp. industry. Soft rot can be caused by the pathogen Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc) and leads to large-scale losses in Amorphophallus spp. quality and production. However, the mechanisms underlying the response of Amorphophallus spp. to Pcc remain largely unknown. This study compared two species of Amorphophallus, A. muelleri and A. konjac, to explore Pcc resistance by combined physiological and transcriptome analysis. On the basis of phenotype analysis, A. muelleri exhibited higher resistance to Pcc than A. konjac. Moreover, the transcriptomes of A. muelleri and A. konjac were assembled, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were annotated. Significant categories including the plant hormone transduction pathway, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway and plant pathogen interaction pathway were identified. Among these pathways, small auxin upregulated RNA (SAUR), ethylene responsive transcription factor 1 (ERF1), 4-coumarate-CoA ligase (4CL), peroxidase (POD), WRKY transcription factor, Ca2+ sensor-related and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) genes were upregulated in A. muelleri, which may be involved in the regulation of energy, oxidative stress and signal transduction upon exposure to Pcc infection. The transcription levels of four selected genes were further verified by quantitative real-time PCR. Overall, this study identifies several critical genes involved in resistance to soft rot disease in Amorphophallus spp. and provides a theoretical foundation for identifying potential targets for metabolic engineering for disease control.

Amorphophallus muelleri has a multileaf growth pattern different from that of other konjacs; however, the hormonal mechanism underlying this phenomenon is not clear. In this study, the levels of hormones closely related to the sprouting of the axillary bud, including five types of cytokinins, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) were measured. In the second leaf sprouting stage, the content of trans-zeatin riboside (tZR) in corms increased more than 5000-fold over that in the dormancy period. Surprisingly, although the expression of CYP735A1 and CYP735A2, which synthesize the precursors for tZR was elevated at the second leaf sprouting stage, the expression of IPTs, which have key roles in cytokinin biosynthesis, did not change significantly. In addition, most cytokinin contents in leaves during the same period were significantly lower than those in corms. We speculate that the high cytokinin contents in the corms may not biosynthesized de novo in corms. In addition, the IAA content in the corms also considerably increased during the second leaf sprouting stage. Indole-3-acetaldehyde oxidase (AO1) and auxin efflux carrier PIN1A, presented relatively high expression levels in the same period. In contrast, ABA content, and the expression of NCED1, a rate-limiting enzyme in ABA biosynthesis, were suppressed at the second leaf sprouting stage. It is worth mentioning that N6-(Δ2-isopentenyl) adenosine (iP)-type cytokinins have a high content in corms in the dormant period that significantly decreases after the first leaf sprouting stage, which is completely different from the trend of tZR. By treating dormant corms with iP, the percentage of multibud plants increased, and the growth performance in terms of bud and root length was significantly higher than those of the control. This implies that iP-type cytokinins tend to play a role in promoting first seedling sprouting. Furthermore, there was a remarkable increase of the IAA content in both corms and roots under iP treatment but an inhibitory effect in buds. We speculate that the increase in the IAA content induced by iP is tissue specific. These results will assist in the understanding of the role of hormones, especially cytokinins, in the multileaf growth type of konjac.

'月亮谷'是云南元阳梯田种植面积最大的地方籼稻品种,种植历史逾百年仍保持对稻瘟菌较稳定的田间抗性,我们猜测其原因与'月亮谷'-稻瘟菌的群体互作有关.为此,本研究采用群体遗传学研究方法,利用稻瘟菌16对SSR引物,对从'月亮谷'不同单粒传纯系、'月亮谷'自然群体、现代品种'合系22-2'及云南元阳哈尼梯田环境中分离到的稻瘟菌进行遗传多样性分析,以了解不同'月亮谷'纯系对稻瘟菌群体遗传结构的影响.结果显示,来源于梯田环境的稻瘟菌与不同水稻品种(系)的稻瘟菌群体遗传结构差异明显,梯田环境:Ht=0.160 3,I=0.323 8;水稻寄主群体:Ht=0.092 9,I=0.200 9.而且,分离自不同水稻品种(系)的稻瘟菌群体遗传结构差异也较大,Shan-non's遗传多样性指数、Nei基因多样性指数和PIC的总体趋势是:'月亮谷'感病纯系(L4、L3)＞'月亮谷'自然群体(G5)＞'月亮谷'抗病纯系(L1、L2)＞'合系22-2'(H6).基于neighbor-joining的聚类分析发现,从环境(Y)中挑选的30株稻瘟菌和6个不同水稻寄主材料上分离到的稻瘟菌群体在相同相似系数下的遗传宗谱的数量变化趋势为:Y＞L4＞G5＞L3＞L1＞L2＞H6,说明现代品种对田间稻瘟菌群体产生的选择压力最大.水稻地方品种的抗病纯系群体对环境中稻瘟菌群体也产生了与现代抗性品种相类似的正向选择作用,而感病纯系和自然群体有利于稻瘟菌群体的稳定性选择.

Amorphophallus species are one of the main economic crops in the mountainous areas of southwest China. However, soft rot disease (Pectobacterium carotovorum ssp. carotovorum) is devastating for this crop. This study explored the Amorphophallus resistance mechanism against soft rot disease by analyzing transcriptome data using a weighted gene coexpression network analysis. The RNA sequencing of plants infected for 0, 12, 24, and 48 hours produced a total of 52.25 Gb of clean reads. A total of 29,096 genes were divided into 34 modules. Six modules of interest with the highest correlation with the target traits were selected to elucidate the resistance genes and pathways. The selected modules were enriched in the α-linolenic acid metabolism, phenylpropane biosynthesis, plant hormone signal transduction, and plant pathogen interaction pathways. Ultimately, AmBGLU, AmCAML, AmCDPK, AmLOX, and AmRBOHD were identified as genes of interest in the four significantly related metabolic pathways for real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction verification. The determination of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) in Amorphophallus muelleri and Amorphophallus konjac that suffered from soft rot disease showed that SA and JA were involved in the A. muelleri and A. konjac defense response against soft rot disease. Methyl jasmonate treatment delayed the onset of A. konjac soft rot disease. This study provides a reference for the interaction between Amorphophallus species and soft rot disease and the breeding of broad-spectrum and specific Amorphophallus cultivars that are resistant to soft rot disease.

魔芋产业是带动云南边疆经济、中西部农业产业结构调整、农民脱贫致富的重要支柱产业之一.传统魔芋种植品种为非珠芽类花魔芋和白魔芋,以小球茎/芋鞭繁育种球,繁殖系数低,同时易感毁灭性软腐病,且发病率高,严重制约魔芋产业化发展.该项目历经19年持续科技攻关,收集评价并选育出系列珠芽魔芋良种,实现快繁扩繁制种,集成籽种规模繁育、高产栽培、高效采收、精深加工为一体的成套产业化技术,并大面积推广应用,有力促进了我国魔芋产业的绿色高质量发展.

通过同源克隆法获得烟草抗病基因同源序列(RGAs),为烟草抗病基因的筛选和相关研究提供帮助.基于抗病基因的NBS-LRR保守结构域,筛选并合成了3对简并引物,扩增烟草中的NBS-LRR类抗病基因.获得了4条与抗病基因具有高度同源性的NBS-LRR类烟草抗病基因同源序列(TRGA,登录号:MK634316,MK634317,MK634318,MK634319),目的片段大小均在500 bp左右;BLAST X分析表明,获得的4个烟草RGAs与已知RGAs具有高度相似性,氨基酸相似性为97％～100％;聚类分析将其分成2大类,包括TIR-NBS-LRR和non-TIR-NBS-LRR两类抗病基因,其编码氨基酸序列含有NBS保守区的典型特征基序.通过简并引物进行同源扩增是分离烟草RGAs的有效方法,可为进一步抗病基因筛选及抗病分子育种奠定基础.

魔芋产业是中西部地区农业产业结构调整、农民脱贫致富的重要支柱产业之一.外施赤霉素能够诱导魔芋项芽的成花转变,是提高魔芋繁殖系数的有效手段.为探讨魔芋顶芽不同激素对外施赤霉素的响应,以珠芽魔芋(Amorphophallus bulbifer)为试验材料,利用超高效液相色谱法测定经GA3处理后,魔芋顶芽ZT、GA3、IAA和ABA含量的变化.结果 表明,在选用0.6％乙酸和甲醇溶液作为流动相、梯度洗脱的条件下,四种激素分离效果较好,每个样品检测时间在10 min内.GA3处理后,魔芋顶芽组织内GA3含量显著上升,在处理后3～7 d GA3含量保持较高水平,约为对照的2.4～3.3倍.IAA含量在GA3处理后缓慢升高,在处理后14d约为对照的2.5倍.ABA含量在GA3处理后降低,在处理后3d未检测到ABA,在处理后7d魔芋顶芽ABA含量约为对照的0.4倍.ZT含量在GA3处理前后无明显变化.综上,外施GA3处理下,魔芋顶芽组织内GA3和IAA含量升高,ABA含量降低,这些变化可能是GA3诱导下魔芋成花转变的影响因素之一.本研究通过分析GA3处理下魔芋顶芽激素的变化,为深入理解赤霉素调控魔芋成花的机理、指导珠芽魔芋快繁技术提供一定的理论依据.

魔芋（Amorphophallus spp.）是我国西南地区广泛种植的一种重要经济作物。2016～2018年在云南省发现一种由细菌侵染引起的珠芽魔芋新病害,症状表现为茎秆或叶片出现水渍状病斑,茎秆软化下垂,根部及球茎腐烂变褐,甚至整株倒伏。根据病害发病症状,并通过菌落形状、致病性测定、Biolog和16S rDNA测序分析,结果显示该病原菌在LB培养基上菌落呈近圆形,中央隆起,淡奶油色,质地均匀,表面光滑发亮;扫描和透射电子显微镜下观察显示,菌体形态呈短杆状,周生鞭毛,两端稍钝圆;基于16S rDNA扩增序列系统进化分析与已报道的Pectobacterium aroidearum strain CL1904-3 （MK875007）相似性达99%以上,构建的系统进化树表明与P.aroidearum菌株亲缘关系最近,Biolog测定和16S rDNA序列分析均将该病原菌鉴定为软腐果胶杆菌（P.aroidearum）。这是我国首次报道由P.aroidearum引起的珠芽魔芋软腐病害。研究结果进一步加深了人们对该病害的认识,为其防治提供了科学依据。

本研究运用转录组测序技术比较分析了象耳豆根结线虫侵染番茄根系的基因表达情况,旨在深入挖掘象耳豆根结线虫的致病相关基因.对番茄根系侵染前后的转录组数据进行差异表达分析,共筛选到7 138个差异表达基因(differentially expressed genes,DEGs),其中有375个上调基因,9 763个下调基因.对差异表达基因进行功能、代谢以及调控途径分析,从整体上掌握了象耳豆根结线虫侵染前后差异基因的表达模式.结果 表明当象耳豆根结线虫侵染寄主根系以后,其细胞组分、分子功能和生物代谢过程都有明显的变化.象耳豆根结线虫侵染寄主根系以后,有大量的基因发生差异表达,其中涉及到了胞外间隙,水解酶活性,转录翻译后的修饰、焦点黏连代谢途径和蛋白质在内质网上加工代谢途径等.通过qRT-PCR验证了上调基因的表达趋势与测序分析结果的一致,证明了测序结果的准确性.上述分析为进一步揭示象耳豆根结线虫的致病机理提供了有价值的参考.

由于魔芋植株各部位富含多糖,较难获得高质量的RNA.为了筛选出魔芋各组织器官总RNA提取最适合的方法,本研究采用Trizol法、异硫氰酸胍法、改良CTAB法、RNAprep Pure Plant Kit和Plant RNA Kit五种方法分别对花魔芋叶片、茎杆、根和球茎四种组织部位的总RNA进行了提取,并用琼脂糖凝胶电泳和紫外分光光度计对RNA质量进行综合评价.结果 表明:用Trizol法和异硫氰酸胍法提取魔芋各器官的RNA效果较差,杂质含量较高,降解严重;采用RNAprep Pure Plant Kit和Plant RNA Kit两种商业试剂盒仅提取出魔芋叶片的RNA,茎秆、根、球茎三种组织器官未能提取质量完整的RNA,所提取的RNA效果不稳定且浓度较低.改良CTAB法提取的魔芋四种组织器官RNA均能得到完整、清晰的RNA条带,且四个器官的OD260/OD280均在1.8～2.0之间,采用改良CTAB法提取魔芋各组织器官总RNA较为理想.本研究为不同器官来源魔芋植株样品的RNA提取方法提供了科学依据.