There is an urgent need for agricultural systems to intensify sustainably, increasing crop productivity, farmer livelihoods and soil health while using fewer resources. Crop perennialization, the conversion of especially annual grains to perennial forms, has shown such possibility. Here we report the successful breeding of perennial rice and assess its performance and potential. Domesticated, annual Asian rice ( Oryza sativa ) was hybridized with its perennial African relative Oryza longistaminata . From a single planting, irrigated perennial rice produced grain for eight consecutive harvests over four years, averaging 6.8 Mg ha −1 harvest −1 versus the 6.7 Mg of replanted annual rice, which required additional labour and seed. Four years of cropping with perennial rice resulted in soils accumulating 0.95 Mg ha –1 yr –1 organic carbon and 0.11 Mg ha −1 yr −1 nitrogen, along with increases in soil pH (0.3–0.4) and plant-available water capacity (7.2 mm). Perennial cultivars are strongly preferred by farmers; growing them saves 58.1% of labour and 49.2% of input costs in each regrowth cycle. In 2021, perennial rice was grown on 15,333 ha by 44,752 smallholder farmers in southern China. Suited to a broad range of frost-free environments between 40° N and 40° S, perennial rice is a step change with potential to improve livelihoods, enhance soil quality and inspire research on other perennial grains.

多年生薏苡属禾本科薏苡属草本植物,直立丛生,株高2～3 m,气生根发达、多节位发生,花果期8-10月,营养生长旺势.薏苡作为饲料,具有产量高、草嫩、适口性好的优良特征,可以饲喂牛、羊、鱼、兔等多种动物.根据西盟地区2年的试验研究,总结出快速繁育方法,可为云南省南部地区发展畜牧业、增加优质饲料供应源.

To tackle food insecurity faced by an ever-growing population, there is an urgent need to develop new forms of highly productive and ecologically-secure agricultural systems. Crop perennialization provides a novel and promising solution to both food security and environmental challenges. Compared with annual grain production systems, which often undermine basic ecosystem services, perennial crops could maintain important ecosystem functions and reduce agricultural inputs. Here, we report our successful breeding of perennial rice (PR) taking over 20 years. We introduced perennial growth into domesticated Asian rice by interspecific hybridization and subsequently developed several perennial cultivars that have been commercialized recently in China and successfully trialed in multiple countries. The perennial cultivars produce yields comparable to commercialized annual rice (AR) varieties and maintain them for 4-5 consecutive years from a single planting. They exhibit robust regrowth, acceptable grain and milling quality, and are strongly preferred by farmers. We also quantified the social-economic, ecological and soil benefits attributable to perennial rice cultivation. Finally, we estimated the geographical areas potentially suitable for perennial rice cultivation worldwide, based on the correlation between regrowth rate and over-winter temperatures. Our innovation would help maintain food security and ecological integrity, and also inspire research on other perennial grains.

本文主要研究重金属在滇池水体、沉积物和3种典型野生鱼类(鲤鱼,鲫鱼和银鱼)中的积累水平,同时对滇池重金属污染的潜在健康风险进行评估.研究表明,滇池水体和表层沉积物中5种重金属的浓度大小顺序是一致的(Zn＞Cr＞Cu＞Pb＞Cd).自20世纪70年代以来,沉积物岩芯中的重金属含量显著增加,大多数表层沉积物中的重金属含量均高于当地背景土壤值.但3种典型野生鱼类中积累的重金属均没有超过中国政府部门设定的安全阈值.鱼类重金属的生物富集因子(BCF)变化很大,鱼体内肌肉的重金属的BCF的顺序为:Zn＞Cd＞Pb＞Cu＞Cr.此外,鱼类器官中重金属的平均含量遵循肝脏＞腮＞肌肉的顺序.健康风险评估表明,目前食用鱼对人类是较为安全的,但在长期食用过程中仍存在潜在的和可预测的健康风险.

经过不断技术创新、品种搭配优化和模式探索,云南省的“水稻+”综合种养模式逐步走出一条产出高效、产品安全、资源节约、环境友好的发展之路,各地也都总结出了一些好的典型和值得推广的“水稻+”绿色高效模式.文章通过实地调研,点面结合,分析梳理和总结了云南省“水稻+”综合种养模式的发展现状、模式特点以及存在的问题,并提出了发展建议.

为贯彻落实农业农村部《到2020年化肥农药零增长行动方案》,进一步推进云南省化肥农药减量增效工作,为下一步工作开展提供依据,云南省农业农村厅高度重视,组织调研组对昆明市开展化肥农药零增长工作专题调研,全面掌握昆明市农药化肥零增长工作推进情况及存在的问题,并提出意见和建议.

一、生产现状 改革开放以来,陆良县蚕种生产工作围绕保障陆良县蚕种供应,适应蚕桑生产发展要求为目标,在管理体制上,由计划管理到市场经济;在生产数量上,从力求供需平衡到按订单生产;在市场秩序上,由无序竞争到有序发展. 2005年,陆良县蚕桑面积达321.6 hm2,随着用种需求越来越高,新建蚕房0.38 hm2,附属建筑0.25 hm2,新植桑园面积8.04 hm2,田间道路0.72hm2,大大提升了制种规模的设计能力,可实现最大负荷——年生产蚕种30万张,充分满足了陆良本地用种和部分外地用种的需求.

Perennial grain crops hold the promise of stabilizing fragile lands, while contributing grain and grazing in mixed farming systems. Recently, perennial rice was reported to successfully survive, regrow, and yield across a diverse range of environments in Southern China and Laos, with perennial rice PR23 being identified as a prime candidate for release to farmers. This paper reports the evaluation of PR23 for release, by (1) comparing its survival, regrowth, performance, and adaptation with preferred annual rices across nine ecological regions in southern Yunnan Province of China; (2) examining the economic costs and benefits of perennial versus annual rice there; and (3) discussing the evidence for the release of PR23 as a broadly adapted and acceptable cultivar for farmers. Overall, the grain yield of PR23 was similar to those of the preferred annual rice cultivars RD23 and HXR7, but the economic analysis indicated substantial labour savings for farmers by growing the perennial instead of the annual. PR23 was comparable to the annuals in phenology, plant height, grain yield, and grain size, and was acceptable in grain and cooking quality. Farmers were keen to grow it because of reduced costs and especially savings in labour. PR23 is proposed for release to farmers because of its comparable grain yields to annual rices, its acceptable grain and milling quality, its cost and labour savings, and the likely benefits to soil stability and ecological sustainability, along with more flexible farming systems.

东盟是云南重要的蔬菜出口地区,作为蔬菜依赖进口的新加坡,直接贸易份额在东盟仅列第4,介绍了新加坡蔬菜供需状况包括消费、零售、生产等情况,以及云南蔬菜出口新加坡的情况;分析了云南出口新加坡蔬菜的变化,以及存在的优势和潜力.

通过对云南省蚕桑产业现状的分析,我们认为云南省发展蚕桑产业具有蚕茧质量优、产业竞争优势明显、精准扶贫效果好等优势;同时也存在问题和挑战,如桑园基础设施薄弱低产及抛荒桑园比例大、种养技术水平低产业发展后劲不足、蚕种生产经营和质量管理不规范蚕种质量安全保障难、实用技术瓶颈亟待突破蚕桑资源利用率低等.对此,我们提出了巩固和发展云南省蚕桑产业的对策,即改善桑园基础设施条件、增加单位面积土地的经济效益,培育新型职业蚕农、提高专业养蚕水平,加强蚕种繁育和质量监管、保障蚕农用种安全,因地制宜开展蚕桑资源综合利用,走绿色可持续发展的道路.

云南水果种类丰富,主要以温带、亚热带及热带水果为主,现已查明的果树资源有133种,约占全国果树种类的60％.“七五”“八五”以来云南将水果产业发展作为富民兴滇的重要举措,加大水果商品基地县建设,水果生产开始迈向规模化.西部大开发战略的实施,对促进云南经济发展起到了推进作用,尤其是“十一五”以来,交通的改善、水利基础设施的完善、惠农政策的贯彻落实,云南水果产业得到快速发展.

利用西蒙·库兹涅茨三次产业比值理论对云南区域发展阶段分析,明确一定时期区域产业发展的方向、目标和任务,从而为区域产业发展正确决策提供依据,避免因盲目高估或低估区域生产力水平而致产业发展走入误区.对云南蚕桑产业区域发展阶段性特征的把握决定云南蚕桑产业的战略定位及路径选择.

<正>去年底,云南省农业技术推广总站组织昆明市食用菌研究所、普洱市农技推广中心、大理州祥云县农技推广中心等相关部门7人参加了福建漳州举行的第二届中国蘑菇节暨亚洲食用菌质量标准与国际贸易论坛,同时还组织了5人实地考察了漳州及古田的食用菌产业发展情况。我们将福建之行整理成文,希望对我省食用菌产业发展有所启示。