为探究不同钾肥用量对湖北来凤雪茄烟生长发育及发酵后烟叶质量的影响,以BES NO H382品种为材料,采用单一变量法进行大田试验,设置了3个处理,研究钾肥施用量对雪茄烟的农艺性状、发酵后烟叶的矿质元素、烟叶常规化学成分、中性香气成分、物理特性、烟叶灰分含量6个方面的影响.结果表明,适量的钾肥对烟株长势具有促进作用,并能降低烟碱和总氮含量,增加氮碱比,提高烟叶灰分含量,提高燃烧性,提高烟叶平衡含水率和叶质重,增大叶厚以及拉力,降低烟叶含梗率等.研究表明,来凤雪茄烟施钾量为T2～T3处理效果最佳.

简述了类胡萝卜素降解产物在烟叶中的重要作用,并从矿质营养及施肥方法、种植密度、留叶数、采收方式和成熟度等栽培措施以及调制温湿度和方法等方面对影响晾晒烟中类胡萝卜素降解产物含量的因子进行了综述,并对今后的研究内容做了展望.

为提升雪茄烟品种BESNO H382的产质量,进一步提高国产优质雪茄原料的供给能力,在恩施州来凤县进行了雪茄烟打顶期试验.结果 表明,不同打顶期处理对雪茄烟农艺性状的影响从高到低依次为不打顶处理(CK)、50％烟株盛花打顶处理、50％烟株中心花开放打顶处理、50％烟株现蕾打顶处理;对产质量和常规化学成分协调性的影响由高到低依次为50％烟株中心花开放打顶处理、50％烟株盛花打顸处理、50％烟株现蕾打顶处理、不打顶处理(CK);对评吸质量的影响由高到低依次为50％烟株中心花开放打顶处理、50％烟株现蕾打顶处理、50％烟株盛花打顶处理、不打顶处理(CK).综合来看,50％烟株中心花开放打顶处理的整体效果较好.

雪茄烟叶的颜色和吃味主要在调制和发酵过程中确定的.发酵的主要目的是使烟叶品质逐渐转变,以获得理想的烟叶颜色、吃味和燃烧性.温度是雪茄烟叶发酵的必要条件之一,只有当烟叶达到一定的温度,发酵才可能发生,并逐步完成发酵过程.

Objective]To provide a scientific basis for variety certification, extension and rational layout.[Method]The national tobacco vari-ety regional test was conducted in Xianfeng point in 2015 using K326, Yunyan 87.[ Result] The varieties with better agronomic traits were CF228, YN119, HB030 and Guiyan 8, followed by Yunyan 207, Guiyan 13, Guiyan 5, 09011.The varieties with better economic characters were CF228, YN119, HB030, followed by Yunyan 207, Guiyan 5, 09011, Guiyan 13.The varieties with better quality traits were HB030, Yunyan 207, Guiyan 8, CF228, followed by YN119, Guiyan 5, Guiyan 13, 09011.The varieties with better comprehensive economic charac-ters and quality were CF228, HB030 and Guiyan 8.The total sugar contents of Guiyan 8, Guiyan 5, Guiyan 13, YN119 were low, the potas-sium content of YN119 was low,the intrinsic chemical composition of the other tested varieties was compatible.Appearance quality of 09011, Guiyan 8 was equivalent to K326 and Yunyan 87, appearance quality of the other strains was poorer than K326 and Yunyan 87.In addition to Guiyan 8 and Guiyan 5,the overall performance of the other tested varieties were equivalent to the control species.[Conclusion]HB030, CF228, Guiyan 8 have better comprehensive traits.