Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of clustered epidemics of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in Changping district of Beijing from 2018 to 2021.Methods:The epidemiological and etiological data of HFMD cluster epidemics in Changping district of Beijing from 2018 to 2021 were collected, and the descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the distributions and pathogen constituents.Results:A total of 271 epidemics (including 266 clusters and 5 outbreaks) were reported from 2018 to 2021 and the average incidence rate was 11.04%. The median values of were both 2 d. The number of patients were positively correlated to the interval between epidemic on-set and reporting and to the duration of epidemics, with the correlation coefficients of 0.682 and 0.145, respectively (all P<0.05). The cases were mainly in the age group ≤ 5 years old, accounting for 77.67% (619/797). The epidemic mainly occurred in kindergartens, accounting for 78.97% (214/271). The top three number of epidemics occurred in Beiqijia town (51 epidemics), Huilongguan region (43 epidemics) and Dongxiaokou town (37 epidemics). The trend of epidemics reported was consistent with that of sporadic cases with the peak from May to July, and the second peak in September and November in some years. The main pathogens were coxsackievirus A 16 (CV-A16) and CV-A6. Conclusions:Clustered epidemic was the dominant type of epidemics in Changping District. Children under 5 years, kindergartens, the urban and rural fringe with dense population and large floating population are the key populations, places and areas for HFMD epidemic prevention and control. respectively. Early detection and reporting of the epidemic are the keys for prevention and control.

目的 分析北京市昌平区诺如病毒感染性腹泻的流行病学特征,为进一步制定有效的防控措施提供依据.方法 用现场流行病学调查方法和描述分析方法,对2017-2020年北京市昌平区诺如病毒腹泻疫情报告和个案资料进行回顾性分析.结果 2017年1月-2020年12月,共报告疫情168起,累计病例1 876例,其中实验室诊断病例575例(30.65％),临床诊断病例1 799例(95.90％),无死亡病例.疫情以中小学(51.79％)为主要场所,其次是幼儿园(38.69％);时间上呈双峰分布;病例以3～17岁儿童为主(95.74％).不同年度发病人数构成比在疫情发生场所(x2=18.770,P=0.005)、年龄组(x2=22.215,P＜0.001)、性别(x2=7.864,P=0.049)和职业(x2=204.93,P＜0.001)间比较,差异有统计学意义.结论 诺如病毒感染引起的急性胃肠炎疫情发生场所以中小学校和幼儿园为主,发生时间段集中在学生开学期间,进入假期后大幅减少,学校应加强晨午检工作,及时停班并规范处置疫情,加强学校在传染病疫情处置方面的培训,做好疫情监测、健康教育宣传指导,降低传染病发病率.

目的 了解1998-2020年北京市昌平区肾综合征出血热(HFRS)的流行特征,为做好防控工作提供依据.方法 收集1998-2020年北京市昌平区的HFRS疫情信息和宿主动物监测资料,采用SPSS 21.0软件进行描述性分析.结果 1998-2020年北京市昌平区累计报告HFRS病例145例,死亡1例,年平均发病率1.34/10万、病死率0.69％,95.17％的病例为原发性病例;报告病例主要分布在2007年之前,冬春季为发病高峰;青壮年发病居多,男女性别比为3.68∶1,以农民工、农民及工人为主;81.34％的病例有明确鼠接触史或居住/办公场所有鼠类活动痕迹;宿主动物监测显示优势鼠种为褐家鼠,平均鼠带毒率为1.04％.结论 北京市昌平区HFRS以直接或间接接触史者发病多见,应继续落实HFRS监测、防鼠灭鼠、临床诊治及健康教育等综合性防制措施.

目的 了解2018年北京市昌平区手足口病的流行特征及经济负担状况,为科学防控提供依据.方法 采用描述流行病学方法分析手足口病流行特征,采用SPSS 22.0统计分析手足口病经济负担.结果 北京市昌平区为手足口病高流行区,人群以散居及托幼儿童为主,季节特性呈夏季单峰流行,人群密集、外来人口聚集的地区,尤其是城乡接合部是手足口病的高发地区,重症病例和聚集性疫情的时间分布与流行高峰吻合.病原学以肠道病毒柯萨奇A组6型(CoxA6)和其他肠道病毒为主,重症病例以CoxA6为主.调查的158例手足口病患者总经济负担为426 645.18元,人均2 700.29元,轻症病例总经济负担358 846.04元,人均2 315.14元,重症病例总经济负担67 799.14元,人均22 599.71元.结论 北京市昌平区手足口病具有明显的人群、地区及时间分布特征,手足口病经济负担较重.CoxA6成为手足口病的主要病原体且在重症病例间发生.开展CoxA6病原学监测及经济负担的影响因素研究、加强托幼机构卫生监管,宣传手足口病的防控知识,落实消毒隔离等于预措施,以减少手足口病的传播和流行,从而降低手足口病的经济负担.

目的 了解2018年北京市昌平区诺如病毒感染疫情的流行病学特征,查找传染病防控漏洞和薄弱环节,为更好地预防和控制传染病的发生和传播提供依据.方法 采用现场流行病学调查方法,对每一起聚集性呕吐/腹泻疫情开展调查,收集疫情相关信息,采集病例、密切接触者以及相关人员的生物样品进行肠道病毒检测,并对数据进行统计分析.结果 68起疫情中聚集性疫情64起、暴发疫情4起;68起疫情中检出诺如病毒GⅠ型10起、诺如病毒GⅡ型44起、诺如病毒GⅠ型和GⅡ型混合感染12起、札如病毒2起;共采集标本376件,检出阳性标本198件,阳性率为52.66％;疫情报告病例数581例,波及5 748人,罹患率范围为4.21％～73.15％,平均罹患率为10.11％;≤12、13～18和≥19岁3个年龄组的呕吐、腹泻发病率比较,差异有统计学意义(x2=55.78、295.72,均P＜0.01).结论 中小学校和托幼机构是诺如病毒感染引起的急性胃肠炎疫情高发场所,应加强晨午检工作,对病例早发现、早隔离,及时停班并开展规范的消毒处置工作,对校医及班主任在传染病疫情处置方面加强培训,对学生和家长关于传染病防控方面加大宣传,多方联手做好传染病防控工作.