This paper describes the worldwide production,characterization and application status of genetically modified organism(GMO) detection reference materials(RMs).The different "value" expression patterns and technical approaches of current GMO detection RMs were systematically compared.The advantages and disadvantages of each "value" expression pattern were also elucidated.According to the comparison results,it was suggested that the most suitable pattern of "value" expression and technical approaches of RMs for GMO safety supervision in China.These will provide references for the establishment of characterization system and production and application platform for GMO detection RMs.

The testing institute system for the bio-safety of agricultural GMOs is an important component of the technical supporting system for the bio-safety control of agricultural GMOs.The construction of testing institute system was systematically reviewed from the overall layout,conditions construction,quality certification,operating mode and testing ability,respectively.The roles of testing institute system in administrative management,safety assessment,technical standards development,and risk communication of agricultural GMOs were comprehensively summarized.The shortcomings of the testing institute system in regional location,quality and legal awareness and operative efficiency and its possible reasons were analyzed in-depth.Finally,four strategies and recommendations were proposed focus on consummating the layout,enhancing the quality and legal awareness,improving operational efficiency and building network system.

从转基因管理机构及其责任、管理方式、管理依据等方面对美国的转基因管理状况进行了详细的分析阐述.美国转基因产品安全管理着重于上市前的安全评价,对安全评价的每一过程进行详细记录以增加其可追溯性,对销售中的转基因食品没有规定强制性标识法规.