We study a three-dimensional rapidly rotating convection model featuring tall columnar structures, in the absence of thermal diffusion. We establish the global existence and uniqueness of weak solutions, as well as the Hadamard well-posedness of global strong solutions to this model. The lack of thermal diffusion introduces significant challenges in the analysis. To overcome these challenges, we first investigate the regularized model with thermal diffusion and establish delicate estimates that are independent of the thermal diffusion coefficient, and consequently justify the vanishing diffusivity limit. This work serves as a continuation of our previous paper Cao(JAMA 21:2923–2954 (2021).

In this paper, we study a structural acoustic model consisting of a semilinear wave equation defined on a three-dimensional bounded domain, coupled with a Kirchhoff-Love plate equation acting on a flat portion of the boundary. Primarily for mathematical interest, we impose nonlinear damping terms and logarithmic-type supercritical source terms on the system. We investigate local and global well-posedness, energy decay rates of potential well solutions, and blow-up of solutions under different conditions on the parameters and initial data. The main novelties include the analysis of the interaction between nonlinear damping and logarithmic energy-amplifying source terms, as well as the development of techniques for handling logarithmic source terms within potential well theory. The logarithmic nonlinearities are not homogeneous under scaling, which creates difficulties in studying potential well solutions. The wave-plate coupling through the acoustic pressure also causes technical difficulties in the analysis, especially in the proof of blow-up of weak solutions.

This paper is concerned with a 2D channel flow that is periodic horizontally but bounded above and below by hard walls. We assume the presence of horizontal viscosity only. We study the well-posedness, large-time behavior, and stability of solutions. For global well-posedness, we aim to assume less differentiability on initial velocity (u_0, v_0): in particular, we assume u_0,v_0∈ L^2(Ω) and ∂_y u_0 ∈ L^2(Ω).

In this manuscript, we consider a structural acoustic model consisting of a wave equation defined in a bounded domain Omega subset of R3 , strongly coupled with a semilinear Kirchhoff-Love plate equation acting on the flat portion of the boundary of Omega. The system is influenced by an arbitrary C1 nonlinear source term in the plate equation. Using nonlinear semigroup theory and monotone operator theory, we establish the well-posedness of both local strong and weak solutions, along with conditions for global existence. With additional assumptions on the source term, we examine the Nehari manifold and establish the global existence of potential well solutions. Our primary objective is to characterize regimes in which the system remains globally well-posed despite arbitrary growth of the source term and the absence of damping mechanisms to stabilize the dynamics.

This study establishes the existence of inertial manifolds for the hyperviscous Navier-Stokes equations (HNSE) on a two-dimensional periodic domain: partial derivative(t)u + nu(-triangle)(beta)u + (u center dot del)u + del p = f, on T-2, with del center dot u = 0, for any beta > 17/12. In the context of the 2D HNSE, the exponent beta = 3/2 is identified as the "critical" value for the inertial manifold problem, below which the spectral gap condition is no longer satisfied. A key contribution of this work is that it extends the theory to the "supercritical" regime, where beta < 3/2. An important component of the argument involves a refined analysis of the sparse distribution of lattice points in annular regions.

This paper studies the inviscid limit problem for the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations with anisotropic viscosity. The fluid is assumed to be bounded above and below by impenetrable walls, with a no-slip boundary condition imposed on the bottom wall. For H^2 initial velocity, we establish strong convergence in the L^p norm to the limiting problem as the vertical viscosity approaches zero, for any 2≤ p <∞. The main challenge lies in the mismatch of boundary conditions - specifically, the no-slip condition in the original problem versus the slip condition in the limiting problem.

This study focuses on the asymptotic behavior of a threedimensional rapidly rotating convection model, when momentum diffusivity significantly surpasses thermal diffusivity at the infinite Prandtl number. We prove the existence of a global attractor and establish the backward uniqueness of solutions for this model. The main challenge in analyzing this model arises from the fluid domain being three-dimensional, while the diffusion is limited to the horizontal direction.

Takayasu arteritis (TAK) is an inflammatory vasculitis that affects the aorta and its primary branches. The pathogenesis of TAK remains elusive, yet identifying key cell types in the aorta of TAK patients is crucial for uncovering cellular heterogeneity and discovering potential therapeutic targets. This study utilized single-cell transcriptome analysis on aortic specimens from three TAK patients, with control data sourced from a publicly available database (GSE155468). Additionally, bulk RNA sequencing was performed on peripheral CD4 + and CD8 + T cells from eight TAK patients and eight matched healthy volunteers. All participants were recruited at Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China, between January 2020 and December 2023. Single-cell transcriptome analysis identified 11 predominant cell types in aortic tissues, with notable differences in proportions between TAK patients and controls. T cells, B cells, macrophages, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and fibroblasts exhibited subtype-specific gene expression signatures, with notable changes in interactions between T cells, B cells, and monocyte-macrophages, highlighting their active involvement in the pathogenesis of TAK. Bulk RNA-Seq analysis of peripheral blood T cells from TAK patients showed an upregulation of complement system genes, underscoring the significance of the complement signaling pathway in TAK’s immunopathogenesis. The findings underscore the active involvement of various immune and structural cells in the aortic tissues of TAK patients and reveal the presence of the complement signaling pathway in peripheral blood T cells. These insights are instrumental for identifying novel therapeutic targets and developing robust disease monitoring methods for TAK.

This article studies the finite time blow-up of weak solutions to a structural acoustics model consisting of a semilinear wave equation defined on a bounded domain Ω⊂R3 which is strongly coupled with a Berger plate equation acting on the elastic wall, namely, a flat portion of the boundary. The system is influenced by several competing forces, including boundary and interior source and damping terms. We stress that the power-type source term acting on the wave equation is allowed to have a supercritical exponent, in the sense that its associated Nemytskii operator is not locally Lipschitz from H1 into L2. In this paper, we prove the blow-up results for weak solutions when the source terms are stronger than damping terms, by considering two scenarios of the initial data: (i) the initial total energy is negative; (ii) the initial total energy is positive but small, while the initial quadratic energy is sufficiently large. The most significant challenge in this work arises from the coupling of the wave and plate equations on the elastic wall.

This paper is inspired by Richards' work on large gaps between sums of two squares [10]. It is shown in [10] that there exist arbitrarily large values of lambda and mu , where mu >= C log lambda , such that intervals [ lambda, lambda + mu ] do not contain any sums of two squares. Geometrically, these gaps between sums of two squares correspond to annuli in R-2 that do not contain any integer lattice points. A major objective of this paper is to investigate the sparse distribution of integer lattice points within annular regions in R-2. Specifically, we establish the existence of annuli {x is an element of R-2 : lambda < |x|(2) <= lambda + kappa } with arbitrarily large lambda and kappa >= C lambda(s) for 0 < s < 1/4, satisfying that any two integer lattice points within any one of these annuli must be sufficiently far apart. This result is sharp, as such a property ceases to hold at and beyond the threshold s = 1/4 . Furthermore, we extend our analysis to include the sparse distribution of lattice points in spherical shells in R-3. (c) 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.

BackgroundThe mechanism of humoral immunity to Takayasu arteritis (TAK) is not clear. In our study, we aimed to investigate the correlation between immunoglobulins and disease activity and the relationship between immunoglobulins and the prognosis of TAK patients.MethodsOne hundred ninety TAK patients divided into two groups according to whether they had elevated immunoglobulins or not. We compared the demographic data and the clinical data between the two groups. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the relationship between immunoglobulin and disease activity, as well as the relationship between their changes. Immunohistochemical staining was used to compare the expression of humoral immune cells in TAK and atherosclerotic patients. One hundred twenty TAK patients who achieved remission within 3 months after discharge were followed up for 1 year. Logistic regression was used to explore the relationship between elevated immunoglobulins and recurrence.ResultsDisease activity and inflammatory factors were significantly higher in the group with elevated immunoglobulins than in the normal group [NIH (3.0 vs. 2.0, P = 0.001), ITAS-A (9.0 vs. 7.0, P = 0.006)]. Compared with atherosclerotic patients, CD138 + plasma cells were significantly increased in the aortic wall of patients with TAK (P = 0.021). Changes in IgG correlated well with CRP and ESR [CRP (r = 0.40, P = 0.027), ESR (r = 0.64, P < 0.001)]. For patients with TAK in remission, elevated immunoglobulins was associated with 1-year recurrence [OR95%, CI: 2.37 (1.03, 5.47), P = 0.042].ConclusionsImmunoglobulins is of clinical value in evaluating disease activity in TAK patients. Moreover, the dynamic changes of IgG were correlated with the changes in inflammatory indicators in TAK patients.

This article is concerned with the long term behavior of solutions to a structural acoustics model consist-ing of a semilinear wave equation defined on a bounded domain S2 & SUB; R3 which is coupled with a Berger plate equation acting on a flat portion of the boundary of Q. The system is influenced by several competing forces, in particular a source term acting on the wave equation which is allowed to have a supercritical exponent.Our results build upon those obtained by Becklin and Rammaha [8]. With some restrictions on the pa-rameters in the system and with careful analysis involving the Nehari manifold we obtain global existence of potential well solutions and establish either exponential or algebraic decay rates of energy, dependent upon the behavior of the damping terms. The main novelty in this work lies in our stabilization estimate, which notably does not generate lower-order terms. Consequently, the proof of the main result is shorter and more concise.& COPY; 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

目的:本研究分析预后营养指数(PNI)与大动脉炎患者CRP的相关性.方法:本研究为回顾性研究,连续纳入2019年1月至2020年12月,在安贞医院风湿免疫科病房的大动脉炎患者50例.根据PNI进行两等分组,将患者分为PNI低组和PNI高组,分析两组间一般临床资料差异,并利用Logistic回归模型分析PNI与大动脉炎患者CRP的相关性.结果:50例患者中女性占94％,PNI高组的患者具有更低的CRP水平.Pearson相关系数分析示CRP升高与PNI升高(r=-0.288),并呈现显著相关性(P＜0.05).Logistic回归分析PNI升高与CRP升高呈负相关关系.结论:在大动脉炎患者中,PNI与CRP相关,随着PNI降低,CRP升高.

It has been known that aorta, subclavian, and extracranial arteries are commonly involved in Takayasu arteritis (TA). However, the involvement of intracranial artery in TA has not been well explored. The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of intracranial artery lesions in TA patients and identify associated risk factors. A total of 160 patients diagnosed with TA at Beijing Anzhen Hospital from November 2012 to November 2019 were retrospectively enrolled in this study and assigned to different groups according to the presence or absence of intracranial artery lesions. Our data showed that 20% of the enrolled 160 patients developed intracranial artery lesions and the right internal carotid artery (ICA) was the most common involved artery (53%). The average age of patients with intracranial artery lesions was significantly older compared to that of patients without intracranial artery involvement (43.56 ± 11.40 vs 36.41 ± 12.22, p = 0.003). In addition, more patients in the intracranial artery group had concomitant disease histories of stroke and/or hypertension (p = 0.010, 0.033). Chest tightness, chest pain, palpitation, coronary artery lesions, and extracranial segment lesions of ICA were more commonly observed in patients with intracranial artery lesions (p < 0.001, 0.017, 0.015, < 0.001, 0.003). Furthermore, we discovered that patients with coronary artery involvement, extracranial segment lesions of ICA, and higher Vasculitis Damage Index (VDI) score had an increased risk of developing intracranial artery lesions (p = 0.013, 0.019, 0.019). Our study showed that the intracranial artery disease was common in TA and was associated with coronary artery lesions, extracranial segment lesions of ICA, and higher VDI score.

目的:分析大动脉炎(TA)患者脑梗死的特征,并探讨TA患者发生脑梗死的危险因素.方法:回顾性分析2015年6月至2021年10月,北京安贞医院128例确诊TA的住院患者的临床及影像资料,根据有无脑梗死分为脑梗死组(32例)和无脑梗死组(96例).比较两组患者的临床及影像资料.分析TA患者发生脑梗死的危险因素.结果:32例患者(25％)存在脑梗死,其中21例为急性或慢性脑梗死,11例为无症状腔隙性脑梗死.TA脑梗死组临床活动度评分(ITAS 2010及ITAS-A)较非脑梗死组高(9 vs.8,10 vs.5,P=0.003,P=0.013).脑梗死组患者合并高血压(50％vs.25％P=0.009)及高脂血症(56％vs.28％,P=0.004)的比例较无脑梗死组患者高.脑梗死组患者颅内动脉受累的比例较无脑梗死组患者高(62.5％vs.26％,P＜0.001),且最常受累的血管是颈内动脉颅内段及大脑中动脉,以重度狭窄或闭死为主,差异有统计学意义.脑梗死最常见的部位为额顶叶及基底节区.多元Logistic回归分析表明,高脂血症(OR=3.286,95％CI:1.435～7.521,P=0.005)、颅内动脉受累(OR=3.831,95％CI:1.585～9.262,P=0.003)、大脑中动脉受累(OR=7.517,95％CI:1.302-43.393,P=0.024)与TA患者脑梗死显著相关.结论:TA患者脑梗死并不少见,少数为无症状性腔隙性脑梗死,最常发生的部位是额、顶叶及基底节区.高脂血症、颅内动脉受累及大脑中动脉受累是TA患者脑梗死的危险因素.

BACKGROUND:Anaemia is a common clinical manifestation observed in Takayasu's arteritis (TAK), but few studies have been conducted. This study investigated whether improvement of inflammatory indicators was associated with improvement of anaemia in TAK. We also investigated whether iron supplement treatment could benefit in addition to immunosuppressant therapy in the anaemia patients with TAK.METHODS:This was a retrospective cohort study of 160 patients diagnosed with TAK. All patients were further assigned into anaemia group (67 cases) or non-anaemia group (93 cases) according to their haemoglobin levels. Fifty two anaemia patients completed follow-up (median 5.2 months).RESULTS:There were 67 (41.88%) anaemia patients among all 160 TAK patients. Compared to TAK patients without anaemia, the average age [32 (24, 45) vs. 40 (31, 48), p = 0.002], disease duration [36 (7, 120) vs. 72 (14, 162), p = 0.017] and BMI [21.43 (18.96, 23.81) vs. 22.86 (20.09, 25.81), p = 0.008] were significantly lower in TAK patients with anaemia. The levels of ESR [23 (15, 51) vs. 11 (5.5, 22), p = 0.0001] and CRP [9.33 (1.99, 27.8) vs. 1.99 (0.45, 6.68), p = 0.0001] were significantly increased in TAK patients who complicated with anaemia. After follow-up, decrease of ESR, CRP and disease activity score (NIH and ITAS) were significantly associated with improvement of anaemia. One unit decrease of ESR and CRP, the hazard ratio of the improvement rate of anaemia was 1.02 [95% CI (1.00, 1.03); p = 0.027] and 1.04 [95% CI (1.02, 1.07); p < 0.001] respectively. One point decrease of NIH and ITAS-A was associated with a higher probability of anaemia improvement [HR 95% CI: 1.25 (1.02, 1.41), p = 0.022, HR 95% CI: 1.62 (1.21, 2.17), p = 0.001]. These relationships were consistent between iron supplement treatment group and without iron supplement treatment group. We found no significant difference in cumulative hazard between the two groups (p = 0.692).CONCLUSION:Anaemia was a common complication in TAK. Decrease of ESR, CRP and disease activity score (NIH and ITAS) were significantly associated with improvement of anaemia, even after adjusting for various covariates. Moreover, these relationships were consistent between iron supplement treatment group and without iron supplement treatment group. There was no significant difference in the improvement of anaemia in patients receiving immunosuppressant therapy with or without iron supplement treatment.

Due to the absence of specific symptoms and low survival rate, efficient biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis are urgently required. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist‐II (PIVKA‐II) and to determine the optimal cutoff values for HBV infection‐related HCC.

Background Anemia is a common clinical condition in autoimmune disease, but there are few related studies in Takayasu’s arteritis (TAK). The purpose of this study is to detect clinical characteristics of anemia patients with TAK and to explore the relationship between the hemoglobin level and the disease activity in TAK. Methods This retrospective study included 160 cases of hospitalized patients with TAK and 110 cases of age-and sex-matched healthy people. According to the hemoglobin level, 160 TAK patients were divided into two groups with and without anemia, the immune indexes were compared between the two groups. 28 patients with anemia in TAK were followed up and the changes of immune indexes before and after treatment were compared. Results Hemoglobin in TAK patients is significantly lower than that of healthy control group. Among the 160 cases of TAK, 67 cases of anemia are mild to moderate anemia, and most of which are normocytic anemia. In anemia patients with TAK, women was more common (P=0.014), age at admission was more younger (P=0.002), the disease duration was shorter (P=0.017). The levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR, P=0.000), C-reactive protein (CRP, P=0.000), interleukin-6 (IL-6, P=0.036) and disease activity scores (NIH P=0.000, ITASA P=0.001, ITAS2010 P=0.030) were significantly higher in anemia patients with TAK. The risk of anemia in TAK patients with elevated CRP was 2.35 times than that of TAK patients without elevated CRP (OR = 2.350, 95% CI 1.055-5.234, P = 0.037). After followed up for 3-6 months, hemoglobin levels increased significantly (P=0.001), ESR (P=0.000), CRP (P=0.039) and disease activity scores (NIH P=0.001, ITASA P=0.000, ITAS2010 P=0.000) decreased significantly through effective treatment without iron supplementation, and the changes of hemoglobin after treatment were negatively correlated with the changes of ESR (P=0.046) and CRP (P=0.002). Conclusion Anemia patients with TAK were more common in young women, and the disease activity was higher. Anemia can be significantly improved without iron supplementation through effective treatment to reduce disease activity of TAK.

We analyze a three-dimensional rapidly rotating convection model of tall columnar structure in the limit of infinite Prandtl number, i.e., when the momentum diffusivity is much more dominant than the thermal diffusivity. Consequently, the dynamics of the velocity field takes place at a much faster time scale than the temperature fluctuation, and at the limit the velocity field formally adjusts instantaneously to the thermal fluctuation. We prove the global well-posedness of weak solutions and strong solutions to this model.

Viral and alcoholic liver disease, drug induced liver disease (DILD), primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) are among the most common liver diseases observed in clinical practice. These diseases lack unique clinical characteristics at the beginning of pathogenesis, which renders specific diagnosis difficult. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclasses are the main isoform of antibodies that can be found in the serum that serve important protective roles in immunity. The present study aimed to investigate the serum IgG subclass distribution in patients with the five common liver diseases aforementioned. The present study retrospectively recorded and analyzed the serum IgG subclass levels of different patients, who were grouped according to their clinical diagnosis. Serum IgG subclass levels were measured using immunonephelometric assays. IgG3 levels were found to be significantly increased whereas IgG4 levels were significantly decreased in patients with PBC. In patients with AIH, IgG1 levels were significantly increased. By contrast, IgG1/IgG level ratios in patients with viral liver disease were significantly increased. No clear pattern in the distribution characteristics of IgG subclasses could be observed in cohorts with alcoholic liver disease and DILD in the present study. Additionally, model for end-stage liver disease scores regarding IgG1 in patients with AIH shared a synergistic relationship. Anti-mitochondrial antibody subtype M2 (AMA-M2) and IgG3 in patients with PBC demonstrated a synergistic relationship. These results suggested that IgG subclasses may be used as biomarkers to further the understanding of liver disease, which could allow for early diagnosis.