In the solutions which are prepared by mixing zinc nitrate hexahydrate, strong ammonia and methenamine in water bath at 90 Centigrade, lamellate and granular zinc oxide films have grown on different substrates such as B270 glass, glass based PAA films, pure aluminum foil and aluminum based PAA films. Films microstructures were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The influences of substrate and pH on the films microstructure were analyzed. Results reflect that: Ammonia plays an important role in the growing competition of grainy crystal; the more concentration of ammonia, the more zinc oxide crystals grow into granular. Because of the high specific area and adsorption capacity, lacunaris zinc oxide films have great application perspective in gas sensor, catalyzed sorption and biochemistry.

在碱性催化条件下正硅酸乙酯的溶胶体系中,引入二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）进行原位共溶胶凝胶,并结合常压干燥工艺制备多孔SiO2增透薄膜。利用Netzsch热分析仪研究了干凝胶在干燥过程中的热稳定性、用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对样品薄膜的形态结构进行了表征,用分光光度计考察了DMF对膜层增透性能的影响。实验结果表明,DMF能有效防止凝胶的开裂,抑制颗粒团簇的产生,使胶粒聚联成大的网络结构,提高了成膜性能;DMF的加入能提高薄膜的透射率,使膜层在300～1000nm范围内透射率达99%以上。

Porous silica film was prepared through sol-gel process and impregnation method with a precursor sol containing of tetraethoxysilane(TEOS) in base catalyst. The influence of the content of anamoni on the performance of the SiO2 sol and coating was studied in detail. Thermal stability in drying process of the SiO2 sol were studied by Netzsch thermal analyzer;the structure and morphology of these samples were characterized by SEM;the optical properties of porous silicon thin film were studied by spectrophotometer. It's found that the viscosity of silicon sol was impervious to the increase of the NH3/TEOS molar ratio, whereas its optimal time for coating was shortened;by increasing the content of anamonia, the size of SiO2 particles increases. Doping organic additive N, N-DMF can improve the performance of the film, effectively control the growth of particles. The SiO2 sol catalyzed by NH3 had the high transmittance, which the peak value are all above 99% between 640-690nm.

Highly ordered porous anodic alumina(PAA) films are fabricated with the sulfuric and oxalic acid as electrolyte and by the two-step anodization method. The crystal structure of aluminum foil before and after annealing process is examined with X-ray diffraction(XRD). Field-emission scanning electron microscope(FE-SEM) and atom force microscope(AFM) are used to observe the surface and cross morphology of PAA films. The pore diameters(20-100 nm), pore distances (50-150 nm), depths(0.2-70 μm) and densities 10 9-10 12 /cm 2 can be well controlled. The forming process and mechanism of PAA film are discussed. The effects of aluminium pre-treatments, the electrolytes type, anodizing voltages and electrolyte concentrations on PAA film's stractures are analyzed.

以硫酸、草酸溶液为电解液,采用二次阳极氧化法制备了初始孔径在20~120 nm、孔间距在40~250 nm、孔深在200 nm~80μm范围内的具有高度有序纳米孔阵列的多孔阳极氧化铝（porous anodic alumina,PAA）模板。以PAA模板为基片,采用真空电子束蒸发的方法在PAA模板上制备了具有高度有序的TiO2纳米点阵列。利用场发射扫描电子显微镜和原子力显微镜对其形貌进行了表征。研究表明,所形成的TiO2纳米点阵列具有同其基底PAA模板相同的序列结构。对TiO2纳米点阵列的生长形成机理进行了讨论。

Optical thin films greatly constrain the performance improvement of optical systerm. The defects of optical thin films are highlight point both in theory and experiment. Choose TiO2, SiO2 as original materials and the typical defects of multilayer films which made by electron beam evaporation as research object. The morphology and composition were measured by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The result shows that the nodule defect is semisphere and composition correspond with the original material; defect formed by original material sputtering is pit and the content of Ti is much higher than nodule defect; one of the defects adhered on surface is irregular colloid contain with C which means this defect is organism; the other defects adhered on surface is block with arris and correspond with the original material.