We report branching fraction measurements of four decay modes of the $\Lambda_{c}^{+}$ baryon, each of which includes an $\eta$ meson and a $\Lambda$ baryon in the final state, and all of which are measured relative to the $\Lambda_{c}^{+} \rightarrow p K^{-} pi^{+}$ decay mode. The results are based on a $980~\mathrm{fb^{-1}}$ data sample collected by the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^{+}e^{-}$ collider. Two decays, $\eta \Sigma^{0} \pi^{+}$ and $\Lambda(1670) \pi^{+}$, are observed for the first time, while the measurements of the other decay modes, $\Lambda_{c}^{+} \rightarrow \eta\Lambda\pi^{+}$ and $\eta\Sigma(1385)^{+}$, are more precise than those made previously. We obtain $\mathcal{B}(\Lambda_{c}^{+} \rightarrow \eta \Lambda \pi^{+})/\mathcal{B}(\Lambda_{c}^{+} \rightarrow p K^{-} \pi^{+})$ = $0.293 \pm 0.003 \pm 0.014$, $\mathcal{B}(\Lambda_{c}^{+} \rightarrow \eta \Sigma^{0} \pi^{+})/\mathcal{B}(\Lambda_{c}^{+} \rightarrow p K^{-} \pi^{+})$ = $0.120 \pm 0.006 \pm 0.006$, $\mathcal{B}(\Lambda_{c}^{+} \rightarrow \Lambda(1670) \pi^{+}) \times \mathcal{B}(\Lambda(1670) \rightarrow \eta \Lambda)/\mathcal{B}(\Lambda_{c}^{+} \rightarrow p K^{-} \pi^{+})$ = $(5.54 \pm 0.29 \pm 0.73 ) \times 10^{-2}$, and $\mathcal{B}(\Lambda_{c}^{+} \rightarrow \eta \Sigma(1385)^{+})/\mathcal{B}(\Lambda_{c}^{+} \rightarrow p K^{-} \pi^{+})$ = $0.192 \pm 0.006 \pm 0.016$. The mass and width of the $\Lambda(1670)$ are also precisely determined to be $1674.3 \pm 0.8 \pm 4.9~{\rm MeV}/c^{2}$ and $36.1 \pm 2.4 \pm 4.8~{\rm MeV}$, respectively, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively.

The decay channel J/{psi}{yields}{gamma}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}{eta}{sup '} is analyzed using a sample of 5.8x10{sup 7} J/{psi} events collected with the BESII detector. A resonance, the X(1835), is observed in the {pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}{eta}{sup '} invariant-mass spectrum with a statistical significance of 7.7{sigma}. A fit with a Breit-Wigner function yields a mass M=1833.7{+-}6.1(stat){+-}2.7(syst) MeV/c{sup 2}, a width {gamma}=67.7{+-}20.3(stat){+-}7.7(syst) MeV/c{sup 2}, and a product branching fraction B(J/{psi}{yields}{gamma}X){center_dot}B(X{yields}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -}{eta}{sup '})=[2.2{+-}0.4(stat){+-}0.4(syst)]x10{sup -4}. The mass and width of the X(1835) are not compatible with any known meson resonance. Its properties are consistent with expectations for the state that produces the strong pp mass threshold enhancement observed in the J/{psi}{yields}{gamma}pp process at BESII.

M. Ablikim, M. N. Achasov, P. Adlarson, S. Ahmed, M. Albrecht, M. Alekseev, A. Amoroso, F. F. An, Q. An, Y. Bai, O. Bakina, R. Baldini Ferroli, I. Balossino, Y. Ban, K. Begzsuren, J. V. Bennett, N. Berger, M. Bertani, D. Bettoni, F. Bianchi, J. Biernat, J. Bloms, I. Boyko, R. A. Briere, H. Cai, X. Cai, A. Calcaterra, G. F. Cao, N. Cao, S. A. Cetin, J. Chai, J. F. Chang, W. L. Chang, G. Chelkov, D. Y. Chen, G. Chen, H. S. Chen, J. C. Chen, M. L. Chen, S. J. Chen, Y. B. Chen, W. Cheng, G. Cibinetto, F. Cossio, X. F. Cui, H. L. Dai, J. P. Dai, X. C. Dai, A. Dbeyssi, D. Dedovich, Z. Y. Deng, A. Denig, I. Denysenko, M. Destefanis, F. De Mori, Y. Ding, C. Dong, J. Dong, L. Y. Dong, M. Y. Dong, Z. L. Dou, S. X. Du, J. Z. Fan, J. Fang, S. S. Fang, Y. Fang, R. Farinelli, L. Fava, F. Feldbauer, G. Felici, C. Q. Feng, M. Fritsch, C. D. Fu, Y. Fu, Q. Gao, X. L. Gao, Y. Gao, Y. Gao, Y. G. Gao, Z. Gao, B. Garillon, I. Garzia, E. M. Gersabeck, A. Gilman, K. Goetzen, L. Gong, W. X. Gong, W. Gradl, M. Greco, L. M. Gu, M. H. Gu, S. Gu, Y. T. Gu, A. Q. Guo, L. B. Guo, R. P. Guo, Y. P. Guo, A. Guskov, S. Han, X. Q. Hao, F. A. Harris, K. L. He, F. H. Heinsius, T. Held, Y. K. Heng, M. Himmelreich, Y. R. Hou, Z. L. Hou, H. M. Hu, J. F. Hu, T. Hu, Y. Hu, G. S. Huang, J. S. Huang, X. T. Huang, X. Z. Huang, N. Huesken, T. Hussain, W. Ikegami Andersson, W. Imoehl, M. Irshad, Q. Ji, Q. P. Ji, X. B. Ji, X. L. Ji, H. L. Jiang, X. S. Jiang, X. Y. Jiang, J. B. Jiao, Z. Jiao, D. P. Jin, S. Jin, Y. Jin, T. Johansson, N. Kalantar-Nayestanaki, X. S. Kang, R. Kappert, M. Kavatsyuk, B. C. Ke, I. K. Keshk, A. Khoukaz, P. Kiese, R. Kiuchi, R. Kliemt, L. Koch, O. B. Kolcu, B. Kopf, M. Kuemmel, M. Kuessner, A. Kupsc, M. Kurth, M. G. Kurth, W. Kühn, J. S. Lange, P. Larin, L. Lavezzi, H. Leithoff, T. Lenz, C. Li, Cheng Li, D. M. Li, F. Li, F. Y. Li, G. Li, H. B. Li, H. J. Li, J. C. Li, J. W. Li, Ke Li, L. K. Li, Lei Li, P. L. Li, P. R. Li, Q. Y. Li, W. D. Li, W. G. Li, X. H. Li, X. L. Li, X. N. Li, Z. B. Li, Z. Y. Li, H. Liang, H. Liang, Y. F. Liang, Y. T. Liang, G. R. Liao, L. Z. Liao, J. Libby, C. X. Lin, D. X. Lin, Y. J. Lin, B. Liu, B. J. Liu, C. X. Liu, D. Liu, D. Y. Liu, F. H. Liu, Fang Liu, Feng Liu, H. B. Liu, H. M. Liu, Huanhuan Liu, Huihui Liu, J. B. Liu, J. Y. Liu, K. Liu, K. Y. Liu, Ke Liu, L. Y. Liu, Q. Liu, S. B. Liu, T. Liu, X. Liu, X. Y. Liu, Y. B. Liu, Z. A. Liu, Zhiqing Liu, Y. F. Long, X. C. Lou, H. J. Lu, J. D. Lu, J. G. Lu, Y. Lu, Y. P. Lu, C. L. Luo, M. X. Luo, P.W. Luo, T. Luo, X. L. Luo, S. Lusso, X. R. Lyu, F. C. Ma, H. L. Ma, L. L. Ma, M.M. Ma, Q. M. Ma, X. N. Ma, X. X. Ma, X. Y. Ma, Y. M. Ma, F. E. Maas, M. Maggiora, S. Maldaner, S. Malde, Q. A. Malik, A. Mangoni, Y. J. Mao, Z. P. Mao, S. Marcello, Z. X. Meng, J. G. Messchendorp, G. Mezzadri, J. Min, T. J. Min, R. E. Mitchell, X. H. Mo, Y. J. Mo, C. Morales Morales, N. Yu. Muchnoi, H. Muramatsu, A. Mustafa, S. Nakhoul, Y. Nefedov, F. Nerling, I. B. Nikolaev, Z. Ning, S. Nisar, S. L. Niu, S. L. Olsen, Q. Ouyang, S. Pacetti, Y. Pan, M. Papenbrock, P. Patteri, M. Pelizaeus, H. P. Peng, K. Peters, J. Pettersson, J. L. Ping, R. G. Ping, A. Pitka, R. Poling, V. Prasad, H. R. Qi, M. Qi, T. Y. Qi, S. Qian, C. F. Qiao, N. Qin, X. P. Qin, X. S. Qin, Z. H. Qin, J. F. Qiu, S. Q. Qu, K. H. Rashid, K. Ravindran, C. F. Redmer, M. Richter, A. Rivetti, V. Rodin, M. Rolo, G. Rong, Ch. Rosner, M. Rump, A. Sarantsev, M. Savrié, Y. Schelhaas, K. Schoenning, W. Shan, X. Y. Shan, M. Shao, C. P. Shen, P. X. Shen, X. Y. Shen, H. Y. Sheng, X. Shi, X. D. Shi, J. J. Song, Q. Q. Song, X. Y. Song, S. Sosio, C. Sowa, S. Spataro, F. F. Sui, G. X. Sun, J. F. Sun, L. Sun, S. S. Sun, X. H. Sun, Y. J. Sun, Y. K. Sun, Y. Z. Sun, Z. J. Sun, Z. T. Sun, Y. T. Tan, C. J. Tang, G. Y. Tang, X. Tang, V. Thoren, B. Tsednee, I. Uman, B. Wang, B. L. Wang, C.W. Wang, D. Y. Wang, K. Wang, L. L. Wang, L. S. Wang, M. Wang, M. Z. Wang, Meng Wang, P. L. Wang, R. M. Wang, W. P. Wang, X. Wang, X. F. Wang , X. L. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. F. Wang, Y. Q. Wang, Z. Wang, Z. G. Wang, Z. Y. Wang, Zongyuan Wang, T. Weber, D. H. Wei, P. Weidenkaff, F. Weidner, H.W. Wen, S. P. Wen, U. Wiedner, G. Wilkinson, M. Wolke, L. H. Wu, L. J. Wu, Z. Wu, L. Xia, Y. Xia, S. Y. Xiao, Y. J. Xiao, Z. J. Xiao, Y. G. Xie, Y. H. Xie, T. Y. Xing, X. A. Xiong, Q. L. Xiu, G. F. Xu, J. J. Xu, L. Xu, Q. J. Xu, W. Xu, X. P. Xu, F. Yan, L. Yan, W. B. Yan, W. C. Yan, Y. H. Yan, H. J. Yang, H. X. Yang, L. Yang, R. X. Yang, S. L. Yang, Y. H. Yang, Y. X. Yang, PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 124, 032002 (2020)

M. Ablikim, M. N. Achasov, P. Adlarson, S. Ahmed, M. Albrecht, R. Aliberti, A. Amoroso , Q. An, Anita, X. H. Bai , Y. Bai, O. Bakina, R. Baldini Ferroli, I. Balossino , Y. Ban , K. Begzsuren, J. V. Bennett, N. Berger, M. Bertani, D. Bettoni, F. Bianchi , J Biernat, J. Bloms, A. Bortone , I. Boyko, R. A. Briere, H. Cai, X. Cai , A. Calcaterra , G. F. Cao, N. Cao, S. A. Cetin , J. F. Chang, W. L. Chang, G. Chelkov, D. Y. Chen, G. Chen, H. S. Chen, M. L. Chen, S. J. Chen, X. R. Chen, Y. B. Chen, Z. J Chen, W. S. Cheng , G. Cibinetto, F. Cossio , X. F. Cui, H. L. Dai, J. P. Dai , X. C. Dai, A. Dbeyssi, R. B. de Boer, D. Dedovich, Z. Y. Deng, A. Denig, I. Denysenko, M. Destefanis , F. De Mori , Y. Ding, C. Dong, J. Dong, L. Y. Dong, M. Y. Dong, S. X. Du, J. Fang, S. S. Fang, Y. Fang, R. Farinelli , L. Fava , F. Feldbauer, G. Felici , C. Q. Feng, M. Fritsch, C. D. Fu, Y. Fu, X. L. Gao, Y. Gao, Y. Gao , Y. G. Gao, I. Garzia , E. M. Gersabeck, A. Gilman, K. Goetzen, L. Gong, W. X. Gong, W. Gradl, M. Greco , L. M. Gu, M. H. Gu, S. Gu, Y. T. Gu, C. Y Guan, A. Q. Guo, L. B. Guo, R. P. Guo, Y. P. Guo, Y. P. Guo, A. Guskov, S. Han, T. T. Han, T. Z. Han, X. Q. Hao, F. A. Harris, K. L. He, F. H. Heinsius, C. H. Heinz, T. Held, Y. K. Heng, M. Himmelreich , T. Holtmann, Y. R. Hou, Z. L. Hou, H. M. Hu, J. F. Hu, T. Hu, Y. Hu, G. S. Huang, L. Q. Huang, X. T. Huang, Y. P. Huang, Z. Huang, N. Huesken, T. Hussain, W. Ikegami Andersson, W. Imoehl, M. Irshad, S. Jaeger, S. Janchiv , Q. Ji, Q. P. Ji, X. B. Ji, X. L. Ji, H. B. Jiang , X. S. Jiang , X. Y. Jiang, J. B. Jiao, Z. Jiao , S. Jin, Y. Jin, T. Johansson, N. Kalantar-Nayestanaki, X. S. Kang, R. Kappert, M. Kavatsyuk, B. C. Ke, I. K. Keshk, A. Khoukaz, P. Kiese, R. Kiuchi, R. Kliemt, L. Koch, O. B. Kolcu, B. Kopf, M. Kuemmel, M. Kuessner, A. Kupsc, M. G. Kurth, W. Kühn, J. J. Lane, J. S. Lange, P. Larin, L. Lavezzi , H. Leithoff, M. Lellmann, T. Lenz, C. Li, C. H. Li, Cheng Li, D. M. Li, F. Li, G. Li, H. Li, H. B. Li, H. J. Li, J. L. Li, J. Q. Li, Ke Li, L. K. Li, Lei Li, P. L. Li, P. R. Li, S. Y. Li, W. D. Li, W. G. Li, X. H. Li, X. L. Li, Z. B. Li, Z. Y. Li, H. Liang , H. Liang , Y. F. Liang, Y. T. Liang, L. Z. Liao, J. Libby, C. X. Lin, B. Liu , B. J. Liu, C. X. Liu, D. Liu, D. Y. Liu , F. H. Liu, Fang Liu, Feng Liu, H. B. Liu, H. M. Liu, Huanhuan Liu, Huihui Liu, J. B. Liu, J. Y. Liu, K. Liu, K. Y. Liu, Ke Liu, L. Liu, Q. Liu, S. B. Liu, Shuai Liu, T. Liu, X. Liu, Y. B. Liu, Z. A. Liu, Z. Q. Liu, Y. F. Long , X. C. Lou, F. X. Lu, H. J. Lu, J. D. Lu, J. G. Lu, X. L. Lu, Y. Lu, Y. P. Lu, C. L. Luo, M. X. Luo, P. W. Luo, T. Luo, X. L. Luo, S. Lusso , X. R. Lyu, F. C. Ma, H. L. Ma, L. L. Ma, M. M. Ma, Q. M. Ma, R. Q. Ma, R. T. Ma, X. N. Ma, X. X. Ma, X. Y. Ma, Y. M. Ma, F. E. Maas, M. Maggiora , S. Maldaner, S. Malde, Q. A. Malik, A. Mangoni , Y. J. Mao , Z. P. Mao, S. Marcello , Z. X. Meng, J. G. Messchendorp, G. Mezzadri, T. J. Min, R. E. Mitchell, X. H. Mo , Y. J. Mo, N. Yu. Muchnoi, H. Muramatsu, S. Nakhoul , Y. Nefedov, F. Nerling , I. B. Nikolaev, Z. Ning, S. Nisar, S. L. Olsen, Q. Ouyang, S. Pacetti , X. Pan, Y. Pan, A. Pathak, P. Patteri, M. Pelizaeus, H. P. Peng, K. Peters , J. Pettersson, J. L. Ping, R. G. Ping, A. Pitka, R. Poling , V. Prasad , H. Qi, H. R. Qi, M. Qi, T. Y. Qi, T. Y. Qi, S. Qian, W.-B. Qian, Z. Qian, C. F. Qiao, L. Q. Qin, X. S. Qin, Z. H. Qin, J. F. Qiu, S. Q. Qu, K. H. Rashid, K. Ravindran, C. F. Redmer, A. Rivetti , V. Rodin, M. Rolo , G. Rong, Ch. Rosner, M. Rump, A. Sarantsev, Y. Schelhaas, C. Schnier, K. Schoenning, M. Scodeggio , D. C. Shan, W. Shan, X. Y. Shan, M. Shao, C. P. Shen, P. X. Shen, X. Y. Shen, H. C. Shi, R. S. Shi, X. Shi, X. D Shi, J. J. Song, Q. Q. Song, W. M. Song, Y. X. Song, S. Sosio , S. Spataro , F. F. Sui, G. X. Sun, J. F. Sun, L. Sun, S. S. Sun, T. Sun, W. Y. Sun, X Sun, Y. J. Sun, Y. K. Sun, Y. Z. Sun, Z. T. Sun, Y. H. Tan, Y. X. Tan, C. J. Tang, G. Y. Tang, J. Tang, V. Thoren, B. Tsednee, I. Uman, B. Wang, B. L. Wang, C. W. Wang, D. Y. Wang, H. P. Wang, K. Wang, L. L. Wang, M. Wang, M. Z. Wang, Meng Wang, W. H. Wang, W. P. Wang, X. Wang, X. F. Wang, X. L. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. D. Wang, Y. F. Wang, Y. Q. Wang, Z. Wang, Z. Y. Wang, Ziyi Wang, Zongyuan Wang, D. H. Wei, P. Weidenkaff, F. Weidner, S. P. Wen, D. J. White, U. Wiedner, G. Wilkinson, M. Wolke, L. Wollenberg, J. F. Wu, L. H. Wu, L. J. Wu, X. Wu, Z. Wu, L. Xia, H. Xiao, S. Y. Xiao, Y. J. Xiao, Z. J. Xiao, X. H. Xie, Y. G. Xie, Y. H. Xie, T. Y. Xing, X. A. Xiong, G. F. Xu, J. J. Xu, Q. J. Xu, W. Xu, X. P. Xu, F. Yan, L. Yan, L. Yan , W. B. Yan, W. C. Yan, Xu Yan, H. J. Yang , H. X. Yang, L. Yang, R. X. Yang, S. L. Yang, Y. H. Yang, Y. X. Yang, Yifan Yang, Zhi Yang, M. Ye, M. H. Ye, J. H. Yin, Z. Y. You, B. X. Yu, C. X. Yu, G. Yu, J. S. Yu, T. Yu, C. Z. Yuan, W. Yuan , X. Q. Yuan, Y. Yuan, Z. Y. Yuan, C. X. Yue, A. Yuncu, A. A. Zafar, Y. Zeng, B. X. Zhang, Guangyi Zhang, H. H. Zhang, H. Y. Zhang, J. L. Zhang, J. Q. Zhang, J. W. Zhang, J. Y. Zhang, J. Z. Zhang, Jianyu Zhang, Jiawei Zhang, L. Zhang, Lei Zhang, S. Zhang, S. F. Zhang, T. J. Zhang , X. Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. H. Zhang, Y. T. Zhang, Yan Zhang, Yao Zhang, Yi Zhang, Z. H. Zhang, Z. Y. Zhang, G. Zhao, J. Zhao, J. Y. Zhao, J. Z. Zhao, Lei Zhao , Ling Zhao, M. G. Zhao, Q. Zhao, S. J. Zhao, Y. B. Zhao, Y. X. Zhao, Z. G. Zhao, A. Zhemchugov, B. Zheng, J. P. Zheng, Y. Zheng, Y. H. Zheng, B. Zhong, C. Zhong, L. P. Zhou, Q. Zhou, X. Zhou, X. K. Zhou, X. R. Zhou, A. N. Zhu, J. Zhu, K. Zhu, K. J. Zhu, S. H. Zhu, W. J. Zhu, X. L. Zhu, Y. C. Zhu, Z. A. Zhu, B. S. Zou, J. H. Zou

M. Ablikim(麦迪娜), M. N. Achasov, P. Adlarson, S. Ahmed, M. Albrecht, A. Amoroso , Q. An(安琪), Anita, Y. Bai(白羽), O. Bakina, R. Baldini Ferroli, I. Balossino , Y. Ban(班勇), K. Begzsuren, J. V. Bennett, N. Berger , M. Bertani, D. Bettoni, F. Bianchi , J Biernat, J. Bloms , A. Bortone , I. Boyko, R. A. Briere, H. Cai(蔡浩), X. Cai(蔡啸), A. Calcaterra , G. F. Cao(曹国富), N. Cao(曹宁), S. A. Cetin , J. F. Chang(常劲帆), W. L. Chang(常万玲), G. Chelkov, D. Y. Chen(陈端友), G. Chen(陈刚), H. S. Chen(陈和 生), M. L. Chen(陈玛丽), S. J. Chen(陈申见), X. R. Chen(陈旭荣), Y. B. Chen(陈元柏), W. Cheng(成伟帅) , G. Cibinetto, F. Cossio , X. F. Cui(崔小非), H. L. Dai(代洪亮), J. P. Dai(代建平), X. C. Dai(戴鑫琛), A. Dbeyssi, R. B. de Boer, D. Dedovich, Z. Y. Deng(邓子艳), A. Denig, I. Denysenko, M. Destefanis , F. De Mori , Y. Ding(丁勇), C. Dong(董超), J. Dong(董静), L. Y. Dong(董燎原), M. Y. Dong(董明义), S. X. Du(杜书先), J. Fang(方建), S. S. Fang(房双世), Y. Fang(方易), R. Farinelli , L. Fava , F. Feldbauer, G. Felici, C. Q. Feng(封常青), M. Fritsch, C. D. Fu(傅成栋), Y. Fu(付颖), X. L. Gao(高鑫磊), Y. Gao(高雅), Y. Gao(高原宁), Y. G. Gao(高勇贵), I. Garzia , E. M. Gersabeck, A. Gilman, K. Goetzen, L. Gong(龚丽), W. X. Gong(龚文煊), W. Gradl, M. Greco , L. M. Gu(谷立民), M. H. Gu(顾皓), S. Gu(顾 珊), Y. T. Gu(顾运厅), C. Y Guan(关春懿), A. Q. Guo(郭爱强), L. B. Guo(郭立波), R. P. Guo(郭如盼), Y. P. Guo(郭玉萍), A. Guskov, S. Han(韩爽), T. T. Han(韩婷婷), T. Z. Han(韩童竹), X. Q. Hao(郝喜庆), F. A. Harris, K. L. He(何康林), F. H. Heinsius, T. Held, Y. K. Heng(衡月昆), M. Himmelreich, T. Holtmann, Y. R. Hou(侯颖锐), Z. L. Hou(侯治龙), H. M. Hu(胡海明), J. F. Hu(胡继峰), T. Hu(胡涛), Y. Hu(胡誉), G. S. Huang(黄光顺), L. Q. Huang(黄麟钦), X. T. Huang(黄性涛), N. Huesken, T. Hussain, W. Ikegami Andersson, W. Imoehl, M. Irshad, S. Jaeger, Q. Ji(纪全), Q. P. Ji(姬清平), X. B. Ji(季晓斌), X. L. Ji(季筱 璐), H. B. Jiang(姜侯兵), X. S. Jiang(江晓山), X. Y. Jiang(蒋兴雨), J. B. Jiao(焦健斌), Z. Jiao(焦铮), S. Jin(金 山), Y. Jin(金毅), T. Johansson , N. Kalantar-Nayestanaki, X. S. Kang(康晓), R. Kappert, M. Kavatsyuk, B. C. Ke(柯百谦), I. K. Keshk, A. Khoukaz, P. Kiese, R. Kiuchi, R. Kliemt, L. Koch, O. B. Kolcu , B. Kopf, M. Kuemmel, M. Kuessner, A. Kupsc, M. G. Kurth, W. Kühn, J. J. Lane, J. S. Lange, P. Larin, L. Lavezzi, H. Leithoff, M. Lellmann, T. Lenz, C. Li(李翠), C. H. Li(李春花), Cheng Li(李澄), D. M. Li(李 德民), F. Li(李飞), G. Li(李刚), H. B. Li(李海波), H. J. Li(李惠静) , J. L. Li(李井文), J. Q. Li, Ke Li(李科), L. K. Li(李龙科), Lei Li(李蕾), P. L. Li(李佩莲), P. R. Li(李培荣), W. D. Li(李卫东), W. G. Li(李卫国), X. H. Li(李旭红), X. L. Li(李晓玲), Z. B. Li(李志兵), Z. Y. Li(李紫源), H. Liang(梁昊), H. Liang(梁浩), Y. F. Liang(梁勇飞), Y. T. Liang(梁羽铁), L. Z. Liao(廖龙洲), J. Libby, C. X. Lin(林创新), B. Liu(刘冰), B. J. Liu(刘北江), C. X. Liu(刘春秀), D. Liu(刘栋), D. Y. Liu(刘殿宇), F. H. Liu(刘福虎), Fang Liu(刘芳), Feng Liu(刘峰), H. B. Liu(刘宏邦), H. M. Liu(刘怀民), Huanhuan Liu(刘欢欢), Huihui Liu(刘汇慧), J. B. Liu(刘建 北), J. Y. Liu(刘晶译), K. Liu(刘凯), K. Y. Liu(刘魁勇), Ke Liu(刘珂), L. Liu(刘亮), L. Y. Liu(刘令芸), Q. Liu(刘倩), S. B. Liu(刘树彬), T. Liu(刘桐), X. Liu(刘翔), Y. B. Liu(刘玉斌), Z. A. Liu(刘振安), Zhiqing Liu(刘智青), Y. F. Long(龙云飞), X. C. 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We study the hadronic decays of \begin{document}$ \Lambda_{c}^{+} $\end{document} to the final states \begin{document}$ \Sigma^{+}\eta $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ \Sigma^+\eta^\prime $\end{document} , using an \begin{document}$ e^+e^- $\end{document} annihilation data sample of 567 pb-1 taken at a center-of-mass energy of 4.6 GeV with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider. We find evidence for the decays \begin{document}$ \Lambda_{c}^{+}\rightarrow\Sigma^{+}\eta $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ \Sigma^+\eta^\prime $\end{document} with statistical significance of \begin{document}$ 2.5\sigma $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ 3.2\sigma $\end{document} , respectively. Normalizing to the reference decays \begin{document}$ \Lambda_c^+\to\Sigma^+\pi^0 $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ \Sigma^+\omega $\end{document} , we obtain the ratios of the branching fractions \begin{document}$ \displaystyle\frac{{\mathcal B}(\Lambda_c^+\to\Sigma^+\eta)}{{\mathcal B}(\Lambda_c^+\to\Sigma^+\pi^0)} $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ \displaystyle\frac{{\mathcal B}(\Lambda_c^+\to\Sigma^+\eta^\prime)}{{\mathcal B}(\Lambda_c^+\to\Sigma^+\omega)} $\end{document} to be \begin{document}$ 0.35 \pm 0.16 \pm 0.02 $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ 0.86 \pm 0.34 \pm 0.04 $\end{document} , respectively. The upper limits at the 90% confidence level are set to be \begin{document}$ \displaystyle\frac{{\mathcal B}(\Lambda_c^+\to\Sigma^+\eta)}{{\mathcal B}(\Lambda_c^+\to\Sigma^+\pi^0)} and \begin{document}$ \displaystyle\frac{{\mathcal B}(\Lambda_c^+\to\Sigma^+\eta^\prime)}{{\mathcal B}(\Lambda_c^+\to\Sigma^+\omega)} . Using BESIII measurements of the branching fractions of the reference decays, we determine \begin{document}$ \mathcal{B}({\Lambda_{c}^{+}\rightarrow\Sigma^{+}\eta}) = (0.41\pm0.19\pm0.05) $\end{document} % ( \begin{document}$ \mathcal{B}({\Lambda_{c}^{+}\rightarrow\Sigma^{+}\eta'}) = (1.34\pm0.53\pm0.19) $\end{document} % ( \begin{document}$ \Lambda_c^+\to\Sigma^+\eta $\end{document} is consistent with the previous measurement, and the branching fraction of \begin{document}$ \Lambda_{c}^{+}\rightarrow\Sigma^{+}\eta^{\prime} $\end{document} is measured for the first time.

Using 5.2 fb(-1) e(+)e(-) annihilation data samples collected with the BESIII detector, we measure the cross sections of e(+)e(-)->(KSK +/-)-K-0 pi(-/+)pi(0) and (KSK +/-)-K-0 pi(-/+)eta at center-of-mass energies from 3.90 to 4.60 GeV. In addition, we search for the charmoniumlike resonance Y(4260) decays into (KSK +/-)-K-0 pi(-/+)pi(0) and (KSK +/-)-K-0 pi(-/+)eta and Z(c)(0,+/-) (3900) decays into (KSK +/-)-K-0 pi(-/+,0) and (KSK +/-)-K-0 eta. Corresponding upper limits are provided since no clear signal is observed.

Using an e(+)e(-) annihilation data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.19 fb(-1) and collected at a center-of-mass energy root s = 4.178 GeV with the BESIII detector, we measure ...

A search for the rare radiative leptonic decay D-s(+) -> gamma e(+)nu(e) is performed for the first time using electron-positron collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.19 fb(-1), collected with the BESIII detector at a center-of-mass energy of 4.178 GeV. No evidence for the D-s(+) -> gamma e(+)nu(e) decay is seen, and an upper limit of beta(D-s(+) -> gamma e(+)nu(e)) < 1.3 x 10(-4) is set on the partial branching fraction at a 90% confidence level for radiative photon energies E-gamma* > 0.01 GeV.

M. Ablikim, M. N. Achasov, S. Ahmed, M. Albrecht, M. Alekseev, A. Amoroso, F. F. An, Q. An, Y. Bai, O. Bakina, R. Baldini Ferroli, Y. Ban, K. Begzsuren, D.W. Bennett, J. V. Bennett, N. Berger, M. Bertani, D. Bettoni, F. Bianchi, I. Boyko, R. A. Briere, H. Cai, X. Cai, A. Calcaterra, G. F. Cao, S. A. Cetin, J. Chai, J. F. Chang, W. L. Chang, G. Chelkov, G. Chen, H. S. Chen, J. C. Chen, M. L. Chen, P. L. Chen, S. J. Chen, Y. B. Chen, W. Cheng, G. Cibinetto, F. Cossio, H. L. Dai, J. P. Dai, A. Dbeyssi, D. Dedovich, Z. Y. Deng, A. Denig, I. Denysenko, M. Destefanis, F. De Mori, Y. Ding, C. Dong, J. Dong, L. Y. Dong, M. Y. Dong, Z. L. Dou, S. X. Du, P. F. Duan, J. Z. Fan, J. Fang, S. S. Fang, Y. Fang, R. Farinelli, L. Fava, S. Fegan, F. Feldbauer, G. Felici, C. Q. Feng, M. Fritsch, C. D. Fu, Y. Fu, Q. Gao, X. L. Gao, Y. Gao, Y. G. Gao, Z. Gao, B. Garillon, I. Garzia, A. Gilman, K. Goetzen, L. Gong, W. X. Gong, W. Gradl, M. Greco, L. M. Gu, M. H. Gu, Y. T. Gu, A. Q. Guo, L. B. Guo, R. P. Guo, Y. P. Guo, A. Guskov, Z. Haddadi, S. Han, X. Q. Hao, F. A. Harris, K. L. He, F. H. Heinsius, T. Held, Y. K. Heng, Z. L. Hou, H. M. Hu, J. F. Hu, T. Hu, Y. Hu, G. S. Huang, J. S. Huang, X. T. Huang, X. Z. Huang, Z. L. Huang, T. Hussain, N. Hsken, W. Ikegami Andersson, M. Irshad, Q. Ji, Q. P. Ji, X. B. Ji, X. L. Ji, X. S. Jiang, X. Y. Jiang, J. B. Jiao, Z. Jiao, D. P. Jin, S. Jin, Y. Jin, T. Johansson, A. Julin, N. Kalantar-Nayestanaki, X. S. Kang, M. Kavatsyuk, B. C. Ke, I. K. Keshk, T. Khan, A. Khoukaz, P. Kiese, R. Kiuchi, R. Kliemt, L. Koch, O. B. Kolcu, B. Kopf, M. Kornicer, M. Kuemmel, M. Kuessner, A. Kupsc, M. Kurth, W. Kühn, J. S. Lange, P. Larin, L. Lavezzi, S. Leiber, H. Leithoff, C. Li, Cheng Li, D. M. Li, F. Li, F. Y. Li, G. Li, H. B. Li, H. J. Li, J. C. Li, J. W. Li, Ke Li, Lei Li, P. L. Li, P. R. Li, Q. Y. Li, T. Li, W. D. Li, W. G. Li, X. L. Li, X. N. Li, X. Q. Li, Z. B. Li, H. Liang, Y. F. Liang, Y. T. Liang, G. R. Liao, L. Z. Liao, J. Libby, C. X. Lin, D. X. Lin, B. Liu, B. J. Liu, C. X. Liu, D. Liu, D. Y. Liu, F. H. Liu, Fang Liu, Feng Liu, H. B. Liu, H. L. Liu, H. M. Liu, Huanhuan Liu, Huihui Liu, J. B. Liu, J. Y. Liu, K. Y. Liu, Ke Liu, Q. Liu, S. B. Liu, X. Liu, Y. B. Liu, Z. A. Liu, Zhiqing Liu, Y. F. Long, X. C. Lou, H. J. Lu, J. D. Lu, J. G. Lu, Y. Lu, Y. P. Lu, C. L. Luo, M. X. Luo, T. Luo, X. L. Luo, S. Lusso, X. R. Lyu, F. C. Ma, H. L. Ma, L. L. Ma, M.M. Ma, Q. M. Ma, X. N. Ma, X. X. Ma, X. Y. Ma, Y. M. Ma, F. E. Maas, M. Maggiora, S. Maldaner, Q. A. Malik, A. Mangoni, Y. J. Mao, Z. P. Mao, S. Marcello, Z. X. Meng, J. G. Messchendorp, G. Mezzadri, J. Min, T. J. Min, R. E. Mitchell, X. H. Mo, Y. J. Mo, C. Morales Morales, N. Yu. Muchnoi, H. Muramatsu, A. Mustafa, S. Nakhoul, Y. Nefedov, F. Nerling, I. B. Nikolaev, Z. Ning, S. Nisar, S. L. Niu, S. L. Olsen, Q. Ouyang, S. Pacetti, Y. Pan, M. Papenbrock, P. Patteri, M. Pelizaeus, J. Pellegrino, H. P. Peng, K. Peters, J. Pettersson, J. L. Ping, R. G. Ping, A. Pitka, R. Poling, V. Prasad, H. R. Qi, M. Qi, T. Y. Qi, S. Qian, C. F. Qiao, N. Qin, X. S. Qin, Z. H. Qin, J. F. Qiu, S. Q. Qu, K. H. Rashid, C. F. Redmer, M. Richter, M. Ripka, A. Rivetti, M. Rolo, G. Rong, Ch. Rosner, M. Rump, A. Sarantsev, M. Savrié, K. Schoenning, W. Shan, X. Y. Shan, M. Shao, C. P. Shen, P. X. Shen, X. Y. Shen, H. Y. Sheng, X. Shi, J. J. Song, W.M. Song, X. Y. Song, S. Sosio, C. Sowa, S. Spataro, G. X. Sun, J. F. Sun, L. Sun, S. S. Sun, X. H. Sun, Y. J. Sun, Y. K. Sun, Y. Z. Sun, Z. J. Sun, Z. T. Sun, Y. T. Tan, C. J. Tang, G. Y. Tang, X. Tang, M. Tiemens, B. Tsednee, I. Uman, B. Wang, B. L. Wang, C.W. Wang, D. Y. Wang, Dan Wang, K. Wang, L. L. Wang, L. S. Wang, M. Wang, Meng Wang, P. Wang, P. L. Wang, W. P. Wang, X. F. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. F. Wang, Z. Wang, Z. G. Wang, Z. Y. Wang, Zongyuan Wang, T. Weber, D. H. Wei, P. Weidenkaff, S. P. Wen, U. Wiedner, M. Wolke, L. H. Wu, L. J. Wu, Z. Wu, L. Xia, X. Xia, Y. Xia, D. Xiao, Y. J. Xiao, Z. J. Xiao, Y. G. Xie, Y. H. Xie, X. A. Xiong, Q. L. Xiu, G. F. Xu, J. J. Xu, L. Xu, Q. J. Xu, X. P. Xu, F. Yan, L. Yan, W. B. Yan, W. C. Yan, Y. H. Yan, H. J. Yang, H. X. Yang, L. Yang, R. X. Yang, S. L. Yang, Y. H. Yang, Y. X. Yang, Yifan Yang, Z. Q. Yang, M. Ye, M. H. Ye, J. H. Yin, Z. Y. You, B. X. Yu, C. X. Yu, J. S. Yu, C. Z. Yuan, Y. Yuan, A. Yuncu, A. A. Zafar, Y. Zeng, B. X. Zhang, B. Y. Zhang, C. C. Zhang, D. H. Zhang, H. H. Zhang, H. Y. Zhang, J. Zhang, J. L. Zhang, J. Q. Zhang, J. W. Zhang, J. Y. Zhang, J. Z. Zhang, K. Zhang, L. Zhang, S. F. Zhang, T. J. Zhang, X. Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Y. H. Zhang, Y. T. Zhang, Yang Zhang, Yao Zhang, Yu Zhang, Z. H. Zhang, Z. P. Zhang, Z. Y. Zhang, G. Zhao, J. W. Zhao, J. Y. Zhao, J. Z. Zhao, Lei Zhao, Ling Zhao, M. G. Zhao, Q. Zhao, S. J. Zhao, T. C. Zhao, Y. B. Zhao, Z. G. Zhao, A. Zhemchugov, B. Zheng, J. P. Zheng, W. J. Zheng, Y. H. Zheng, B. Zhong, L. Zhou, Q. Zhou, X. Zhou, X. K. Zhou, X. R. Zhou, PHYSICAL REVIEW D 99, 012003 (2019)

M. Ablikim a, M.N. Achasov i,4, S. Ahmed n, M. Albrecht d, A. Amoroso bf,bh, F.F. An a, Q. An bc,ap, J.Z. Bai a, Y. Bai ao, O. Bakina z, R. Baldini Ferroli t, Y. Ban ah, D.W. Bennett s, J.V. Bennett e, N. Berger y, M. Bertani t, D. Bettoni v, J.M. Bian az, F. Bianchi bf,bh, E. Boger z,2, I. Boyko z, R.A. Briere e, H. Cai bj, X. Cai a,ap, O. Cakir as, A. Calcaterra t, G.F. Cao a,aw, S.A. Cetin at, J. Chai bh, J.F. Chang a,ap, G. Chelkov z,2,3, G. Chen a, H.S. Chen a,aw, J.C. Chen a, M.L. Chen a,ap, P.L. Chen bd, S.J. Chen af, X.R. Chen ac, Y.B. Chen a,ap, X.K. Chu ah, G. Cibinetto v, H.L. Dai a,ap, J.P. Dai ak,8, A. Dbeyssi n, D. Dedovich z, Z.Y. Deng a, A. Denig y, I. Denysenko z, M. Destefanis bf,bh, F. De Mori bf,bh, Y. Ding ad, C. Dong ag, J. Dong a,ap, L.Y. Dong a,aw, M.Y. Dong a,ap,aw, Z.L. Dou af, S.X. Du bl, P.F. Duan a, J. Fang a,ap, S.S. Fang a,aw, Y. Fang a, R. Farinelli v,w, L. Fava bg,bh, S. Fegan y, F. Feldbauer y, G. Felici t, C.Q. Feng bc,ap, E. Fioravanti v, M. Fritsch y,n, C.D. Fu a, Q. Gao a, X.L. Gao bc,ap, Y. Gao ar, Y.G. Gao f, Z. Gao bc,ap, B. Garillon y, I. Garzia v, K. Goetzen j, L. Gong ag, W.X. Gong a,ap, W. Gradl y, M. Greco bf,bh, M.H. Gu a,ap, Y.T. Gu l, A.Q. Guo a, R.P. Guo a,aw, Y.P. Guo y, Z. Haddadi ab, S. Han bj, X.Q. Hao o, F.A. Harris ax, K.L. He a,aw, X.Q. He bb, F.H. Heinsius d, T. Held d, Y.K. Heng a,ap,aw, T. Holtmann d, Z.L. Hou a, H.M. Hu a,aw, T. Hu a,ap,aw, Y. Hu a, G.S. Huang bc,ap, J.S. Huang o, X.T. Huang aj, X.Z. Huang af, Z.L. Huang ad, T. Hussain be, W. Ikegami Andersson bi, Q. Ji a, Q.P. Ji o, X.B. Ji a,aw, X.L. Ji a,ap, X.S. Jiang a,ap,aw, X.Y. Jiang ag, J.B. Jiao aj, Z. Jiao q, D.P. Jin a,ap,aw, S. Jin a,aw, Y. Jin ay, T. Johansson bi, A. Julin az, N. Kalantar-Nayestanaki ab, X.L. Kang a, X.S. Kang ag, M. Kavatsyuk ab, B.C. Ke e, T. Khan bc,ap, A. Khoukaz ba, P. Kiese y, R. Kliemt j, L. Koch aa, O.B. Kolcu at,6, B. Kopf d, M. Kornicer ax, M. Kuemmel d, M. Kuessner d, M. Kuhlmann d, A. Kupsc bi, W. Kühn aa, J.S. Lange aa, M. Lara s, P. Larin n, L. Lavezzi bh, H. Leithoff y, C. Leng bh, C. Li bi, Cheng Li bc,ap, D.M. Li bl, F. Li a,ap, F.Y. Li ah, G. Li a, H.B. Li a,aw, H.J. Li a,aw, J.C. Li a, Jin Li ai, K.J. Li aq, Kang Li m, Ke Li aj, Lei Li c, P.L. Li bc,ap, P.R. Li aw,g, Q.Y. Li aj, W.D. Li a,aw, W.G. Li a, X.L. Li aj, X.N. Li a,ap, X.Q. Li ag, Z.B. Li aq, H. Liang bc,ap, Y.F. Liang am, Y.T. Liang aa, G.R. Liao k, D.X. Lin n, B. Liu ak,8, B.J. Liu a, C.X. Liu a, D. Liu bc,ap, F.H. Liu al, Fang Liu a, Feng Liu f, H.B. Liu l, H.M. Liu a,aw, Huanhuan Liu a, Huihui Liu p, J.B. Liu bc,ap, J.Y. Liu a,aw, K. Liu ar, K.Y. Liu ad, Ke Liu f, L.D. Liu ah, P.L. Liu a,ap, Q. Liu aw, S.B. Liu bc,ap, X. Liu ac, Y.B. Liu ag, Z.A. Liu a,ap,aw, Zhiqing Liu y, Y.F. Long ah, X.C. Lou a,ap,aw, H.J. Lu q, J.G. Lu a,ap, Y. Lu a, Y.P. Lu a,ap, C.L. Luo ae, M.X. Luo bk, X.L. Luo a,ap, X.R. Lyu aw, F.C. Ma ad, H.L. Ma a, L.L. Ma aj, M.M. Ma a,aw, Q.M. Ma a, T. Ma a, X.N. Ma ag, X.Y. Ma a,ap, Y.M. Ma aj, F.E. Maas n, M. Maggiora bf,bh, Q.A. Malik be, Y.J. Mao ah, Z.P. Mao a, S. Marcello bf,bh, Z.X. Meng ay, J.G. Messchendorp ab, G. Mezzadri w, J. Min a,ap, T.J. Min a, R.E. Mitchell s, X.H. Mo a,ap,aw, Y.J. Mo f, C. Morales Morales n, N.Yu. Muchnoi i,4, H. Muramatsu az, A. Mustafa d, Y. Nefedov z, F. Nerling j, I.B. Nikolaev i,4, Z. Ning a,ap, S. Nisar h, S.L. Niu a,ap, X.Y. Niu a,aw, S.L. Olsen ai,10, Q. Ouyang a,ap,aw, S. Pacetti u, Y. Pan bc,ap,∗, M. Papenbrock bi, P. Patteri t,

Using a $3.19~mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ data sample collected at an $e^+e^-$ center-of-mass energy of $E_{rm cm}=4.178$ GeV with the BESIII detector, we measure the branching fraction of the leptonic decay $D_s^+tomu^+nu_mu$ to be $mathcal{B}_{D_s^+tomu^+nu_mu}=(5.49pm0.16_{rm stat.}pm0.15_{rm syst.})times10^{-3}$. Combining our branching fraction with the masses of the $D_s^+$ and $mu^+$ and the lifetime of the $D_s^+$, we determine $f_{D_s^+}|V_{cs}|=246.2pm3.6_{rm stat.}pm3.5_{rm syst.}~mathrm{MeV}$. Using the $cto s$ quark mixing matrix element $|V_{cs}|$ determined from a global standard model fit, we evaluate the $D_s^+$ decay constant $f_{D_s^+}=252.9pm3.7_{rm stat.}pm3.6_{rm syst.}$,MeV. Alternatively, using the value of $f_{D_s^+}$ calculated by lattice quantum chromodynamics, we find $|V_{cs}| = 0.985pm0.014_{rm stat.}pm0.014_{rm syst.}$. These values of $mathcal{B}_{D_s^+tomu^+nu_mu}$, $f_{D_s^+}|V_{cs}|$, $f_{D_s^+}$ and $|V_{cs}|$ are each the most precise results to date.

Using a data sample of $(448.1\pm2.9)\times 10^6~\psi(3686)$ events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, we present measurements of branching fractions for the decays $\chi_{cJ} \rightarrow \Sigma^+ \bar{\Sigma}^-$ and $\Sigma^0 \bar{\Sigma}^0$. The decays $\chi_{c1,2}\rightarrow \Sigma^+ \bar{\Sigma}^-$ and $\Sigma^0 \bar{\Sigma}^0$ are observed for the first time, and the branching fractions for $\chi_{c0}\rightarrow \Sigma^+ \bar{\Sigma}^-$ and $\Sigma^0 \bar{\Sigma}^0$ decays are measured with improved precision. The branching fraction ratios between the charged and neutral modes are consistent with the prediction of isospin symmetry.

Using a sample of 448.1×106  ψ(3686) events collected with the BESIII detector in 2009 and 2012, we study the decays χc0,2→η′η′ and ηη′. The decays χc2→η′η′, χc0→ηη′ and χc2→ηη′ are observed for th ...

Many steroid hormones contain a Delta(4)-3-ketosteroid functionality that undergoes sequential reduction by 5 alpha- or 5 beta- steroid reductases to produce 5 alpha- or 5 beta-dihydrosteroids; and a subsequent 3-keto-reduction to produce a series of isomeric tetrahydrosteroids. Apart from steroid 5 alpha-reductase all the remaining enzymes involved in the two step reduction process in humans belong to the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily. The enzymes involved in 3-ketosteroid reduction are AKR1C1-AKR1C4. These enzymes are promiscuous and also catalyze 20-keto- and 17-keto-steroid reduction. Interest in these reactions exist since they regulate steroid hormone metabolism in the liver, and in steroid target tissues, they may regulate steroid hormone receptor occupancy. In addition many of the dihydrosteroids are not biologically inert. The same enzymes are also involved in the metabolism of synthetic steroids e.g., hormone replacement therapeutics, contraceptive agents and inhaled glucocorticoids, and may regulate drug efficacy at their cognate receptors. This article reviews these reactions and the structural basis for substrate diversity in AKR1C1-AKR1C4, ketosteroid reductases.This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Steroid/Sterol signaling'. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Aldo–keto reductase 1C3 (AKR1C3), also known as type 5 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, is a downstream steroidogenic enzyme and converts androgen precursors to the potent androgen receptor ligands: testosterone and 5α-dihydrotestosterone. Studies have shown that AKR1C3 is involved in the development of castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and that it is a rational drug target for the treatment of CRPC. Baccharin, a component of Brazilian propolis, has been observed to exhibit a high inhibitory potency and selectivity for AKR1C3 over other AKR1C isoforms and is a promising lead compound for developing more potent and selective inhibitors. Here, we report the screening of fifteen baccharin analogs as selective inhibitors against AKR1C3 versus AKR1C2 (type 3 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase). Among these analogs, the inhibitory activity and selectivity of thirteen compounds were evaluated for the first time. The substitution of the 4-dihydrocinnamoyloxy group of baccharin by an acetate group displayed nanomolar inhibitory potency (IC50: 440 nM) and a 102-fold selectivity over AKR1C2. By contrast, when the cinnamic acid group of baccharin was esterified, there was a dramatic decrease in potency and selectivity for AKR1C3 in comparison to baccharin. Low or sub-micromolar inhibition was observed when the 3-prenyl group of baccharin was removed, and the selectivity over AKR1C2 was low. Although unsubstituted baccharin was still the most potent (IC50: 100 nM) and selective inhibitor for AKR1C3, these data provide structure–activity relationships required for the optimization of new baccharin analogs. They suggest that the carboxylate group on cinnamic acid, the prenyl group, and either retention of 4-dihydrocinnamoyloxy group or acetate substituent on cinnamic acid are important to maintain the high potency and selectivity for AKR1C3.

Cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR) is a 2-flavin protein that transfers electrons from NADPH via its FAD and FMN moieties to all microsomal cytochrome P450 enzymes, including steroidogenic and drug-metabolizing P450s. Defects in the POR gene can cause POR deficiency (PORD), manifested clinically by disordered steroidogenesis, genital anomalies and skeletal malformations. We examined the POR mutant A287P, which is the most frequent cause of PORD in patients of European ancestry and partially disrupts most P450 activities in vitro. Flavin content analysis showed that A287P is deficient in FAD and FMN binding, although the mutation site is distant from the binding sites of both flavins. Externally added flavin partially restored the cytochrome c reductase activity of A287P, suggesting that flavin therapy may be useful for this frequent form of PORD. Transient kinetic dissection of the reaction of POR with NADPH and the reduction in cytochrome c by POR using stopped-flow techniques revealed defects in individual electron transfer steps mediated by A287P. A287P had impaired ability to accept electrons from NADPH, but was capable of a fast FMN → cytochrome c electron donation reaction. Thus the reduced rates of P450 activities with A287P may be due to deficient flavin and impaired electron transfer from NADPH.