The use of robotic or laparoscopic surgery for gallbladder cancer (GBC) is increasing, with reported advantages over conventional open surgery. The purpose of this study was to compare the perioperative outcomes and postoperative overall survival (OS) associated with robotic radical resection (RRR) and laparoscopic radical resection (LRR) for GBC. A total of 109 patients with GBC who underwent radical resection with the same surgical team between January 2015 and December 2023 were enrolled, with 21 patients in the RRR group and 88 cases in the LRR group. A 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) algorithm was used to compare the surgical outcomes and postoperative prognosis between the RRR and LRR groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors of postoperative overall survival (OS) and complications of Clavien–Dindo (C–D) Grades III–IV. The median follow-up time was 46 (inter-quartile range, IQR 29–70) months for the LRR group and 16 (IQR 12–34) months for the RRR group. After PSM, the baseline characteristics of the RRR and LRR groups were generally well balanced, with 21 patients in each group. RRR was associated with significantly decreased intraoperative bleeding [100.00 (50.00, 200.00) mL vs 200.00 (100.00, 300.00) mL] and higher number of lymph nodes (LNs) yield [12.00 (9.00, 15.50) vs 8.00 (6.00, 12.00)]. The two groups showed comparable outcomes in terms of the incidence of biliary reconstruction, the range of liver resection, the length of operation, the incidence of postoperative morbidity, the incidence of C–D Grades III–IV complications, number of the days of drainage tubes indwelling and postoperative hospital stay, and mortality by postoperative days 30 and 90. After PSM, the 1-, 2-, and 3-year overall survival rates were 78, 70, and 37

Chronic hepatitis B virus (CHB) infection is one of the primary risk factors associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Despite having been extensively studied, diagnosing early-stage HCC remains challenging, and diagnosed patients have a poor (3–5%) survival rate. Identifying new approaches to detect changes in the serum metabolic profiles of patients with CHB and liver cirrhosis (LC) may provide a valuable approach to better detect HCC at an early stage when it is still amenable to treatment, thereby improving patient prognosis and survival. In the present study, we, therefore, employed a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based approach to evaluate the serum metabolic profiles of 30 CHB patients, 29 LC patients, and 30 HCC patients. We then employed appropriate statistical methods to identify those metabolites that were best able to distinguish HCC cases from LC and CHB controls. A mass-based database was then used to putatively identify these metabolites. We then confirmed the identities of a subset of these metabolites through comparisons with the MS/MS fragmentation patterns and retention times of reference standards. The serum samples were then reanalyzed to quantify the levels of these selected metabolites and of other metabolites that have previously been identified as potential HCC biomarkers. Through this approach, we observed clear differences in the metabolite profiles of the CHB, LC, and HCC patient groups in both positive- and negative-ion modes. We found that the levels of taurodeoxy cholic acid (TCA) and 1,2-diacyl-3-β-d-galactosyl-sn-glycerol rose with the progression from CHB to LC to HCC, whereas levels of 5-hydroxy-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoic acid, and glycyrrhizic acid were gradually reduced with liver disease progression in these groups. The ROC analysis showed that taurodeoxy cholic acid (TCA), 1,2-diacyl-3-β-d-galactosyl-sn-glycerol, 5-hydroxy-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z-eicosapentaenoic acid, and glycyrrhizic acid had a diagnosis performance with liver disease progression. These four metabolites have a significant correlation with alpha fetal protein (AFP) level and age. Our results highlight novel metabolic biomarkers that have the potential to be used for differentiating between CHB, LC, and HCC patients, thereby facilitating the identification and treatment of patients with early-stage HCC.

BACKGROUNDInborn error of bile acid synthesis type 4 is a peroxisomal disease with impaired bile acid synthesis caused by a-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) gene mutation.The disease is usually found in children with mild to severe liver disease, cholestasis and poor fat-soluble vitamin absorption.At present, there is no report of inborn errors of bile acid synthesis type 4 in adults with liver disease and poor fat-soluble vitamin absorption. CASE SUMMARYA 71-year-old man was hospitalized in our department for recurrent liver dysfunction.The clinical manifestations were chronic liver disease and yellow skin and sclera.Serum transaminase, bilirubin and bile acid were abnormally increased; and fat-soluble vitamins decreased.Liver cirrhosis and ascites were diagnosed by computed tomography.The patient had poor coagulation function and ascites and did not undergo liver puncture.Genetic testing showed AMACR gene missense mutation.The patient was diagnosed with inborn error of bile acid synthesis type 4.He was treated with ursodeoxycholic acid, liver protection and vitamin supplementation, and jaundice of the skin and sclera was reduced.The indicators of liver function and the quality of life were significantly improved. CONCLUSIONWhen adults have recurrent liver function abnormalities, physicians should be alert to genetic diseases and provide timely treatment.

目的 应用随机森林模型和Logistic回归模型分析新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)发病的影响因素,为COVID-19防治提供依据.方法 选择2020年1月17日—2月17日浙江省6家医院收治的COVID-19疑似病例为研究对象,通过问卷收集人口学资料、既往基础疾病、流行病学史、临床表现、实验室检测指标和肺部影像学表现等,分别建立随机森林模型和Logistic回归模型分析COVID-19发病的影响因素.结果 共纳入786例COVID-19疑似病例,其中确诊病例336例,占42.75％.随机森林模型分析结果显示,COVID-19发病的影响因素重要性排名前十位依次是白细胞计数正常或减少、胸部影像学表现、淋巴细胞计数减少、聚集性发病、发病前14天内接触来自疫区的发热或呼吸道症状患者、乏力、发病前14天内有疫区旅居史、呼吸困难、鼻塞流涕和肌肉酸痛.多因素Logistic回归模型分析结果显示,发病前14天内有疫区旅居史(OR=8.440,95％CI:4.204～16.944)、发病前14天内接触来自疫区的发热或呼吸道症状患者(OR=2.967,95％CI:1.630～5.402)、聚集性发病(OR=25.164,95％CI:11.833～53.516)、乏力(OR=2.710,95％CI:1.490～4.930)、呼吸困难(OR=5.276,95％CI:2.076～13.410)、肌肉酸痛(OR=14.187,95％CI:1.998～100.730)、白细胞计数正常或减少(OR=1.750,95％CI:1.659～1.852)和胸部影像学表现(OR=6.291,95％CI:4.315～9.171)均与COVID-19存在统计学关联.结论 两种模型的分析结果相似,随机森林模型显示各个因素在COVID-19发病中的重要程度,Logistic回归模型可直观解释不同因素的风险度.

Early determination of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia from numerous suspected cases is critical for the early isolation and treatment of patients. The purpose of the study was to develop and validate a rapid screening model to predict early COVID-19 pneumonia from suspected cases using a random forest algorithm in China. A total of 914 initially suspected COVID-19 pneumonia in multiple centers were prospectively included. The computer-assisted embedding method was used to screen the variables. The random forest algorithm was adopted to build a rapid screening model based on the training set. The screening model was evaluated by the confusion matrix and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis in the validation. The rapid screening model was set up based on 4 epidemiological features, 3 clinical manifestations, decreased white blood cell count and lymphocytes, and imaging changes on chest X-ray or computed tomography. The area under the ROC curve was 0.956, and the model had a sensitivity of 83.82% and a specificity of 89.57%. The confusion matrix revealed that the prospective screening model had an accuracy of 87.0% for predicting early COVID-19 pneumonia. Here, we developed and validated a rapid screening model that could predict early COVID-19 pneumonia with high sensitivity and specificity. The use of this model to screen for COVID-19 pneumonia have epidemiological and clinical significance.

BACKGROUND Primary bone lymphoma (PBL) is an uncommon extranodal disease that represents approximately 1%-3% of lymphomas. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) positive anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) is an extremely rare type of PBL. The aim of this report is describe the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of primary bone ALK-positive ALCL. CASE SUMMARY A 66-year-old man presented to our hospital with neck and shoulder pain and intermittent fever that lasted for 1 mo. After extensive evaluation, positron emission tomography-computed tomography (CT) examination showed multiple osteolytic bone lesions without other sites lesions. CT-guided biopsy of the T10 vertebral body was performed, and the pathology results showed that neoplastic cells were positive for ALK-1, CD30, and CD3. A diagnosis of primary bone ALK positive ALCL was ultimately made. The patient was in partial response after four cycle soft cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone chemotherapy, and we planned to repeat the biopsy and radiological examination after completion of the fifth cycle of therapy. CONCLUSION Primary bone ALK positive ALCL is a rare disease and physicians should keep in mind that ALCL can present with isolated osseous involvement without nodal involvement, and lymphoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of primary bone lesions.

Novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) has been widely spread in China and several other countries. Early finding of this pneumonia from huge numbers of suspects gives clinicians a big challenge. The aim of the study was to develop a rapid screening model for early predicting NCP in a Zhejiang population, as well as its utility in other areas. A total of 880 participants who were initially suspected of NCP from January 17 to February 19 were included. Potential predictors were selected via stepwise logistic regression analysis. The model was established based on epidemiological features, clinical manifestations, white blood cell count, and pulmonary imaging changes, with the area under receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve of 0.920. At a cut-off value of 1.0, the model could determine NCP with a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 82.3%. We further developed a simplified model by combining the geographical regions and rounding the coefficients, with the AUROC of 0.909, as well as a model without epidemiological factors with the AUROC of 0.859. The study demonstrated that the screening model was a helpful and cost-effective tool for early predicting NCP and had great clinical significance given the high activity of NCP.

BACKGROUND Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a common non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. R-CHOP is a protocol for long-term chemotherapy for DLBCL patients. Long-term chemotherapy can lead to low immunity and increase the risk of opportunistic pathogen infections in immunocompromised patients. CASE SUMMARY We report a case of coinfection with Pneumocystis jirovecii (P. jirovecii) and Legionella pneumophila (L. pneumophila) in a patient with DLBCL. The patient was a 40-year-old female who was diagnosed with DLBCL and was admitted due to pulmonary infection. P. jirovecii and L. pneumophila were detected in her bronchoalveolar lavage fluid by hexamine silver staining, isothermal amplification and metagenomic sequencing. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of P. jirovecii and L. pneumophila coinfection found in a DLBCL patient. Clinicians should be aware of the risk of complicated infection in patients undergoing long-term chemotherapy.

Nontuberculous mycobacteria infections present mostly pulmonary characteris-tics. However, the incidence of skin and soft tissue infections caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria has increased in part due to the increased popularity of cosmetic and plastic surgery. Here, we report a case of Mycobacterium agri infection. The patient underwent a one-year course of anti-infection therapy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a previously healthy patient presenting a skin and soft tissue infection caused by Mycobacterium agri. Clinical personnel should be aware of possible causes of persistent skin and soft tissue infection after cosmetic and plastic surgery.

Background: Primary bone lymphoma (PBL) is an uncommon extranodal disease that represents approximately 1-3% of lymphomas. ALK positive anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) is an extremely rare type of PBL. The aim of this report is describe the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of primary bone ALK-positive ALCL. Case presentation: A 66-year-old man presented with neck and shoulder pain and intermittent fever that lasted for one month to our hospital.After extensive evaluation, positron emission tomography (PET)-CT examination showed multiple osteolytic bone lesions without other sites lesions. CT-guided biopsy of the T10 vertebral body was performed, and the pathology results showed neoplastic cells were positive for ALK-1, CD30 and CD3. A diagnosis of primary bone ALK positive ALCL was ultimately made. The patient received four cycles of CHOP chemotherapy , and we planned to repeat the biopsy and radiological examination after completion of the fifth cycle of therapy. Conclusions: Primary bone ALK positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma is a rare disease and physicians should keep in mind that ALCL can present with isolated osseous involvement without nodal involvement, and lymphoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of primary bone lesions.

Liver cirrhosis is often considered as the final stage in the development of liver diseases. However, effective etiological treatment can change its pathological state and even reverse. The most common cause of liver cirrhosis in China is the infection of hepatitis virus. The review focuses on changes of liver fibrosis degree in patients with HBV-related cirrhosis after long-term antiviral agents, such as entecavir and tenofovir.

Weber-Christian disease (WCD) is an uncommon, idiopathic disease that is challenging to diagnose and has an unclear treatment protocol. We reviewed thirteen patients with WCD and analyzed their clinical characteristics. The purpose of this article was to improve the understanding of this rare disorder. Thirteen cases of WCD were analyzed retrospectively regarding their clinical manifestation, laboratory results, misdiagnoses, therapy, and outcome. Of the thirteen patients diagnosed with WCD, the majority were female (male to female ratio, 2:11), with a mean patient age of 50.1 years. Subcutaneous nodules were the most commonly reported symptom, followed by fever, arthralgias/arthritis, and myalgia. The laboratory results were typically nonspecific. In total, 61.5% patients were misdiagnosed before pathology confirmed the diagnosis of WCD. Most patients were treated with corticosteroids and/or immunosuppressants. Two patients were treated surgically. While long-term remission was successfully achieved in some patients, others had recurrent symptoms. WCD was predominantly observed in female patients in our cohort. Subcutaneous nodules and fever were the most common clinical characteristics. In addition, the patients’ laboratory test results were nonspecific, which led to a high misdiagnosis rate. In this study population, corticosteroid and/or immunosuppressant treatments were efficacious therapeutic interventions for WCD.

Objective To analyze the clinical and pathological features of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with hepatic steatosis.Methods Clinical and pathological data of 841 patients with CHB who underwent liver biopsy in Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital during September 2015 to September 2018 were retrospectively reviewed.One hundred and thirty five gender and age-matched pairs of steatosis and non-steatosis patients entered the analysis.Multivariable Logistic regression and rank sum test were used to analyze the clinical features and risk factors of hepatic steatosis in CHB patients .Spearman correlation test was used to analyze the correlation between hepatic steatosis and HBV DNA , hepatic inflammation and fibrosis status.Results Logistic regression analysis showed that overweight ／obesity ( χ2 ＝3.947, OR ＝1.436, 95%CI 1.005-2.051, P＜0.05) and hyperlipidemia (χ2 ＝4.277,OR＝1.803,95%CI 1.031-3.151, P＜0.05) were the risk factors for hepatic steatosis in CHB patients.There was no correlation of hepatic steatosis with serum HBeAg and HBV DNA levels (Z＝-1.762,r＝-0.011, both P＞0.05). However, hepatic steatosis was negatively correlated with inflammatory grade and fibrosis grade of the liver (r＝-0.146 and -0.192, both P＜0.05).Conclusions Overweight／obesity and hyperlipidemia are associated with steatosis in CHB patients.Hepatic steatosis may not aggravate the degree of liver inflammation and fibrosis in CHB patients.

Objective To assess the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of bacterial liver abscess in patients with or without diabetes mellitus,and to provide clinical guides for the diagnosis and treatment.Methods A total of 208 patients with bacterial liver abscess were enrolled during January 2014 and January 2018 in Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital,including 67 patients with diabetes mellitus and 141 patients without diabetes mellitus.Clinical characteristics,laboratory examinntion,imaging findings,etiology results,treatment and prognosis were analyzed.Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the prognosis between patients with and without diabetes.Results The majority of patients were male,and the fever was the most common symptom.The incidence of fight upper abdominal pain in diabetic group was lower than that in non-diabetic group(32.84％ vs 47.5％,x2=3.999,P＜0.05).Compared with non-diabetic group,the neutrophil percentage and hemoglobin A1c were (84.0-±-6.8)％and (9.8±2.6)％,which were higher (t=2.263,13.716,P＜0.05),while the albumin and hemoglobin were lower in diabetic group (t=-2.862,-2.034,P＜0.05).Klebsiella pneumonia was the most common pathogens and the positive ratewashigher in diabetic group (x2=3.893,P＜0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that multiple abscesses (OR=8.761,95％CI:1.364-56.259) and abscess size≥10 cm (OR=9.648,95％CI:1.496-62.232) were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in diabetic patients.Hypoalbuminemia (OR=2.794,95％CI:1.062-7.349)and abscess size ≥ 10 cm (OR=3.777,95％CI:1.402-10.178) were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in non-diabetic patients.Conclusions Diabetic patients with liver abscess have atypical clinical characteristics and ware commonly caused by Klebsiella pneumonia.The size and number of abscesses may be associated with its prognosis.