The argillaceous surrounding rock of a horsehead roadway under high stress conditions is prone to deformation and failure, and the control of its long-term stability is difficult. Based on the engineering practices that control the argillaceous surrounding rock of a horsehead roadway in the return air shaft in the Libi Coal Mine in Shanxi Province, field measurements, laboratory experimentation, numerical simulation, and industrial tests are used to analyze the main influencing factors and mechanism of the deformation and failure of the surrounding rock of the horsehead roadway. We propose principles and countermeasures to control the stability of the horsehead roadway. The main factors of the surrounding rock failure of the horsehead roadway include the poor lithology of argillaceous surrounding rocks, horizontal tectonic stress, the superimposed influence of additional stress from the shaft and construction disturbance, the small thickness of the anchorage layer in the roof, and the insufficient depth of floor reinforcement. The results show that the shaft’s presence increases the horizontal stress peak and stress concentration range in the roof, and the plastic zone range. The stress concentration and plastic zones and deformations of the surrounding rock increase significantly with the increase in horizontal tectonic stress. The control principles for the argillaceous surrounding rock of the horsehead roadway include increasing the thickness of the anchorage ring, the floor reinforcement exceeding the minimum depth, and reinforced support in key positions. The key control countermeasures include an innovative prestressed full-length anchorage for the mudstone roof, active and passive reinforcement technology with cables, and a reverse arch for floor reinforcement. The field measurements show that the control of the surrounding rock using the prestressed full-length anchorage of the innovative anchor-grouting device is remarkable.

Highly efficient maintenance and control of the deep strong mining roadway's stability is a reliable guarantee for the safe production and sustainable development of a coal mine. With return air roadway 4106 in Wenjiapo coal mine as the research background, an in situ investigation, numerical simulation, and engineering practice were carried out to reveal the stress distribution and surrounding rock deformation and failure characteristics of a strong mining roadway. The numerical simulation results show that both first mining and secondary mining are positively correlated with the deformation and failure of roadway surrounding rock. The peak abutment pressure of the coal pillar near the goaf caused by first mining and secondary mining are 28.7 and 35.6 MPa, respectively, with a 24% increase. During the first mining period, the total deformation of the roof and floor of the roadway and the two sides was 1160 and 1436 mm, respectively. During the second mining period, the total deformation of the roof and floor of the roadway in a working face advance gradually increased from 1737 mm 80 m away from the working face to 2281 mm at the working face, and the total deformation of the two sidewalls gradually increased from 2094 mm 80 m away from the working face to 2211 mm at the working face. The damage to the roadway caused by secondary mining was much greater than that caused by the first mining. The collaborative control technology of long anchorage-top-cutting blasting stress relief is proposed to control the stability of the roadway. The engineering practice shows that the deformation of the roadway is effectively controlled under strong mining disturbance, and the maximum deformations of the roof, floor and sidewall are 17, 23, and 11 mm, respectively.

In view of the serious deformation of surrounding rock of deep strong mining roadway, this paper takes 4203 return airway in Jianxin Mine as the engineering background, and uses FLAC3D numerical simulation software to simulate the stress distribution law of roadway and the deformation law of surrounding rock of roadway after three schemes of “short bolt + long anchor cable”, “long bolt + short anchor cable” and “long bolt + short anchor cable + pressure relief” are adopted when the roadway is disturbed by tunneling and secondary mining. The results show that increasing the bolt length can effectively reduce the roof deformation, and pressure relief can effectively improve the stress environment of roadway surrounding rock. The experimental section was set up in 4203 return airway, which proved that the collaborative control of long anchorage and pressure relief had obvious effect on the control of roadway deformation and the improvement of stress environment.

为解决我国西部某矿泥质软岩巷道950运输石门底鼓严重的问题,对巷道底鼓的影响因素进行了分析,发现巷道底鼓主要受埋深大、构造应力、开采扰动、泥岩特性、地下水等因素的影响.研究表明,该巷道底板最小加固深度应达到4.2 m.在原支护的基础上,设计了底板加固和底板未加固2种支护新方案,并采用数值模拟对2种方案进行对比,得出加固底板的方案可有效改善巷道围岩应力条件,降低底鼓量,为相似矿井巷道底鼓治理提供了借鉴.

Rock burst is a typical dynamic disaster in deep underground coal mining. Based on the support problems of the deep roadways in fully mechanized caving face 401111 of Hujiahe Coal Mine suffering from rock burst in Shaanxi Province of China, the failure law and influencing factors of the surrounding rock of the roadway are analyzed. The results show that the deformation of surrounding rock in the roadway shows the characteristics of elastic, plastic transformation, rheology, and expansion. At the same time, it has the typical characteristics of deep roadway, such as the fast deformation speed, long duration, asymmetric deformation, and large loose broken area of surrounding rock. Based on the principle of “strengthening support in shallow zones” and “deep pressure relief in deep zones” in the surrounding rock, the control scheme of surrounding rock in the return roadway of fully mechanized caving working face 401111 is proposed by taking the large diameter pressure relief and deep hole blasting as the main means of pressure relief. The practice shows that the surrounding rock of the return roadway is relatively stable after the implementation of the new scheme, which shows that the design of the new support scheme is reasonable and reliable. It is of great significance for the stability control of surrounding rock of the mining roadway suffering from rock burst.

针对我国西部深井强采动巷道底鼓控制难题,以陕西文家坡煤矿4106工作面回风巷为工程背景,分析了4106回风巷围岩破坏机制,得出文家坡煤矿强采动巷道底鼓的主要影响因素为岩性差、强度低、地应力高、二次采动影响与支护方案不合理.FLAC3D数值模拟结果表明:一次采动顶底板变形量为1160 mm,且煤柱侧向支承压力峰值为28.3 MPa;二次采动期间顶底板移近量从工作面前方80 m处的1737 mm增加到工作面处的2281 mm,煤柱侧向支承压力峰值为36.7 MPa,同比增加29.7％.基于模拟结果和底鼓主要影响因素,提出了顶板长锚固、巷道帮角锚杆加固、围岩卸压和底板铺设三合土联合控制对策,现场应用效果良好.

Goaf-side roadway driving with narrow coal pillars could obviously improve the coal recovery rates compared to traditional wide pillars of 15–40 m. However, it is difficult to control the stability of goaf-side roadway driving, especially in the deep island coal working face. To control the stability using fully mechanized caving, working face 4206 in Jianxin Coal Mine in the Shaanxi Province of China, field investigation, theoretical analysis, and numerical simulation were performed to obtain the main influencing factors of the surrounding rock deformation and reveal the characteristics of stress distribution, plastic zones, and deformations of the surrounding rock of roadways with coal pillars of different widths. Results show that the main influencing factors of surrounding rock deformation of roadways in the island working face 4206 in Jianxin Coal Mine include large, buried depth, thick coal seam, large coal pillars, and island working face with high stress concentration. Moreover, the reasonable coal pillar width is 8 m. The stress concentration and the damage of the 8-m-wide coal pillar are smaller, and the corresponding deformation is lower than that of the other pillars, which is beneficial to the stability of the Goaf-side roadway driving.