The purpose of the present study was to synthesise available evidence examining the effectiveness of mindfulness-based binary interventions in cancer patient-caregiver dyads to improve their physical and psychosocial well-being. Randomised controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies were searched extensively in ten electronic databases from their inception to January 2024. Studies written in either English or Chinese were eligible for inclusion in this review. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool version 1 and the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist were used to appraise the studies. Meta-analyses using Review Manager 5.4.1 were used to synthesise the effects of outcomes of interest. Subgroup analyses were conducted. Eleven studies with 478 cancer patients and 391 caregivers were included. Meta-analyses revealed statistically significant differences in patient anxiety (standardised mean difference (SMD) = -1.04, 95

BACKGROUND:Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers and poses a physical and psychological threat to patients. Mindfulness-based interventions are emerging forms of psychotherapy that are effective in improving physical and psychological symptoms, but no review has summarized their effectiveness on anxiety, depression, and fatigue in people with lung cancer. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions in reducing anxiety, depression, and fatigue in people with lung cancer. DESIGN:Systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS:We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, China Biology Medicine disc, Wanfang Data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and China Science and Technology Journal databases from inception to 13 April 2022. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials of people with lung cancer receiving mindfulness-based interventions reporting on the outcomes of anxiety, depression, and fatigue. Two researchers independently reviewed the abstracts and full texts, extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias independently by using the Cochrane 'Risk of bias assessment tool'. The meta-analysis was performed by using Review Manager 5.4, and the effect size was calculated by the standardized mean difference and its 95% confidence interval. RESULTS:The systematic review included 25 studies (2420 participants), whereas the meta-analysis included 18 studies (1731 participants). Mindfulness-based interventions significantly decreased levels of anxiety [standardized mean difference = -1.15, 95% confidence interval (-1.36, -0.94), Z = 10.75, P < 0.001], depression [standardized mean difference = -1.04, 95% confidence interval (-1.60, -0.48), Z = 3.66, P < 0.001], and fatigue [standardized mean difference = -1.29, 95% confidence interval (-1.66, -0.91), Z = 6.79, P < 0.001]. The subgroup analysis indicated that programs lasting less than eight weeks in length with structured intervention components (e.g., mindfulness-based stress reduction and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy) and 45 min of daily home practice implemented in patients with advanced stage lung cancer showed better effects than programs lasting more than eight weeks in length with less structured components and more than 45 min of daily home practice implemented in patients with mixed stage lung cancer. The overall quality of the evidence was low due to the lack of allocation concealment and blinding and the high risk of bias in most studies (80%). CONCLUSIONS:Mindfulness-based interventions might be effective in reducing anxiety, depression, and fatigue in people with lung cancer. However, we cannot draw definitive conclusions because the overall quality of the evidence was low. More rigorous studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness and examine which intervention components may be most effective for improved outcomes.

BACKGROUND:Resilience is important for patients with cancer. However, the relationships among factors affecting the resilience of patients with lung cancer have not been studied sufficiently. OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to clarify the relationships among social support, resilience, self-efficacy, and symptom distress among patients with lung cancer. METHODS:Through simple random sampling, 303 patients with lung cancer from 4 tertiary hospitals in Changsha, China, were recruited for a cross-sectional descriptive correlational survey. Data were collected using demographic and disease-related information, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Strategies Used by People to Promote Health, the Perceived Social Support Scale, and the Symptom Distress Scale. RESULTS:Patients' mean total resilience score was 50.01 ± 15.25. The fit indices for the model indicated a good fit. Social support had multiple effects on resilience; specifically, it had direct and indirect effects through the mediating role of self-efficacy. Symptom distress had only an indirect effect on resilience through self-efficacy. CONCLUSIONS:Social support, symptom distress, and self-efficacy are key factors associated with resilience in patients with lung cancer. These factors had direct and indirect effects on each other and on resilience. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE:To enhance resilience among patients with lung cancer, interventions that strengthen self-efficacy, provide social support, and reduce symptom distress should be developed.

Decision-making aid for cancer patients is of great significance in the diagnosis and treatment for diseases. Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women all over the world, and breast cancer patients have become the main target population for decision-aided research. Application of decision-making assistance for patients in Western countries has developed to a certain extent, while relevant research in China is still at the early stage. There are kinds of intervention forms for patients' decision aids, including traditional brochures and videos, decision aids systems, decision coaching, multidisciplinary breast cancer teams, etc. The tools for decision-making quality evaluation include the patients' awareness for decision-making, participation, decision-making conflict, decision-making satisfaction, decision-making regret, which can provide important guidance for the application of decision-making aid treatment in breast cancer patients in the future.

AIM:To measure the prevalence of compassion fatigue among Chinese clinical nurses and to examine the effects of resilience and self-efficacy on compassion fatigue.DESIGN:A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted in accordance with the STROBE guidelines.METHODS:Participants were recruited from three tertiary hospitals in central China from October 3 to December 15, 2019, using convenience sampling. Clinical nurses (n = 992) from different nursing departments completed the General Information Questionnaire, Professional Quality of Life Scale, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and General Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson or Spearman's correlation analyses, and multiple linear regression models were used.RESULTS:Nurses experienced moderate levels of compassion fatigue (burnout and secondary traumatic stress). Resilience and self-efficacy were significantly negatively correlated with burnout but not with secondary traumatic stress. Linear regression analysis showed that resilience, self-efficacy, exercise, and physical conditions were the main predictors of burnout. Only physical conditions and marital status significantly predicted secondary traumatic stress.CONCLUSION:Nurses are vulnerable to compassion fatigue in China. Resilience and self-efficacy significantly negatively predicted nurses' compassion fatigue. Physical conditions, healthy lifestyles, and social support are also important factors for compassion fatigue.IMPACT:Our findings can be used to generate targeted intervention and coping strategies for nurses to improve their resilience and self-efficacy to alleviate compassion fatigue.

Background Resilience is important for patients with cancer. However, the relationships among factors affecting the resilience of patients with lung cancer have not been studied sufficiently. Objective The aim of this study was to clarify the relationships among social support, resilience, self-efficacy, and symptom distress among patients with lung cancer. Methods Through simple random sampling, 303 patients with lung cancer from 4 tertiary hospitals in Changsha, China, were recruited for a cross-sectional descriptive correlational survey. Data were collected using demographic and disease-related information, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Strategies Used by People to Promote Health, the Perceived Social Support Scale, and the Symptom Distress Scale. Results Patients’ mean total resilience score was 50.01 ± 15.25. The fit indices for the model indicated a good fit. Social support had multiple effects on resilience; specifically, it had direct and indirect effects through the mediating role of self-efficacy. Symptom distress had only an indirect effect on resilience through self-efficacy. Conclusions Social support, symptom distress, and self-efficacy are key factors associated with resilience in patients with lung cancer. These factors had direct and indirect effects on each other and on resilience. Implications for Practice To enhance resilience among patients with lung cancer, interventions that strengthen self-efficacy, provide social support, and reduce symptom distress should be developed.

随着循证实践的发展,综述及相关方法在临床实践中占据着重要的地位.但由于文献数量多、术语上的差异和重叠等原因,可能会导致研究者对一些综述类型及相关方法混淆不清和误用,甚至在文献检索时难以检索到重要的文献.因此该文对医学研究中常见的各综述类型及相关方法进行描述性的概括和举例,并使用与循证医学原则相一致的分析方法即检索、评估、综合、分析识别和区分医学研究中常见的综述类型及相关方法,总结出其优缺点和适用情况,以期帮助研究者识别各种综述类型及相关方法,促进循证和护理学科的发展.

选择、优化和补偿（SOC）自我调节策略最初多应用于青少年以及健康老年人。在人口老龄化加剧和慢性病发病率急速攀升的背景下，许多学者逐渐开始探索其在老年慢性病患者群体中的适用性以及有效性。目前已有研究证实相当数量的老年慢性病患者都使用了SOC策略，并对其健康结局指标产生了积极的影响。但现有随机对照的研究证据相对薄弱，未来需要更多的干预性研究，并进行长期的随访，以评估SOC策略在不同老年慢性病患者群体中的应用效果。