BACKGROUND:Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is a severe lung cancer complication, with potentially fatal consequences. The use of intrathecal therapy (IT) combined with systemic therapy has shown promise as a treatment approach for LM. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the features and responses to IT combined therapy and identify determinants affecting patients with leptomeningeal metastasis resulting from lung adenocarcinoma (LM-LA). METHODS:A retrospective analysis of medical records from our hospital database was performed, covering from April 2018 to August 2022, for 37 patients diagnosed with LM-LA and treated with IT combined therapy. Patients who received IT combined therapy for LM-LA were evaluated for demographic characteristics, treatment efficacy, survival, and variables that impacted them. RESULTS:The median overall survival (mOS) of 37 patients was 16.0 months, and the survival rates at 6 and 12 months were 75.7% and 35.1%, respectively. Among the 21 patients with LM-LA who received IT combined with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), the mOS was 17.0 months, which was significantly longer than that of patients treated with IT combined with chemotherapy (7.0 months, P = 0.010) and the best supportive care (6.0 months, P = 0.001). However, no significant survival benefit was observed in patients treated with IT combined with TKIs when compared with those treated with IT combined with PD-1 (5.0 months, P = 0.249). Multivariate analysis indicated that the combination of TKIs was an independent favorable prognostic factor for patients with LM-LA. CONCLUSION:Combination treatment is regarded as an additional option for patients with LM-LA. Compared with other combination therapies in our study, IT combined with TKI therapy provided a better survival outcome for patients with LM-LA.

BACKGROUND:Meningiomas are common central nervous system tumors, predominantly intracranial, they rarely develop extracranially. Moreover, benign meningiomas seldom metastasize. CASE PRESENTATION:This article presents a case report of a 55-year-old Chinese male patient with a primary World Health Organization grade 1 meningioma originating from the petrous apex of the temporal bone, accompanied by pulmonary metastasis. Following two incomplete resections of the primary tumor, the patient underwent radiotherapy and has since maintained a stable condition. CONCLUSION:The case report highlights the rare occurrence of pulmonary metastasis in a benign World Health Organization grade 1 meningioma originating from an extracranial site. It also illustrates the important role of radiotherapy in treating patients with meningioma. Additionally, a review of related literature is provided to gain insights for the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

Purpose This study retrospectively analyzes cases of diffuse midline glioma treated with radiotherapy, with the aim of investigating the prognosis of the tumor and its influencing factors. Methods From January 2018 to November 2022, we treated 64 patients who were pathologically diagnosed with diffuse midline glioma. Among them, 41 underwent surgical resection, and 23 underwent biopsy procedures. All patients received postoperative radiotherapy. We followed up with the patients to determine the overall survival rate and conducted univariate and multivariate analyses on relevant indicators. Results The median survival time for the entire patient group was 33.3 months, with overall survival rates of 92.9%, 75.4%, and 45.0% at 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that older patients had a better prognosis. Conclusion Patient age is an independent prognostic factor for patients with diffuse midline glioma undergoing radiation therapy.

In recent years, CD9 has been extensively studied as a potential biomarker for cancer. However, the biological role of CD9 in gliomas remains unclear. This study investigates the function of CD9 in gliomas and its molecular mechanisms. Utilizing pan-cancer analysis with TCGA, CGGA, and GEO databases, differential expression of CD9 was observed in 11 tumor types within the TCGA cohort, and it was associated with patient survival rates. Analysis of the CGGA glioma database revealed that patients with high CD9 expression had lower survival rates. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for GSE16011 was greater than 0.7, indicating a high discriminative ability. Through gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), immune-related analysis, and CD9 mutation detection, CD9 was found to have the strongest correlation with neutrophil involvement (cor = 0.30, P < 0.05), and the high CD9 expression group exhibited higher rejection responses and TIDE scores, suggesting a lower likelihood of successful immunotherapy. The high CD9 expression group was more sensitive to 81 drugs, indicating potential therapeutic effects for gliomas. Furthermore, overexpression of CD9 in gliomas may be associated with gene mutations. Down-regulation or up-regulation of CD9 expression in the glioblastoma cell line LN229 showed that CD9 could positively regulate the migratory ability of LN229 cells. Further, several marker genes, such as VEGFR-2, TGF-beta 1, CASP1 and PI3K, were down regulated in CD9 knockdown cell lines and up regulated in CD9 overexpression cell lines, compared with control cell line. This study preliminarily explores the role of CD9 in gliomas and its prognostic value, providing new insights for personalized treatment strategies in glioma therapy.

PurposeThis study retrospectively analyzes cases of diffuse midline glioma treated with radiotherapy, with the aim of investigating the prognosis of the tumor and its influencing factors.MethodsFrom January 2018 to November 2022, we treated 64 patients who were pathologically diagnosed with diffuse midline glioma. Among them, 41 underwent surgical resection, and 23 underwent biopsy procedures. All patients received postoperative radiotherapy. We followed up with the patients to determine the overall survival rate and conducted univariate and multivariate analyses on relevant indicators.ResultsThe median survival time for the entire patient group was 33.3 months, with overall survival rates of 92.9%, 75.4%, and 45.0% at 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years, respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that older patients had a better prognosis.ConclusionPatient age is an independent prognostic factor for patients with diffuse midline glioma undergoing radiation therapy.

BackgroundDietary antioxidants have long been thought to be likely to prevent the development of gliomas. Previous studies have reported vitamin A, C, and E protective effects against gliomas. B vitamins, one of the main vitamins in the diet, are closely related to human health, but the association with gliomas has rarely been reported.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the relationship between five B vitamins and glioma.MethodsIn this Chinese population-based case–control study, 506 glioma cases and 506 matched (age and sex) controls were included. The dietary intake of study participants was assessed using a valid 111-item food frequency questionnaire. The intake of five B vitamins was calculated based on participants’ dietary information from the food frequency questionnaire. The logistic regression model was used to examine the association between B vitamins and glioma, and the restriction cubic spline evaluated the dose–response relationship between the two.ResultsAfter adjusting for confounding factors, thiamine (OR = 0.09, 95%CI: 0.05–0.20), riboflavin (OR = 0.12, 95%CI: 0.06–0.25), nicotinic acid (OR = 0.24, 95%CI: 0.12–0.47), folate (OR = 0.07, 95%CI: 0.03–0.15) and biotin (OR = 0.14, 95%CI: 0.07–0.30) in the highest tertile were associated with a significantly decreased risk of glioma compared with the lowest tertile. The results of thiamine and biotin in glioma with different pathological types and grades were different. The restricted cubic spline function showed significant dose–response relationships between the intake of five B vitamins and the risk of glioma. When B vitamins exceeded a specific intake, the risk of glioma did not change.ConclusionOur study suggests that higher dietary intake of thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinic acid, and folate are associated with a decreased risk of glioma, but the results of biotin are not consistent among different populations. In the future, prospective studies should be conducted better to validate the effects of B vitamins on gliomas.

BackgroundGliomas are the most common primary intracranial tumors in adults. Inappropriate dietary habits are thought to be a risk factor for most human cancer, and glioma is no exception. However, the effect of dietary factors on glioma is not clear.ObjectiveThis review aims to quantitatively evaluate the association between various dietary intakes and glioma using a meta-analysis.MethodsWe searched articles on PubMed, the Cochrane Library, the Web of Science, and EMBASE from their inception until October 11, 2021. According to heterogeneity, the fixed-effects or random-effects model was selected to obtain the relative risk (RR) of merger. Based on the methods described by Greenland and Longnecker, we explored the dose-response relationship between dietary intakes and the risk of glioma. Subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias were also used.ResultsThis study reviewed 33 articles, including 3,606,015 controls and 8,831 patients with glioma. This study included 12 food groups. Compared with the lowest intakes, the highest intakes of tea (RR = 0.82, 95%CI:0.71–0.93), total vegetables (RR = 0.84, 95%CI: 0.70–1.00), green vegetables (RR = 0.80, 95%CI: 0.66–0.98), and orange vegetables (RR = 0.79, 95%CI: 0.66–0.96) significantly reduced the risk of glioma, while the highest intakes of grains (RR = 1.39, 95%CI: 1.16–1.66), processed meats (RR = 1.19, 95%CI: 1.00–1.42), and processed fish (RR = 1.37, 95%CI: 1.03–1.84) significantly increased the risk of glioma. The results of subgroup and sensitivity analyses remained unchanged. In the dose-response relationship, only tea was statistically significant. Taking an extra cup of tea every day reduced the risk of glioma by 4%.ConclusionsOur analysis suggests that the intakes of tea, total vegetables, green vegetables, and orange vegetables may reduce the risk of glioma, while the intakes of grains, processed meats, and processed fish may increase the risk of glioma. Therefore, the effect of dietary factors on glioma should not be ignored.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, CRD42022296658.

Background:Nitrite and nitrate intake through food and water may be an important risk factor for many cancers, including glioma. However, the association of nitrite and nitrate with glioma is unclear.Objective:This review aimed to quantitatively assess the effects of nitrite and nitrate on glioma by meta-analysis.Methods:A literature search was conducted for available articles published in English using the databases of Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, Medline, and the Cochrane Library up to 24 March 2022. According to heterogeneity, the fixed-effects or random-effects model was selected to obtain the merger's relative risk (RR). Based on the methods described by Greenland and Longnecker, we explored the dose-response relationship between nitrite/nitrate and the risk of glioma. Subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias tests were also used.Results:This study reviewed 17 articles, including 812,107 participants and 4,574 cases. For glioma in adults, compared with the lowest intakes, the highest intakes of nitrite significantly increased the risk of glioma (RR=1.26, 95% confidence interval (95%CI):1.09-1.47). For brain tumors in children, compared with the lowest intakes, the highest intakes of nitrate significantly increased the risk of brain tumors (RR=1.27, 95%CI:1.06-1.52). The results of subgroup and sensitivity analyses remained unchanged. In the dose-response relationship, per 1 mg/day increase in nitrite intake increased the risk of glioma by 14% (RR=1.14, 95%CI:1.01-1.27).Conclusions:Our analysis suggests that nitrite increases the risk of glioma in adults, while nitrate increases the risk of brain tumors in children. Therefore, the effects of nitrite and nitrate on glioma cannot be ignored.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022320295.

Abstract Purpose: Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is a seriously fatal complication of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Intrathecal therapy (IT) combined with systemic therapy is one of the therapeutic approaches for LM. The purpose of this study is to assess the characteristics, response to IT combined therapy and determinants of patients with leptomeningeal metastasis from lung adenocarcinoma (LM-LA). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 37 patients with LM-LA who were treated by IT combined therapy between April 2018 and August 2022 from the database of Beijing Tiantan Hospital. Results: The median overall survival (mOS) of the 37 patients was 16.0 months. 21 patients who received IT combined TKIs, the mOS was 17.0 months which was longer than patients treated with IT combined chemotherapy (7.0 months), PD-1(6.0 months) and best support care (5.0 months). Combination of TKIs was independent favorable prognostic factors for patients with LM-LA. Conclusion: Combination therapy is considered to be another choice for patients of LM-LA. Compared with other combination therapy in our study，IT combined TKIs therapy provided a better survival outcome for patients with LM-LA.

Background Brain tumor is one of the important causes of cancer mortality, and the prognosis is poor. Therefore, early prevention of brain tumors is the key to reducing mortality due to brain tumors. Objective This review aims to quantitatively evaluate the association between vitamins and brain tumors by meta-analysis. Methods We searched articles on PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Embase databases from inception to 19 December 2021. According to heterogeneity, the fixed-effects model or random-effects model was selected to obtain the relative risk of the merger. Based on the methods described by Greenland and Longnecker, we explored the dose-response relationship between vitamins and the risk of brain tumors. Subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias were also used for the analysis. Results The study reviewed 23 articles, including 1,347,426 controls and 6,449 brain tumor patients. This study included vitamin intake and circulating concentration. For intake, it mainly included vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C, vitamin E, β-carotene, and folate. For circulating concentrations, it mainly included vitamin E and vitamin D in the serum (25-hydroxyvitamin D and α-tocopherol). For vitamin intake, compared with the lowest intakes, the highest intakes of vitamin C (RR = 0.81, 95%CI:0.66–0.99, I 2 = 54.7%, P for heterogeneity = 0.007), β-carotene (RR = 0.78, 95%CI:0.66–0.93, I 2 = 0, P for heterogeneity = 0.460), and folate (RR = 0.66, 95%CI:0.55–0.80, I 2 = 0, P for heterogeneity = 0.661) significantly reduced the risk of brain tumors. For serum vitamins, compared with the lowest concentrations, the highest concentrations of serum α-tocopherol (RR = 0.61, 95%CI:0.44–0.86, I 2 = 0, P for heterogeneity = 0.656) significantly reduced the risk of brain tumors. The results of the dose-response relationship showed that increasing the intake of 100 μg folate per day reduced the risk of brain tumors by 7% ( P − nonlinearity = 0.534, RR = 0.93, 95%CI:0.90–0.96). Conclusion Our analysis suggests that the intake of vitamin C, β-carotene, and folate can reduce the risk of brain tumors, while high serum α-tocopherol concentration also has a protective effect on brain tumors. Therefore, vitamins may provide new ideas for the prevention of brain tumors. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO, identifier CRD42022300683.

Ferroptosis is a newly discovered form of programmed cell death, which has unique biological effects on metabolism and redox biology. In this study, the prognostic value of ferroptosis‐related genes was investigated in lower‐grade gliomas (LGG). We downloaded the ferroptosis‐related genes from the FerrDb dataset. Univariate Cox and LASSO regression analyses were applied to identify genes correlated with overall survival (OS). Subsequently, 12 ferroptosis‐related genes were screened to establish the prognostic signature using stepwise multivariate Cox regression. According to the median value of risk scores, patients were divided into low‐ and high‐risk subgroups. The Kaplan‐Meier curves showed the high‐risk group had a lower OS. The predictive power of the risk model was validated using the CGGA. Functional analysis revealed that the terms associated with plasma membrane receptor complex, immune response and glutamate metabolic process were primarily related to the risk model. Moreover, we established a nomogram that had a strong forecasting ability for the 1‐, 3‐ and 5‐year OS. In addition, we compared the risk scores between different clinical features. We also detected infiltration of macrophages and monocytes in different subgroups. Overall, our study identified the prognostic signature of 12 ferroptosis‐related genes, which has the potential to predict the prognosis of LGG.

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant brain tumor and exhibits aggressive phenotype. Studies have shown that microRNA (miR) acts as regulator in GBM, while the effect of miR-182 on GBM is still unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the role of miR-182 in GBM. Methods: miR-182-KO cells were generated using Crispr-cas 9 system. MTS and clonogenic assays were used to determine cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was performed for cell cycle and apoptosis analysis. Western blot and qRT-PCR assays were used to assess the alterations of signaling pathway. Nude mouse xenograft model was used to evaluate the role of miR-182 in vivo. Results: We found that CRISPR-mediated miR-182 knockout enhanced cell cycle arrest and inhibited proliferation. We further identified the F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7 (FBW7) as a target gene of miR-182 in GBM. Furthermore, inhibition of miR-182 induced VEGF-A downregulation. Inhibition of miR-182 promotes apoptosis via FBW-7-mediated Mcl-1 degradation in GBM. In addition, deficiency of miR-182 reduced tumor growth. Finally, our data showed that miR-182 level was inversely correlated with FBW7 in GBM patients. Conclusions: In conclusion, our study suggests that miR-182 is a potential therapeutic target for GBM treatment.

Objeetive A retrospective analysis was carried out to evaluate the prognosis and Influence factors of brain stem gliomas (BSG).Methods From Jul.2009 to Dec.2011,54 patients with pathological diagnosis of WHOⅠ ～ Ⅳ BSG received definitive radiotherapy and eligible for the analysis.In all patients,21 cases accepted subtotal resection,27 cases accepted partial resection and 6 accepted biopsy; 16 cases accepted intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and 38 cases accepted three dimensional radiotherapy(3DCRT),1.8～2.0 Gy/f,total dose(DT) was 45 ～60 Gy,the median DT was 50.4 Gy; 24 cases accepted concurrent chemoradiotherapy of temozolomide and 30 cases accepted radiation alone.The significance of related prognostic factors were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis.The value of each prognostic factor in the survival was added up to calculate the prognostic index(PI).Results In all patients,the median survival time was 17.5 months.The overall survival rate of 1 year and 3 year was 83％ and 61％,respectively.Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that with a low WHO grade and lesion confined to a single anatomic site gave a better survival.Conclusion Low WHO grade and lesion confined to a single anatomic site are likely to be independent prognostic factors.Prognostic index model can predict the prognosis of BSG more effectively than single variable.

Objective To investigate the clinical outcomes and toxicity for patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) who underwent precise radiotherapy combined with temozolomide (TMZ).Methods The records of 54 patients with newly - diagnosed GBM from July 2009 to December 2010 were reviewed.The patients underwent postoperative intensity - modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) or three -dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D -CRT) with concurrent and adjuvant TMZ.Results The median follow - up was 13 months.Of the 54 patients,50 completed the combined modality treatment.The overall survival rate was significantly different between patients with good performance status( KPS ≥70) and those with worse performance status ( KPS ＜ 70) ( 86.8％ VS.50.8％,P =O.005 ).Patients who underwent partial resection had lower overall survival rate compared with those who underwent total resection,but no reach statistically significant (84.4％ vs.70.5％,P =0.067).The pattern of failure was predominandy local. Grade 3 -4 toxicity was limited to 2 patient with leukopenia during concurrent chemoradiotherapy.Conclusions These results indicate that precise radiotherapy combined with TMZ is effective and safe treatment for GBM patients. Performance status and extent of surgery were prognostic factors for overall survival.