目的 研究甘薯提取物(sweet potato extract,SPE)对结直肠癌(colorectal cancer,CRC)荷瘤鼠肝脏中多种免疫细胞因子表达水平的影响.方法 20只雄性Balb/c裸鼠分为2组(对照组、SPE组,每组10只).对照组正常饮食、饮水;SPE组经饮水摄入甘薯提取物(平均摄入量2 g/d);2组均在第5周第1 d腹腔接种人结直肠癌LoVo细胞,第8周末处死所有动物,通过抗体芯片技术检测肝组织中多种免疫细胞因子的表达水平.结果 SPE干预使肝组织中c-c基序趋化配体(c-c motif chemokine ligand,CCL)11(P<0.05)、c-x-c基序趋化配体(c-x-c motif chemokine ligand,CXCL)11(P<0.01)、白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)-10(P<0.05)、IL-12(P<0.05)、IL-22(P<0.01)、IL-23(P<0.05)、基质金属蛋白酶(matrix metalloproteinase,MMP)-2、MMP-3、MMP-9(P<0.01)、双调蛋白和血管生成素样3蛋白表达水平显著降低,巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(macrophage-colony stimulating factor,M-CSF)(P<0.01)和血管生成素样2蛋白(P<0.05)水平升高,粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor,GM-CSF)、?干扰素(interferon?,INF?)、CCL2、CCL3、CCL20、IL-17A、血管生成素样1蛋白无显著改变.结论 经口摄入SPE可降低CRC荷瘤鼠肝组织整体炎症反应,调节血管生成及组织重塑因子,有助于恢复肝功能的动态平衡.

目的 研究维生素A缺乏(vitamin A deficiency,VAD)对阿尔茨海默症(Alzheimer's disease,AD)模型APP/PS1小鼠认知功能和补体系统的影响,探索补体因子影响APP/PS1小鼠认知功能的作用机制.方法 将20只雄性APP/PS 1小鼠随机分为维生素A缺乏组(VAD)和维生素A正常组(vitamin A normal,VAN),进行45周的特殊饲料干预.45周后,进行新物体识别实验和Y迷宫实验以检测小鼠的认知功能,采用免疫组化和Western Blot检测小鼠皮质中的补体系统起始因子C1q的蛋白表达情况,采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction,RT-qPCR)检测小鼠海马中C1q以及其他补体因子的mRNA表达情况.结果 新物体识别实验和Y迷宫实验的结果显示,维生素A缺乏使APP/PS1小鼠认知功能障碍加重.免疫组化和Western Blot的结果显示,与VAN组相比,VAD干预45周后皮质中的C1q的蛋白表达量显著升高(P＜0.05).RT-qPCR结果显示,VAD干预45周后,海马中C1q和C1r的mRNA表达显著上调(P＜0.05),C4、C4BP和C5的mRNA表达显著下调(P＜0.05),而C1s、C2、C3和C5aR1的mRNA表达无明显变化.结论 长期缺乏维生素A会加重AD模型APP/PS1小鼠的认知功能障碍并影响大脑中的补体系统,且补体因子可能参与VAD影响认知功能的作用机制.

目的 系统评价口服益生菌对结直肠癌患者术后感染的影响.方法 计算机检索PubMed、The Cochrane Library、EMbase、CNKI、WanFang Data和VIP数据库,搜集有关益生菌干预结直肠癌患者术后感染的随机对照试验(randomized controlled trials,RCTs),检索时限均为建库至2020年3月.由2名研究者独立筛选文献、提取资料并进行质量评价,采用RevMan 5.3软件与Stata 14.0软件进行Meta分析.结果 共纳入13个RCTs(1122例患者),Meta分析结果显示:益生菌干预的试验组术后感染的总发生率低于对照组(OR=0.32,95％CI:0.24～0.44).同时,试验组手术部位感染(OR=0.42,95％CI:0.27～0.66)、尿路感染(OR=0.30,95％CI:0.16～0.59)和肺部感染(OR=0.38,95％CI:0.23～0.66)的发生率也低于对照组,但腹腔脓肿(OR=0.55,95％CI:0.20～1.51)差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).2组研究对象在吻合口瘘(OR=0.41,95％CI:0.19～0.87)和住院时间(WMD=-1.44,95％CI:-2.18～-0.71)差异也具有统计学意义.亚组分析结果提示2种及2种以上益生菌的联合效果可能高于单一益生菌干预的效果.结论 结直肠癌患者口服益生菌可降低术后感染的发生率,改善患者预后.

Sporamin, a proteinase inhibitor isolated from the sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), has shown promising anticancer effect against colorectal cancer (CRC) in vitro and in vivo but its mechanisms of action are poorly understood. In the present study, high throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology was applied to explore the transcriptomic changes induced by sporamin in the presence of thapsigargin (TG), a non-12-O-tetradecanolphorbol-13-acetate type cancer promoter, in the LoVo human CRC cells. Cellular total RNA was extracted from the cells after they were treated with vehicle (CTL), 1 μM of thapsigargin (TG), or 1 μM of TG plus 30 μM of sporamin (TGSP) for 24 h. The migratory capacity of the cells was determined by wound healing assay. The gene expression profiles of the cells were determined by RNA-seq on an Illumina platform. GO enrichment analysis, KEGG pathway analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction, and transcription factors (TF) prediction were all performed based on the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) across groups with a series of bioinformatics tools. Finally, the effect and potential molecular targets of the sporamin at the transcriptome level were evaluated. Sporamin significantly inhibited the migration of cells induced by TG. Among the 17915 genes detected in RNA-seq, 46 DEGs were attributable to the effect of sporamin. RT-PCR experiment validated that the expression of RGPD2, SULT1A3, and BIVM-ERCC5 were up-regulated while NYP4R, FOXN1, PAK6, and CEACAM20 were down-regulated. Sporamin enhanced the mineral absorption pathway, worm longevity regulating pathway, and pyrimidine metabolism pathway. Two TFs (SMIM11A and ATOH8) were down-regulated by sporamin. HMOX1 (up-regulated) and NME1-NME2 (down-regulated) were the main nodes in a PPI network consisting of 16 DEGs that were modulated by sporamin in the presence of TG. Sporamin could favorably alter the gene expression profile of CRC cells, up-regulating the genes that contribute to the homeostasis of intracellular metal ions and the activities of essential enzymes and DNA damage repairment. More studies are warranted to verify its effect on specific genes and delineate the mechanism of action implicated in the process.

目的 探索甘薯提取物对结直肠癌荷瘤裸鼠粪便中钙卫蛋白(calprotectin,CP)、乳铁蛋白(lactoferrin,LTF)、二胺氧化酶(diamine oxidase,DAO)及氨基酸含量的影响,分析其可能的作用机理.方法 将12只雄性裸鼠随机分为4组:空白对照组(CG1)、甘薯提取物组(CG2)、移植瘤模型组(TCG)、移植瘤模型+甘薯提取物组(TTG).每组3只小鼠,分别干预1个月,在第23、30 d收集粪便检测CP、LTF、DAO和氨基酸含量.结果 实验第23 d TCG组CP、LTF和DAO含量即均显著高于CG1组(P<0.05),TTG组LTF和DAO含量比TCG组显著降低(P<0.05);到第30 d时,TTG组CP和LTF含量显著低于TCG组(P<0.05),但DAO显著升高(P<0.05).此外,CG2组动物粪便中16种氨基酸含量比CG1组均升高(P<0.05);TTG组除缬氨酸、蛋氨酸、异亮氨酸、酪氨酸和组氨酸外其余氨基酸含量比TCG组均升高(P<0.05).结论 经口摄入甘薯提取物有助于改善荷瘤鼠体内的氨基酸代谢失衡状况,显著降低肠道炎症介质CP和LTF的水平,并提高DAO含量,有助于保护肠粘膜的完整性和抑制肿瘤.