目的 进一步观测枕骨大孔的形态及变异等特征,为颅颈交界区病变的影像学诊断、手术治疗提供参考数据.方法 具有完整枕骨大孔的颅骨标本73例,采用游标卡尺测量枕骨大孔的长度、宽度,并计算其表面积.结果 ①枕骨大孔的长度、宽度及周长分别为(34.45±2.95)、(29.18±2.15)和(11.56±9.88) mm;枕骨大孔的表面积为(791.85±110.44)mm2;②枕骨大孔具有5种形态:圆形35例(47.9%)、椭圆形33例(45.2%)、菱形2例(2.7%)、不对称形2例(2.7%)及五边形1例(1.5%).结论 枕骨大孔以圆形和椭圆形为主.为枕骨大孔提供的重要解剖学参数,有助于提高对于颅颈交界区解剖及相关病变的认识,进一步降低手术风险.

Objective:To examine the morphology of the superficial palmar arch (SPA) and the relation to Kaplan's cardinal line and the distal wrist crease. Methods:30 human palmar specimens of formalin solution perfused were dissected and the superficial palmar arches were exposed. Distances between SPA and the Kaplan's cardinal line, the distal wrist crease were measured along the longitudinal line from the radial border of the ring finger, respectively. Results:Distance between SPA and the Kaplan's cardinal line was 5.2 mm;Distance between SPA and the distal wrist crease was 41.6 mm. Conclusion:Both the Kaplan's cardinal line and the distal wrist crease could be considered as the anatomical landmarks to SPA. Knowledge of these predictable anatomical relations would aid clinicians in surgical dissection and interpretation of abnormal arteriograms.